International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Before Targeting Narcissistic Traits in Youth With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Developmental Aggression Assessment","authors":"Yang-Chuan Fan, Lien-Chung Wei","doi":"10.1002/jdn.70165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jdn.70165","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"86 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Macroglial Cell Organization and Proximity to Blood Vessels During Postnatal Development","authors":"Naomie Guille,&nbsp;Héloïse Monnet,&nbsp;Tristan Hourcade,&nbsp;Philippe Mailly,&nbsp;Martine Cohen-Salmon,&nbsp;Anne-Cécile Boulay","doi":"10.1002/jdn.70161","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jdn.70161","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Brain cortical development results from the proliferation, differentiation, migration and maturation of many cell types. While neuronal development is well characterized, the mechanisms regulating macroglial cells (oligodendrocytes and astrocytes) development remain largely unknown. Recent works suggest that the vascular system plays a key, yet underevaluated role in this process. In this study, we investigated the spatial organization of macroglial cells within the parenchyma and relative to blood vessels. Using immunolabelling for Sry-box transcription factor (Sox) 9 (macroglial progenitors and astrocytes) and Sox10 (oligodendrocyte lineage), we determined macroglia density, distribution and proximity to blood vessels from postnatal day (P) 1 to P60 in the somatosensory cortex. We showed that Sox9+ cells were evenly distributed across cortical layers with regular intercellular spacing. In contrast, Sox10+ cells concentrated in deeper cortical layers and exhibited a random distribution. Vascular density and branching increased markedly between P5 and P15, and macroglial cells were closer to blood vessels from P15 onward. We investigated possible alteration of astrocyte distribution in the cortex of MLC1-deficient mice, a model of megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts, in which astrocyte perivascular coverage is altered. No difference with the control condition was found both in young and adult mice, either in the density, distribution or distance to blood vessels. Altogether, we revealed distinct distribution and postnatal development patterns for astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the brain and in relation to the vasculature.</p>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"86 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jdn.70161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148602579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creatine Deficiency Syndromes: Clinical Spectrum, Neuroimaging Features and Treatment Response","authors":"Ezgi Burgac,&nbsp;Merve Yoldaş Çelik,&nbsp;Fatma Derya Bulut,&nbsp;İrem Kaplan,&nbsp;Burcu Köseci,&nbsp;Esra Kara,&nbsp;Nazmiye Tüzel Gündüz,&nbsp;Gülen Gül Mert,&nbsp;Ömer Kaya,&nbsp;Deniz Kor,&nbsp;Neslihan Önenli Mungan","doi":"10.1002/jdn.70163","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jdn.70163","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Creatine deficiency syndromes (CDS) are rare inborn errors of creatine biosynthesis or transport, predominantly affecting the central nervous system. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical features, neuroimaging findings, cardiac involvement and treatment outcomes of patients with CDS, while also increasing awareness of CDS in the differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and developmental delay.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients diagnosed with CDS and followed at the Pediatric Metabolism Departments of Çukurova University and Adana City Hospital between 2014 and 2024 were retrospectively analysed. Demographic data, age at symptom onset and diagnosis, clinical findings, laboratory results, brain magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, genetic analyses, cardiological evaluations and treatment outcomes were recorded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eight patients were included: two with arginine–glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) deficiency, four with guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency and two with creatine transporter deficiency (CTD). Developmental and speech delay were present in all patients. Seizures were observed in six patients and were controlled with antiepileptic therapy. Behavioural disorders, including autistic features, were detected in five patients. Brain MRS revealed reduced cerebral creatine peaks in evaluated patients. Cardiac evaluations showed no abnormalities in any patient. Follow-up MRS performed after treatment initiation in six patients demonstrated a marked increase in cerebral creatine peaks in three patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CDS should be considered in patients with unexplained neurodevelopmental delay, epilepsy and autistic features. