International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Empathy-Like Behaviour in Valproic Acid–Induced Rat Model of Autism","authors":"Süeda Tunçak,&nbsp;Bülent Gören,&nbsp;Tayfun Uzbay,&nbsp;Pınar Öz","doi":"10.1002/jdn.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jdn.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prenatal VPA exposure is used to model ASD-like symptoms. Disrupted empathy is frequently observed in individuals with ASD, but empathy-like behaviour is not well documented in animal models. Pregnant Wistar Albino rats were administered either 400 mg/kg VPA or saline i.p. on E12.5. Empathy-like behaviour was assessed at P30 and P60 in both female and male offspring, who were also tested for olfactory discrimination, sociability, locomotor activity, and pre-pulse inhibition. Prenatal exposure to VPA significantly impaired empathy-like behaviour, as measured by the duration of time the subject spent with its sibling and the frequency of attempts to open the restrainer door. When P30 and P60 results were compared within groups, a developmental arrest in empathy-like behaviour was observed in the VPA group, whereas the control group showed improvement in their scores. Prenatal exposure to VPA also resulted in significantly decreased sociability and pre-pulse inhibition rates. In this study, an adapted version for measuring empathy-like behaviour has been proposed. This version involved a restrained sibling and no prior training, allowing the measurement to be independent of learning, memory, and stranger anxiety. The results show that VPA has negative effects on social development and is a valid tool for modelling ASD in both females and males.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"85 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to ‘Investigation of Neuronal–Astroglial Injury Proteins and MMP-9 Serum Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Relationship With Autistic Regression","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jdn.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jdn.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Devecioğlu, H.</span>, <span>Tan, Ç.</span>, <span>Mısır, E.</span>, <span>Esen, H.</span>, <span>Özbek, B.</span> and <span>Kültür, S.</span> (<span>2025</span>), <span>Investigation of Neuronal–Astroglial Injury Proteins and MMP-9 Serum Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Relationship With Autistic Regression</span>. <i>International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience</i>, <span>85</span>: e70005. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdn.70005.\u0000 </p><p>The department of one of the authors, Sadriye Ebru Çengel Kültür, has been incorrectly stated. It should be ‘Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey’.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"85 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jdn.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Valproic Acid and Maternal Deprivation on Autism-Like Behaviours and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Female and Male Rats","authors":"Sara Sheibani Tezerji,&nbsp;Hossein Jonaidi,&nbsp;Vahid Sheibani,&nbsp;Amirhossein Moslemizadeh,&nbsp;Shahrzad Azizi,&nbsp;Maryam Dalili,&nbsp;Hamideh Bashiri,&nbsp;Sedigheh Amiresmaili","doi":"10.1002/jdn.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jdn.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent social communication deficits and restricted, repetitive behaviours, with significant overlap in anxiety-related symptoms. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of ASD, with early-life stressors, such as maternal separation (MS), and exposure to neurotoxic agents, like valproic acid (VPA), being key environmental contributors. This study investigates the combined impact of maternal deprivation (MD) and postnatal VPA exposure on autism-like behaviours and neurodevelopmental outcomes in male and female rats. Rats exposed to MD from postnatal days 2 to 4 exhibited significant changes in social interaction and anxiety-like behaviours, with female rats being more sensitive to MD than males. Postnatal VPA exposure resulted in similar behavioural alterations, including increased anxiety and social impairment, aligning with previous findings of VPA-induced neurodevelopmental deficits. A combination of MD and VPA exposure exacerbated anxiety-like behaviours in females, indicating that early-life stress and environmental toxins can synergistically affect neurodevelopment. Our results further suggest that the impact of these exposures may differ between sexes, with females showing heightened sensitivity to both MD and VPA-induced stress. These findings provide valuable insights into the complex interactions between genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors in ASD pathophysiology. The study underscores the critical role of early-life stressors, such as MD, in exacerbating neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly when combined with neurotoxic environmental factors like VPA. The sex-specific differences observed in behavioural outcomes suggest the importance of considering biological sex in future ASD research and therapeutic strategies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Evaluation of Neuronal PARP-1 and Caspase-3 Levels in the Brain Tissue of Female Rats Exposed to Electromagnetic Fields at Different Gestational Stages","authors":"Kıymet Kübra Tüfekci,&nbsp;Musa Tatar,&nbsp;Abdalla Ahmed Eldaw Elamin,&nbsp;Süleyman Kaplan","doi":"10.1002/jdn.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jdn.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Foetal exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) may cause marked neurocognitive impairment, although the mechanisms involved are still unclear. EMF induces region-specific neuronal and astroglial death in the rat hippocampus. