International Journal of Implant Dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Effect of three-segment scanning on the accuracy of intraoral scans in full-arch implant-supported rehabilitation: an in vitro study.","authors":"Yuki Sato, Yusuke Uto, Tetsurou Odatsu, Masami Arai, Takashi Sawase","doi":"10.1186/s40729-026-00692-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40729-026-00692-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effect of three-segment scanning on the accuracy of digital impressions of full-arch implants obtained using intraoral scanners.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An edentulous master model with six implants was digitized using a laboratory scanner to create a reference scan. Three intraoral scanners (Primescan, Aoralscan 3 and Trios 5) and two scan strategies were evaluated (n = 10): full-scan (simultaneous full-arch scan) and segmented-scan (the arch categorized into three segments, scanned independently, and subsequently composed into a full-arch dataset) groups. The reference data were scanned using a laboratory scanner. Surface deviation was evaluated with a tolerance of ± 50 μm. The percentage of the total scan body surface area within this tolerance range was calculated as surface trueness. The overall distance deviation between scan bodies was measured to determine linear trueness and precision.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For Aoralscan 3 and Trios 5, the segmented-scan group showed higher surface trueness than the full-arch scan group, whereas Primescan showed no statistically significant difference between the scan strategies. The overall distance deviation showed no significant differences in trueness between the full-arch and segmented scans for Primescan, Aoralscan 3, or Trios 5 (all p > 0.05). However, precision was significantly higher under the segmented-scan condition than with full-arch scanning for all evaluated intraoral scanners (all p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For full-arch implant impressions using intraoral scanners, segmented scanning with subsequent composition into a full-arch digital model improved intraoral scanning accuracy compared with simultaneous full-arch scanning.</p>","PeriodicalId":14076,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Implant Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13323467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of cold atmospheric pressure plasma on wettability of implant prosthetic materials: an in-vitro study.","authors":"Moataz Bayadse, Leonie Grander, Lisa Steiner, Samir Abou-Ayash, Stefan Wentaschek","doi":"10.1186/s40729-026-00685-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40729-026-00685-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Surface wettability is a key factor in bonding of dental materials. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different exposure times of cold atmospheric pressure plasma at constant power on the surface wettability of various dental materials employed in implantology, using the \"Piezo-Brush^®\" PZ3 cold atmospheric pressure plasma device.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-five standardized specimens made of titanium alloy, zirconia, lithium disilicate and polymer-infiltrated hybrid ceramic network were manufactured and polished. Specimens of each material were divided into 5 groups (each n = 15). Four groups were cold atmospheric pressure plasma treated for 5, 10, 20, 30 s and compared to the untreated control group. Surface wettability was assessed by measuring the contact angle of distilled water using a goniometer. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean contact angle was significantly reduced by 60-80% after 5 s of cold atmospheric pressure plasma treatment for all investigated materials (p < 0.001). Prolonged cold atmospheric pressure plasma exposure resulted in further reduction in mean contact angle values for titanium at each additional treatment duration (p < 0.001), whereas for lithium disilicate a reduction was observed only up to 10 s. For zirconia and polymer-infiltrated hybrid ceramic network, no further reduction in contact angle was observed beyond 5 s of cold atmospheric pressure plasma treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cold atmospheric pressure plasma treatment significantly increases surface wettability after short exposure times. Within the limitations of this study, these findings may indicate a potential improvement in adhesion behavior. However, under the plasma parameters applied, extending treatment beyond 5 s for zirconia and polymer-infiltrated hybrid ceramic network or beyond 10 s for titanium and lithium disilicate did not result in further reduction of contact angle. The clinical relevance of these findings requires further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14076,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Implant Dentistry","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of scanning errors on the trueness of digital implant impressions.","authors":"Ragai-Edward Matta, Constantin Motel, Werner Adler, Manfred Wichmann, Felix Förtsch","doi":"10.1186/s40729-026-00684-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40729-026-00684-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In dentistry, digital technologies have become firmly established in the field of oral implantology. The trueness of impressions taken using intraoral scanners as part of the digital workflow has a direct influence on the accuracy of fit of the subsequent restoration. Therefore, this in-vitro study investigates the influence of possible scanning errors on the trueness of digital implant impressions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A standardized titanium model of a maxillary alveolar ridge with three bone-level