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are associated with improved outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"86 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148602603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of NR3C1 and COMT Genes on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Accompanying Aggressiveness: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Clinical Sample","authors":"Mert Kaan Kale,&nbsp;Öznur Bilaç,&nbsp;Muhammet Burak Batır,&nbsp;Fethi Sırrı Çam","doi":"10.1002/jdn.70162","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jdn.70162","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by developmentally inappropriate inattention, hyperactivity–impulsivity, increased distractibility and impairments in executive functioning and behavioural self-regulation. Aggressive behaviours and anger dysregulation are frequently observed across a range of psychiatric conditions, including ADHD and disruptive behaviour disorders, and have been hypothesized to reflect, in part, shared biological and genetic mechanisms. In this study, we investigated whether genetic variation in COMT and NR3C1 is associated with aggression-related phenotypes in youth with ADHD, including physical aggression, verbal aggression and hostility/resentment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The case group comprised 69 children and adolescents with ADHD and comorbid aggression, and the control group comprised 111 children and adolescents with ADHD without comorbid aggression. Parents completed a sociodemographic form, the LEVEL 2—Anger Scale (ages 6–17), and the Turgay DSM-IV Disruptive Behaviour Disorders Rating Scale. To evaluate psychiatric comorbidity and cognitive functioning, participants were assessed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children—Present and Lifetime Version and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Revised. Peripheral blood samples were obtained and analysed for COMT and NR3C1 genotype and allele frequencies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hostility/resentment was significantly associated with COMT genotypes (<i>p</i> = 0.037) and COMT allele distribution (<i>p</i> = 0.015). In addition, the presence of aggression was significantly associated with COMT allele distribution (<i>p</i> = 0.024). However, these statistically significant findings were no longer significant after advanced statistical analysis. In addition, no statistically significant associations were observed between NR3C1 variation and any aggression phenotype or hostility/resentment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings suggest that COMT-related genetic variation may be associated with aggression-related features in youth with ADHD, whereas no such association was observed for both COMT and NR3C1 in this sample with advanced statistical analysis. Further studies with larger samples and more refined phenotyping are warranted to clarify the genetic architecture underlying aggression in ADHD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"86 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148584336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DHCA-Net: A Novel Dual-Stream Hierarchical Channel Attention Network for Explainable Autism Spectrum Disorder Detection From Facial Images","authors":"Davinder Paul Singh,&nbsp;Tathagat Banerjee,&nbsp;Anand Deva Durai C,&nbsp;Shivam Mahendra Shukla,&nbsp;Prakash Gadipelli,&nbsp;Piyush Charan,&nbsp;Dheeraj Malhotra,&nbsp; Dharamvir,&nbsp;Ram Murat Singh,&nbsp;Yogendra Narayan,&nbsp;Vraj Patel,&nbsp;Ronak Panchal","doi":"10.1002/jdn.70158","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jdn.70158","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) consists of a spectrum of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by complex behavioural traits and subtle, atypical facial morphologies. Analysing these facial biomarkers provides a promising, non-invasive avenue for objective clinical screening, addressing the subjectivity of traditional diagnostic processes. Therefore, the present study aims to introduce DHCA-Net, a deep learning framework designed for automated ASD detection through the analysis of facial images. The proposed architecture uses different levels of attention and different adaptive tuning to advance discriminative learning. Specifically, DHCA-Net introduces three novel attention mechanisms to advance discriminative learning: a hierarchical channel module for spatial-semantic processing, a temporal-depth convolutional module for local contextual control and an inverted residual multi-core module for dynamic feature learning. An adaptive refinement step is also introduced to denoise clinical features. To bolster and diversify the classifier, the model exploits deep spatial and contextual resources via a multi-head feature fusion (MHFF) mechanism. We conducted extensive testing on a benchmark dataset comprising 2936 diverse, preprocessed facial images (86.4% train, 10.2% test, 3.4% validation splits). A comparative analysis evaluated DHCA-Net against architectures such as DenseNet, Xception, EfficientNet and Swin-Transformer. The proposed model achieved 93.7% classification accuracy, a 0.9365 F1 score and a 0.9887 AUC, demonstrating superior performance. Furthermore, the model maintains an efficient average inference latency of 70.14 ms despite its mid-to-high computational complexity. This explainable framework offers significant clinical applicability for scalable screening, though future work must address generalization across broader demographic populations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"86 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autistic Symptoms and Empathy in Adolescents With Disruptive Mood Dysregulation and Those With Bipolar Disorders","authors":"Gonca Özyurt,&nbsp;Burak Baykara,&nbsp;Ali Evren Tufan,&nbsp;Yusuf Öztürk,&nbsp;İmge Mercanoğlu,&nbsp;Ezgi Karagöz Tanıgör,&nbsp;Sevay Alşen Güney,&nbsp;Aynur Akay,&nbsp;Neslihan İnal,&nbsp;Rasim Somer Diler","doi":"10.1002/jdn.70159","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jdn.70159","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of the present study is to compare autistic symptoms and empathy of adolescents aged 12–18 years with bipolar disorder (BPSD) and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) to healthy adolescents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, 21 adolescents diagnosed with BPSD, 21 adolescents diagnosed with DMDD and 21 healthy adolescents similar in age and gender were included. Autistic symptoms were evaluated using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), and empathy was evaluated with the KA-SI Empathic Tendency Scale for Children and