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) regulates necrosis, apoptosis and other cellular processes occurring following injury. This study, therefore, investigated whether PARP-1 also regulates neuronal responses in the hippocampus of rats subjected to EMF radiation during different developmental periods. Male and female rats were first allowed to mate in separate cages. Rats identified as pregnant were then divided into four groups. A 900-MHz EMF was applied for 2 h daily on gestational days (GD) 1–7, GD 8–14 and GD 15–21. The female offspring were sacrificed at the end of the 28th postnatal day, and PARP-1 and Caspase-3 expressions in the hippocampus were then evaluated. No special treatment was applied to the control group. In the EMF-exposed group, pyramidal neurons in the cornu ammonis (CA) region appeared normal after exposure on GD 1–7 but were darkly stained and shrunken after exposure on GD 15–21, while the majority of granular cells exhibited a normal appearance during all GDs. The group exposed to EMF on GD 15–21 exhibited strong PARP-1 and Caspase-3 immune reactivity in CA and dentate gyrus (DG) cells. Higher H-scores were also observed in the EMF-exposed group following GD 15–21 irradiation. As a result, a 900-MHz EMF application at GD 15–21, which coincides with hippocampal neurogenesis, triggered hippocampal neuron cell death by activating PARP-1 and Caspase-3.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143431703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of β-Catenin Signalling Activity Suggests Differential Regulation of Ontogenetically Distinct Dentate Granule Neuron Populations","authors":"Charlotte Billmann,&nbsp;Iris Schäffner,&nbsp;Jana Heppt,&nbsp;D. Chichung Lie","doi":"10.1002/jdn.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jdn.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In mammals, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is one of the few regions where neurogenesis continues throughout life. As a result, the dentate gyrus harbours neurons of ontogenetically different origin. Notably, ontogenetically different dentate granule neurons (DGNs) are morphologically distinct and fulfil specialized functions in hippocampal information processing and plasticity. Development of adult-born DGNs is tightly controlled by signals released by the complex cellular environment of the adult dentate gyrus. In mice, an adult-like cytoarchitecture of the dentate gyrus is observed only after postnatal Week 2. The question therefore arises when the signalling environment controlling adult neurogenesis is established and whether development of ontogenetically distinct DGNs is subject to the same regulatory pathways. Here, we analyse BATGAL reporter mice to determine the temporal development of β-catenin-signalling activity in the murine DGN lineage. We show that the β-catenin-signalling pattern, which is essential for precise dendritogenesis and neuronal maturation in adulthood, emerges only around 2 weeks after birth and continues to be refined over the next weeks. These results indicate that the signalling environment controlling adult neurogenesis is only gradually established and suggest that the development of ontogenetically distinct DGNs is controlled by different mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jdn.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143431701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Neuronal–Astroglial Injury Proteins and MMP-9 Serum Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Relationship With Autistic Regression","authors":"Huriye Berna Devecioğlu,&nbsp;Çağman Tan,&nbsp;Ekin Günal Mısır,&nbsp;Halime Tuna Çak Esen,&nbsp;Begüm Özbek,&nbsp;Sadriye Ebru Çengel Kültür","doi":"10.1002/jdn.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jdn.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study compared serum levels of S100B, GFAP, UCHL-1, NF-H and MMP-9 between children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and controls, focusing on their association with regression in ASD. We hypothesized that neuroinflammation and neuronal/astroglial damage markers would be higher in the ASD group than in controls and even more elevated in the regressive ASD subgroup compared to the non-regressive subgroup.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 50 children with ASD (ages 4–10) and 30 healthy children. Participants underwent the K-SADS-PL diagnostic interview, CARS, a semi-structured interview for regression, ABC, AuBC, CPRS-RS and SRS assessments. Serum levels of S100B, GFAP, UCHL-1, NF-H and MMP-9 were measured using flow cytometry and ELISA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum levels of S100B, GFAP, UCHL-1, NF-H and MMP-9 showed no significant differences between the ASD and control groups. Within the ASD group, no notable differences were found in sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, or serum marker levels between those with and without regression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings obtained in this study suggested that it is necessary to question whether the peripheral circulation can represent changes in central nervous system and to review the existence of autistic regression as a separate entity in ASD in terms of clinical features and etiopathogenesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Neurocognitive Deficits Associated With Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children due to COVID-19?","authors":"Kalliopi Megari,&nbsp;Evanthia Thomaidou,&nbsp;Maria Eleni Palioura,&nbsp;Stelios Parasxiakos,&nbsp;Aglaia Skoutara,&nbsp;Panagiota Stougioude,&nbsp;Maria Theodoratou,&nbsp;Maria Sofologi,&nbsp;Efthymia Efthymiou,&nbsp;Soultana Papadopoulou,&nbsp;Dimitra V. Katsarou","doi":"10.1002/jdn.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jdn.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children with gastrointestinal symptoms due to COVID-19 may experience neurocognitive deficits. Symptoms include difficulty in concentration, memory and other cognitive functions. The deficits could be caused by the virus itself or due to the physical and psychological stress of the pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we examined 65 children, 32 children with gastrointestinal symptoms, and we compared them to 33 children without gastrointestinal symptoms due to COVID-19, to investigate whether gastrointestinal symptoms affected neurocognitive status in children with COVID-19.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that there was a significant relationship between cognitive function and GI symptoms, as well as between cognitive function and the severity of these symptoms. This indicates that COVID-19 patients with GI symptoms may be at risk for developing problems with their memory and other aspects of cognition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early detection and intervention may help young children recover faster and return to their typical cognitive functioning.