implants was digitized with two different scan body systems (Medentika and NT-Training) using an industrial high-precision scanner to generate the virtual reference models. Subsequently, three different modifications, including two different gingival heights and artificially created defects, were each digitized 15 times using two different intraoral scanners (Primescan and Trios 4) with both scan body systems. The digitized scan bodies were then matched with the scan body analogs in the Exocad software to generate the virtual working models. Trueness was examined by superimposing the virtual working models with the corresponding virtual reference model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All scanning errors evaluated resulted in significantly higher deviations. Across all groups, the trueness decreased with increasing gingival height. The best results (30 ± 15 μm) were attained when scanning at the lower gingival height. The largest discrepancy (178 ± 63 μm) was found when impressions of the higher gingival height were taken.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the process of taking digital implant impressions, it is essential to maximize the exposure of the scan bodies. Furthermore, it is imperative to minimize defects in order to achieve optimal outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14076,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Implant Dentistry","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13125449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of reference body position on linear and 3D accuracy of intraoral scans.","authors":"Alexander Schmidt, Haoyu Liu, Bernd Wöstmann, Maximiliane Amelie Schlenz","doi":"10.1186/s40729-026-00686-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40729-026-00686-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Intraoral scanners (IOS) are widely used in digital implant workflows, and their accuracy is typically evaluated in vitro using reference bodies to establish a coordinate system. While the impact of scanning strategy and evaluation methods on accuracy is well documented, the potential effect of the spatial position of the reference body itself on measured transfer accuracy has not been systematically investigated yet. This study aimed to evaluate whether the position of a reference body within a master model affects linear and three-dimensional (3D) accuracy outcomes of intraoral scan data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A partially edentulous maxillary implant master model with four implants (FDI #16, #14, #25, and #26) and two perpendicular cuboid-shaped reference bodies was scanned ten times each using Trios 4 and Primescan AC IOS. Each dataset was evaluated twice by aligning it either to reference body 1 (REF-1) or reference body 2 (REF-2), generating paired measurements from identical scans. Linear distances between implant-abutment interface points and 3D deviations from the reference bodies were calculated. Trueness and precision were assessed according to ISO 5725-1, and paired statistical comparisons were performed. Differences between REF-1 and REF-2 were evaluated by paired t-tests for trueness and variance-related tests for precision, with a significance level set at α = 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For both scanners, significant differences in trueness were observed between REF-1 and REF-2 for several linear distances and three-dimensional deviations (p < 0.05), despite identical scan datasets. Reference-dependent effects were more pronounced for three-dimensional deviations than for linear measurements. For selected distances, significant differences in precision were also detected (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The position of the reference body within a model significantly influences measured linear and 3D implant accuracy, independent of the IOS system used. Alignment reference position represents an independent source of systematic bias in digital accuracy assessments. These findings should be considered when designing, interpreting, and comparing accuracy studies in digital implant dentistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":14076,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Implant Dentistry","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13100075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of sinus crestal elevation with demineralized dentin matrix at the apex of the implants.","authors":"Jung-Hyun Kwon, Yesel Kim, In-Woong Um, Pil-Young Yun, Jeong-Kui Ku","doi":"10.1186/s40729-026-00681-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40729-026-00681-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study evaluated the clinical and radiographic outcomes of using demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) as a graft material at the implant apex during crestal sinus floor elevation. We hypothesized that DDM would promote predictable bone regeneration at the sinus floor and facilitate implant stability with minimal surgical morbidity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was performed on 55 implants placed with transcrestal sinus floor elevation and DDM grafting at the implant apex in the posterior maxilla. Radiographic outcomes were assessed with CBCT. The primary variable was vertical bone gain at the former sinus floor. