International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Differential effects of perigestational consumption of sucrose-sweetened beverages on anxiety and depression-related behaviors in adult offspring: Sex disparity in a mouse model","authors":"Minerva Ortiz-Valladares,&nbsp;Christian Peregrino-Ramírez,&nbsp;Ricardo Pedraza-Medina,&nbsp;Jorge Guzmán-Muñiz","doi":"10.1002/jdn.10347","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jdn.10347","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Consumption of sucrose-sweetened drinks (SSDs) during pregnancy and breastfeeding can lead to various health and metabolism issues, but the potential impact on neurodevelopment and long-term effects remains unclear. This study aims to examine how maternal consumption of SSDs during gestation and lactation influences anxiety and depression-related behavior in adult offspring. Adult female CD-1 mice were randomly assigned to a control group (CG) or a sucrose group (SG) 2 weeks before gestation. The SG had 2 h of access to an SSD (15% w/w, 0.6 kcal/ml) for 2 weeks before mating, during pregnancy, and throughout lactation, totaling 8 weeks. Adult offspring were then evaluated for depressive-related behaviors and anxiety-related behaviors. Our findings reveal that perigestational consumption of SSDs does not lead to offspring presenting behaviors related to depression, but it does increase swimming behavior. However, maternal consumption of SSDs could impact the fighting response due to a diminished motivational component. In contrast, perigestational consumption of SSDs has apparent effects on anxiety-related behavior. Furthermore, female offspring appeared to be particularly vulnerable, exhibiting a higher anxiety index compared with controls. These findings indicate that females could be more vulnerable to the effects of maternal consumption of SSDs, being more susceptible to the presence of anxiety-related behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"84 5","pages":"434-445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141175113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation prevents learning and memory impairment induced by chronic ethanol consumption in adolescent male rats through restoration of inflammatory and oxidative responses","authors":"Murtaza Haidary,&nbsp;S. Mohammad Ahmadi-Soleimani,&nbsp;Mina Ghofraninezad,&nbsp;Hassan Azhdari-Zarmehri,&nbsp;Farimah Beheshti","doi":"10.1002/jdn.10336","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jdn.10336","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ethanol (Eth) intake is known to cause numerous detrimental effects on the structure and function of the brain, and it is commonly used as a psychostimulant drug by adolescents. Conversely, omega-3 (O₃) can reduce the risk of cognitive decline and promote the maintenance of neurophysiological functions. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of O₃ on behavioral alterations, oxidative stress, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels induced by chronic Eth intake during adolescence in rats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adolescent male rats (21 days old) were divided as follows: (1) Vehicle, (2) Eth (Eth in drinking water [20%]), (3–5) Eth + O₃ (50/100/150 mg/kg), and (6) O₃ (150 mg/kg). After 5 weeks, Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance (PA) tests were performed, and the hippocampal and cortical levels of oxidative stress markers and inflammatory indices were measured.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adolescent Eth intake impairs learning and memory function in MWM and PA tests (groups × day, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 and <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, respectively). It was shown that Eth induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. O₃ improved learning and impairment induced by Eth by reducing the adverse effects of Eth on the oxidant/antioxidant balance in the hippocampi (for malondialdehyde [MDA]/thiol: <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, respectively) and for superoxide dismutase (SOD)/catalase (CAT): <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01 and <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, we found that O₃ prevented the Eth-induced increase of hippocampal IL-6 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>O₃ supplementation acts as an effective approach to prevent learning and memory impairments induced by chronic Eth consumption during adolescence. In this respect, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of O₃ seem to be the main underlying mechanisms of neuroprotection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"84 5","pages":"423-433"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141156854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoration of hippocampal adult neurogenesis by CDRI-08 (Bacopa monnieri extract) relates with the recovery of BDNF–TrkB levels in male rats with moderate grade hepatic encephalopathy","authors":"Debasmit Mallick,&nbsp;Arup Acharjee,&nbsp;Papia Acharjee,&nbsp;Surendra Kumar Trigun","doi":"10.1002/jdn.10350","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jdn.10350","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Modulation of in vivo adult neurogenesis (AN) is an evolving concept in managing neurodegenerative diseases. CDRI-08, a bacoside-enriched fraction of <i>Bacopa monnieri</i>, has been demonstrated for its neuroprotective actions, but its effect on AN remains unexplored. This article describes the status of AN by monitoring neuronal stem cells (NSCs) proliferation, differentiation/maturation markers and BDNF–TrkB levels (NSCs signalling players) vs. the level of neurodegeneration and their modulations by CDRI-08 in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of male rats with moderate grade hepatic encephalopathy (MoHE). For NSC proliferation, 10 mg/kg b.w. 