Adolescents (KA-SI ETS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant differences were detected among the groups in ADI-R and SCQ, and healthy adolescents received statistically significantly lower scores. Empathy skills of healthy adolescents were evaluated as better than those in the BPSD and DMDD groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In our study, it was shown that young people with a diagnosis of DMDD had more difficulties in empathy skills, and they had more autistic symptoms than young people with BPSD and healthy adolescents. Providing support in terms of these empathy skills and evaluation of autistic symptoms in the treatment of young people diagnosed with BPSD and DMDD may affect both the psychosocial functionality of the cases and the course of the disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"86 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148420975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is It Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome Symptoms or Family Context? The Relationship Between Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome Symptoms in Children and Maternal Social Avoidance","authors":"Mutlu Muhammed Özbek,&nbsp;Remzi Ogulcan Çıray,&nbsp;Ekin Atay,&nbsp;Doğa Sevinçok,&nbsp;Hasan Can Özbay,&nbsp;Mehmet Akif Cansız","doi":"10.1002/jdn.70160","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jdn.70160","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background/Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS), formerly known as sluggish cognitive tempo, is characterized by excessive daydreaming, mental fogginess, slowed behaviour and low initiative. In addition to attentional difficulties, CDS has been linked to social withdrawal and internalizing symptoms. This study examined the association between maternal social anxiety symptoms and CDS severity in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), while also considering maternal depressive symptoms and child ADHD symptom dimensions.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This cross-sectional study included 116 children and adolescents aged 6–18 years diagnosed with ADHD and their mothers. ADHD was diagnosed according to the &lt;i&gt;Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition&lt;/i&gt;, and confirmed using the &lt;i&gt;Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children—Present and Lifetime Version&lt;/i&gt;. Participants with psychiatric comorbidity were excluded. CDS symptoms were assessed using the Barkley Child Attention Scale, and participants were classified into high-CDS (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 54) and low-CDS (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 62) groups based on a cut-off score of 23. Maternal depressive symptoms were measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and maternal social anxiety symptoms were assessed with the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Group comparisons, Spearman correlation analyses and multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The mean age of the sample was 13.59 years, and 50.0% of participants were boys. Compared with the low-CDS group, the high-CDS group had significantly higher inattentiveness scores (13.87 vs. 11.68, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and lower hyperactivity/impulsivity scores (12.59 vs. 13.76, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.022). Mothers of children in the high-CDS group had significantly higher Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale avoidance scores (40.76 vs. 35.21) and total scores (79.61 vs. 70.59). In the high-CDS group, CDS scores were positively correlated with inattentiveness (&lt;i&gt;rho&lt;/i&gt; = 0.39, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01), maternal social anxiety total score (&lt;i&gt;rho&lt;/i&gt; = 0.45, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01) and maternal depressive symptoms (&lt;i&gt;rho&lt;/i&gt; = 0.40, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01). In multivariable linear regression, inattentiveness (&lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt; = 0.823, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002) and maternal social anxiety total score (&lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt; = 0.095, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002) independently predicted CDS severity (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt;[4,49] = 9.111, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001, &lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.427).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"86 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148420986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Autism Spectrum Disorder Detection Using Adaptive Fused Spatial–Temporal Graph Convolutional Network Optimized With Artificial Lemming Algorithm","authors":"Alphonsa Mandla,&nbsp;Chilukala Mahender Reddy,&nbsp;Goli Himabindu,&nbsp;Deepthi Reddy Dasari,&nbsp;Mungara Kiran Kumar","doi":"10.1002/jdn.70146","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jdn.