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of implant protrusion length replaced by new bone (bone gain), implant survival, and sinus health. Pearson correlation and t-tests were used to analyze relationships between implant protrusion length, sinus width, and bone gain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 55 implants remained functional and osseointegrated after a mean follow-up of 48.1 ± 32.7 months, yielding a 100% survival rate. The mean implant protrusion into the sinus was 3.42 ± 1.27 mm, and mean bone gain at the sinus floor was 1.97 ± 1.18 mm. On average, 61.5% of the protruded implant length was covered by new bone. Implants protruding ≥ 4 mm showed significantly greater absolute bone gain than those < 4 mm (2.50 vs. 1.65 mm, p = 0.04), although the bone fill percentage was similar between groups. Implants in narrower sinuses exhibited higher bone fill (77.8% vs. 46.8%, p < 0.01) and greater bone gain than those in wider sinuses. No significant sinus complications or graft failures occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within the limitations of this retrospective study, crestal sinus elevation with DDM grafting at the implant apex proved to be a safe and effective minimally invasive technique, consistently yielding bone regeneration and excellent implant survival in the posterior maxilla.</p>","PeriodicalId":14076,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Implant Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13230351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of coronal implant neck flutes on early peri-implant osteogenesis and stability.","authors":"Ziqi Xie, Toru Ogawa, Kenta Shobara, Nobuhiro Yoda","doi":"10.1186/s40729-026-00674-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40729-026-00674-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Limited research has investigated how implant neck flute design influences early peri-implant osteogenesis and implant stability in vivo. This study evaluated the effects of different neck flute designs on peri-implant bone healing and osseointegration in rat tibiae.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three types of custom-made implants (13 mm total length, 8 mm screw part, 2 mm diameter) were used: Type A (4 coronal flutes, 1.50 mm length, 0.2 mm notch radius, 0.20 mm depth), Type B (4 coronal flutes, 1.50 mm length, 0.5 mm notch radius, 0.20 mm depth), and Type C (no coronal flutes). The implants were bilaterally inserted into the tibiae of 21 male Wistar rats. After 4 weeks of healing, removal torque testing, micro-computed tomography, histological, and histomorphometric assessments were performed to evaluate osseointegration and the quality and quantity of the peri-implant bone. The assessments included the relative gray value (RGV; water = 0, implant = 100), bone-to-implant contact (BIC), and peri-implant bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Removal torque tests demonstrated significant differences among implant types, with Type A and Type B implants exhibiting higher values than Type C. The RGV revealed no significant differences among groups. Histomorphometric analysis revealed no significant differences among groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The coronal flute design was associated with improved implant stability and osseointegration compared to non-fluted implants. This suggests that neck flute designs may enhance early peri-implant osseointegration and stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":14076,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Implant Dentistry","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13090460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147716652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of implant neck design on peri-implant tissue conditions: a narrative review.","authors":"Ziqi Xie, Sara Reda Sammour, Toru Ogawa, Nobuhiro Yoda","doi":"10.1186/s40729-026-00683-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40729-026-00683-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The neck design of dental implants, which is crucial for the long-term health of the surrounding periodontal tissue, affects both the marginal bone preservation and soft tissue integration. This narrative review investigates various approaches for implant neck design, including macroscopic contour profiles (straight, divergent, convergent, scalloped, sloped, and triangular), surface texture modifications (microthreaded, roughened, and machined collars), and platform switching.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A narrative literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to July 2025. Studies examining implant neck geometry, surface characteristics, or their mechanical and biological relevance were included. Evidence from finite element analyses, preclinical studies, clinical investigations, and systematic reviews or meta-analyses was qualitatively synthesized for comparing the implant neck designs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Finite-element analyses and clinical trials have indicated that divergent and convergent necks exhibit better biomechanics than traditional straight-neck designs. Sloped and triangular designs can adapt to the ridge shape, thus improving soft tissue appearance. Microthreaded and roughened collars may optimize stress distribution and promote osseointegration; however, certain concerns, such as the risk of bacterial colonization, exist. Platform switching has demonstrated consistent benefits in reducing crestal bone loss, particularly in the esthetic zones and immediate placement protocols. However, the overall evidence remains heterogeneous across studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review highlights the need to shift from a design-centric to an indication-oriented strategy. Instead of relying solely on the manufacturer's claims, neck designs should be altered based on specific factors such as tissue morphology, esthetic considerations, hygiene accessibility, and load protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":14076,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Implant Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13194808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147689452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Evaluation