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network Analysis of Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety and Autism: Discrete but Connected","authors":"Vicki Bitsika,&nbsp;Christopher F. Sharpley,&nbsp;Kirstan A. Vessey,&nbsp;Ian D. Evans","doi":"10.1002/jdn.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jdn.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is comorbid with several major psychiatric disorders, primarily anxiety. Although a previous report of a network analysis of five anxiety subtypes and some ASD diagnostic criteria suggested that anxiety was not part of the ASD symptomatology, several methodological limitations challenge the conclusions reported there. To address those limitations and extend understanding of the association between ASD and anxiety, data on ASD symptomatology and the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) were collected from 150 autistic boys and their parents and were analysed via network analysis. Results indicated that, although the separation of GAD and ASD symptoms was generally confirmed, several connections were found between the two sets of symptoms, arguing for a more nuanced model of the association between these two disorders. These findings hold implications for the delivery of ‘precision-medicine’ treatment models for the treatment of anxiety in ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jdn.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Role of Maternal Separation in Depression, Anxiety,and Pain Behaviour: A Mini Review of Preclinical Research With Focus on Neuroinflammatory Pathways","authors":"Shima Mohammadi,&nbsp;Alieh Bashghareh,&nbsp;Leila Karimi-Zandi,&nbsp;Tahmineh Mokhtari","doi":"10.1002/jdn.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jdn.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Contact between mother and child is essential for the proper development of an infant's physiological systems, brain maturation and behavioural outcomes. Early life stress (ELS), which includes factors such as inadequate parental care and childhood abuse, significantly increases the risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression. This review examines the impact of maternal separation (MS) on depression, anxiety and pain behaviour, with a particular emphasis on neuroinflammatory pathways. Experiences of ELS can adversely affect the maturation of neurotransmitter systems and associated neural circuits that are crucial for processing painful stimuli and regulating anxiety and depression. Stressful experiences trigger inflammatory processes in the brain, initiating immune responses in neural cells and stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In mammals, MS serves as a significant stressor that activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and other stress-related systems, leading to increased immune challenges and heightened pain sensitivity in adulthood due to systemic inflammation. Key inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, play critical roles in the development of pathological pain, while the activation of microglia releases inflammatory mediators that contribute to neurological dysfunction and the pathophysiology of stress, depression and anxiety. Moreover, therapeutics targeting oxidative stress and inflammation have shown promise in alleviating affective disorders following MS. This review discusses potential pathways, with a primary focus on neuroinflammatory mechanisms and the therapeutic strategies that may mitigate the adverse effects of MS. There is a pressing need for further research to elucidate the underlying pathways and identify effective interventions to improve mental health outcomes in individuals affected by MS.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cuscuta epithymum extract affects epileptic offspring behaviour and weight after applying preconception immobility stress on parents","authors":"Narjes Khavasi,&nbsp;Leila Ghassemifard,&nbsp;Hajar Ramezanikhah,&nbsp;Saeed Sardari,&nbsp;Ehsan Saboory","doi":"10.1002/jdn.10405","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jdn.10405","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies have indicated a link between stress during pregnancy and stress reactivity in offspring. In this study, we investigated the effect of <i>Cuscuta epithymum</i> (CE) extract on seizure and body weight in offspring born to stressed parents (pre-pregnancy).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Male and female rats were randomly separated into four groups. Then, the animals were subjected to restraint stress once a day for 50 (male) and 15 (female) continuous days. At the same time, rats in the control and stress groups received normal saline while the other two groups received the CE extract. After the stress induction, the control and experimental rats were mated to create eight types of coupling combinations as follows: McFc, McFs, MsFc, MsFs, McFc + EX, McFs + EX, MsFc + EX and MsFs + EX (M, male; F, female; C, control; S, stress; EX, extract). Then, the pups were weighed on postnatal days (PND) 1, 15 and 25. They were also evaluated for pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure on PND 25.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results showed that prolonged parental exposure to stress led to a significant increase in the duration and number of tonic–clonic (TC) seizures, duration of standing on two legs, firmly clinging to the ground, number of head nodding, total score of seizure behaviours and duration of tail rigidity in offspring. Moreover, the onset of the first convulsive behaviour was accelerated. Furthermore, a significantly lower body weight was observed in pre-conceptionally stressed offspring. However, the CE extract significantly improved these symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It can be concluded that CE administration possibly improves the consequences of pre-pregnancy stress, as well as seizure behaviours and weight loss in pups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}