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by diversity of behavioural abnormalities, and successful intervention depends on an early diagnosis. Conventional diagnostic techniques depend on interviews and observational evaluations, which can occasionally result in errors. In order to enhance the accuracy of ASD recognition, we propose an early ASD detection using Adaptive Fused Spatial–Temporal Graph Convolutional Network Optimized with Artificial Lemming Algorithm (AFSTGCN-ALA). Initially, ASD-related data are collected from ASD Dataset and Adaptive Fast Desensitized Kalman Filter (AFDKF) preprocessing; it effectively eliminates impulsive noise to enhance the accuracy of the data. The Multi-Synchro Squeezing Transform (MSST) is then used to extract features from the preprocessed data, such as connections and frequency band coherence. To differentiate between instances with and without ASD, these extracted traits are then categorized using the AFSTGCN. However, adaptive optimization for parameter tweaking is absent from traditional AFSTGCN, which might affect the accuracy of detection. In order to solve this, the ALA was introduced, which optimizes the weight parameters of AFSTGCN to guarantee correct ASD categorization. The proposed AFSTGCN-ALA model is evaluated using performance criteria such as compute time, F1-score, accuracy and precision. According to experimental data, the suggested technique outperforms current approaches in terms of accuracy by 18.97%, 24.57% and 32.68% while cutting down on computing time by 19.84%, 24.93% and 31.62%. These results open the door to more accurate diagnosis and prompt therapies by demonstrating the effectiveness and dependability of AFSTGCN-ALA for early ASD identification.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"86 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148411649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic Convergence in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Synaptic, Immune-Glial and RNA-Regulatory Axes in the Human Cerebral Cortex","authors":"Ruslan Kurmashev","doi":"10.1002/jdn.70157","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jdn.70157","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) arises from highly heterogeneous genetic and developmental liabilities, raising the question of whether this heterogeneity converges on shared molecular programmes in the human cerebral cortex. This structured review, based on systematic database searching and narrative synthesis, examined that question specifically in human post-mortem cortical transcriptomic studies. PubMed, Scopus and Europe PMC were searched from 1 January 2009 to 6 May 2026, and 43 studies met the final eligibility criteria. Across the available literature, the evidence does not support a single invariant cortical transcriptomic signature in ASD. Rather, the most consistent signal indicates non-uniform convergence on reduced neuronal and synaptic expression together with increased immune-glial programmes. A substantial additional body of evidence implicates dysregulation of transcript-regulatory processes, particularly in studies interrogating alternative splicing and related RNA-processing mechanisms. Cell-resolved datasets further suggest that these abnormalities are concentrated within defined neuronal and glial populations rather than being distributed uniformly across the cortex. By contrast, mitochondrial and broader metabolic alterations are supported less consistently and are better interpreted as conditional or secondary features of cortical pathology than as equally well-established core axes. Interpretation of these findings is constrained by the structure of the evidence base itself. Only 9 of the 43 included studies were judged to provide direct support for the central convergence question, and only 13 were based on primary independent cohorts; much of the literature relies on dataset reuse, regionally restricted sampling and heterogeneous analytical platforms. Collectively, human cortical transcriptomic studies in ASD support a model of partial, context-dependent convergence on a limited set of biological programmes, rather than a single stable molecular lesion.</p>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"86 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jdn.70157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148411728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abscisic Acid Enhances Hippocampal Neuroplasticity and Rescues Learning and Memory Deficits in a Valproate-Induced Rat Model of Autism","authors":"Nikta Doustdar_Sanaye,&nbsp;Mehdi Abbasnejad,&nbsp;Razieh Kooshki,&nbsp;Saeed Esmaeili_Mahani,&nbsp;Ali Mohammad Pourrahimi","doi":"10.1002/jdn.70156","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jdn.70156","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated the possible protective effects of abscisic acid (ABA), a naturally occurring phytohormone with incipient neuromodulatory properties, to alleviate cognitive and neurological alterations in a valproate (VPA)-induced rat model of autism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ABA was injected intra-CA1 hippocampal (0.5, 1, 1.5 μg/rat) in both VPA-exposed and control rats. Spatial learning and memory retention was validated by Morris water maze (MWM). Additionally, hippocampal levels of oxidative stress biomarkers—hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA)—were quantified. The expression of key neuroplasticity-related genes (BDNF, TrkB, PI3K and AKT) was also evaluated via real-time PCR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>VPA-exposed rats exhibited significant deficits in learning and memory, alongside elevated hippocampal oxidative stress and downregulation of BDNF/TrkB and PI3K/AKT signalling. ABA treatment dose-dependently reversed learning and memory impairments. Moreover, ABA (1.5 μg/rat) significantly reduced H₂O₂ and MDA levels and restored the gene expression of BDNF, TrkB, PI3K and AKT in the hippocampus, indicating coordinated enhancement of antioxidant defences and neurotrophic transcriptional activity. However, ABA's efficiency in improving these responses was completely blocked by nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, and chelerythrine, a PKC inhibitor.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, our results highlight the promising potential of ABA as a treatment for ASD while emphasising the necessity for more research to entirely elucidate its underlying mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"86 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148404620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}