of the composite materials mixed with calcium phosphate cement and β-tricalcium phosphate granules.","authors":"Eri Yumoto, Hironori Sakai, Yang Liu, Jianping Liu, Ryo Okaniwa, Ryo Kajihara, Hirokazu Tanaka, Hiroshi Kurita","doi":"10.1186/s40729-026-00677-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40729-026-00677-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14076,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Implant Dentistry","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13057084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147627723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peri-implant tissue response to three implants engaging retained roots: a histologic report in the pig mandible.","authors":"Serge Szmukler-Moncler, Roni Kolerman, Nirit Tagger-Green, Florian Beuer, Stefan Milicescu","doi":"10.1186/s40729-026-00676-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40729-026-00676-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The biological response of dental tissues to implants placed in contact with retained roots is poorly documented. The aim of this report is to describe the histological findings of three implants that inadvertently engaged inflammation-free retained root fragments during placement and were retrieved after 10 and 12 weeks of healing in the pig mandible.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Three implants were retrieved from a preclinical pig model in which fractured root remnants were inadvertently left in situ following tooth extraction; implants were placed after a three-month healing period and were harvested after 10 and 12 weeks. Histological evaluation was carried out using optical microscopy, polarized light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to characterize the tissue responses at the implant-root interface. Three configurations of implant-root contact were identified: (1) an implant fully embedded within a retained root composed of dentin and osteodentin; (2) an implant presenting apical contact with a retained root; and (3) an implant apex engaging fractured-root debris.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The implant fully embedded within the retained root exhibited uninterrupted contact with dentin and osteodentin, with no intervening soft-tissue layer. Areas of tight implant-dentin apposition were devoid of cellular activity; conversely, in regions where microgaps or interfacial space were present, osteodentin showed active modeling and remodeling along the implant surface. In the second and third samples, osseointegration was observed along the implant body in contact with bone despite the presence of apical contact with residual root tissues. Newly formed osteodentin was intimately adapted to the implant apex, whereas the periodontal ligament that persisted did not extend appreciably onto the implant surface.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This preclinical report describes the histological response to three implants in contact with non-infected retained roots. In two specimens with partial root contact, bone was present at the interface and osseointegration was observed. In all three specimens, newly formed osteodentin was present at the implant interface, with evidence of early modeling and remodeling. Further controlled investigations are required to confirm these observations and to assess their reproducibility and broader biological relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14076,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Implant Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13069051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147623017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peri-implant marginal bone topography at the uncover stage: a classification proposal and retrospective observational study.","authors":"Karen Villarreal-Arizpe, I-Ching Wang, Priyanka Pitchumani, Oscar Durán-Garnica, Hsun-Liang Chan","doi":"10.1186/s40729-026-00675-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40729-026-00675-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most studies have examined early crestal bone loss/remodeling on radiographs after the first year of loading and subsequent late bone loss. Limited research has investigated the patterns of bone remodeling in 360 degrees during the initial stages of implant healing. This study aimed to classify peri-implant marginal bone remodeling patterns at the implant uncovering stage. A total of 74 patients with 106 implants were included. At uncovering stage under an operating microscope, peri-implant bone conditions were recorded and categorized into four types: Type 1A (facial or lingual remodeling ≤ 2 mm with intact interproximal bone), Type 1B (facial or lingual remodeling ≤ 2 mm with interproximal remodeling ≤ 2 mm), Type 2 (circumferential remodeling ≤ 2 mm), and Type 3 (bone remodeling > 2 mm at any site). Results showed that 43% of implants exhibited no bones loss, while 57% presented various degree of bone remodeling, of which 58% Type 1A, 18% Type 1B, 17% Type 2, and 7% Type 3 in this specific cohort. Multinomial logistic regression identified ridge preservation history, simultaneous guided bone regeneration, and age as significant predictors of the bone remodeling variations. This new classification provides a framework for assessing early bone remodeling pattern and could serve as a foundation for future studies exploring the relationship between early remodeling, peri-implantitis risk, and long-term implant outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14076,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Implant Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13187071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147623003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}