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered i.p. during the last 3 days, and for the NSC differentiation study, it was given during the first 3 days to the control, the MoHE (developed by 100 mg/kg b.w. of thioacetamide i.p. up to 10 days) and to the MoHE male rats co-treated with 350 mg/kg b.w. CDRI-08. Compared with the control rats, the hippocampus DG region of MoHE rats showed significant decreases in the number of Nestin⁺/BrdU⁺ and SOX2⁺/BrdU⁺ (proliferating) and DCX⁺/BrdU⁺ and NeuN⁺/BrdU⁺ (differentiating) NSCs. This was consistent with a similar decline in BDNF⁺/TrkB⁺ NSCs. However, all these NSC marker positive cells were observed to be recovered to their control levels, with a concordant restoration of total cell numbers in the DG of the CDRI-08-treated MoHE rats. The findings suggest that the restoration of hippocampal AN by CDRI-08 is consistent with the recovery of BDNF–TrkB-expressing NSCs in the MoHE rat model of neurodegeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"84 6","pages":"510-519"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141096942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreased gray matter volume in the anterior cerebellar of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbid oppositional defiant disorder children with associated cerebellar-cerebral hyperconnectivity: insights from a combined structural MRI and resting-state fMRI study","authors":"Xin Wang,&nbsp;Yan Guo,&nbsp;Jin Xu,&nbsp;Yong Xiao,&nbsp;Yigang Fu","doi":"10.1002/jdn.10349","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jdn.10349","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) are highly comorbid. Many prior investigations have found that ADHD relates to anatomical abnormalities in gray matter. The abnormal gray matter of ADHD comorbid ODD is still poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the effect of comorbid ODD on gray matter volume (GMV) and functional alterations in ADHD. All data were provided by the ADHD-200 Preprocessed Repository, including 27 ADHD-only children, 27 ADHD + ODD children, and 27 healthy controls aged 9–14 years. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and functional connectivity (FC) of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were used to compare the difference in GMV and FC between ADHD + ODD, ADHD-only, and healthy children. The results showed that ADHD children with comorbid ODD had a more significant reduction in cerebellar volume, mainly in the anterior regions of the cerebellum (Cerebellum_4_5). The Cerebellum_4_5 showed increased functional connectivity with multiple cortical regions. These brain regions include numerous executive functioning (EF) and brain default mode network (DMN) nodes. The GMV abnormalities and excessive connectivity between brain regions may further exacerbate the emotional and cognitive deficits associated with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"84 6","pages":"500-509"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141096940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of varying maternal dietary folate intake on cerebellar cortex histomorphology and cell density in offspring rats","authors":"Philip Maseghe Mwachaka,&nbsp;Peter Gichangi,&nbsp;Adel Abdelmalek,&nbsp;Paul Odula,&nbsp;Julius Ogeng'o","doi":"10.1002/jdn.10337","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jdn.10337","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cerebellum has a long, protracted developmental period that spans from the embryonic to postnatal periods; as a result, it is more sensitive to intrauterine and postnatal insults like nutritional deficiencies. Folate is crucial for foetal and early postnatal brain development; however, its effects on cerebellar growth and development are unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of maternal folate intake on the histomorphology and cell density of the developing cerebellum. Twelve adult female rats (<i>rattus norvegicus</i>) were randomly assigned to one of four premixed diet groups: standard (2 mg/kg), folate-deficient (0 mg/kg), folate-supplemented (8 mg/kg) or folate supra-supplemented (40 mg/kg). The rats started their diets 14 days before mating and consumed them throughout pregnancy and lactation. On postnatal days 1, 7, 21 and 35, five pups from each group were sacrificed, and their brains were processed for light microscopic analysis. Histomorphology and cell density of the external granule, molecular, Purkinje and internal granule layers were obtained. The folate-deficient diet group had smaller, dysmorphic cells and significantly lower densities of external granule, molecular, Purkinje and internal granule cells. Although the folate-enriched groups had greater cell densities than the controls, the folate-supplemented group had considerably higher cell densities than the supra-supplemented group. The folate supra-supplemented group had ectopic Purkinje cells in the internal granule cell layer. These findings imply that a folate-deficient diet impairs cellular growth and reduces cell density in the cerebellar cortex. On the other hand, folate supplementation increases cell densities, but there appears to be an optimal dose of supplementation since excessive folate levels may be detrimental.</p>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"84 5","pages":"406-422"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141074881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choline chloride shows gender-dependent positive effects on social deficits, learning/memory impairments, neuronal loss and neuroinflammation in the lipopolysaccharide-induced rat model of autism","authors":"Cansu Bilister Egilmez,&nbsp;Burcu Azak Pazarlar,&nbsp;Mumin Alper Erdogan,&nbsp;Yiğit Uyanikgil,&nbsp;Oytun Erbas","doi":"10.1002/jdn.10335","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jdn.10335","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The neuroprotective effects of choline chloride, an essential nutrient, a precursor for the acetylcholine and synthesis of membrane phospholipids, have been associated with neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Its contribution to autism spectrum disorder, a neurodevelopmental disorder, remains unknown. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of choline chloride on social behaviours, and histopathological and biochemical changes in a rat autism model. The autism model was induced by administration of 100 μg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the 10th day of gestation. Choline chloride treatment (100 mg/kg/day) was commenced on PN5 and maintained until PN50. Social deficits were assessed by three-chamber sociability, open field, and passive avoidance learning tests. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL) and IL-17, nerve growth factor (NGF), and glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) levels were measured to assess neuroinflammatory responses. In addition, the number of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression were evaluated. Social novelty and passive avoidance learning tests revealed significant differences in choline chloride-treated male rats compared with saline-treated groups. TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-17 were significantly decreased after choline chloride treatment in both males and females. NGF and GAD67 levels were unchanged in females, while there were significant differences in males. Histologically, significant changes in terms of gliosis were detected in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions and cerebellum in choline chloride-treated groups. The presence of ameliorative effects of choline chloride treatment on social behaviour and neuroinflammation through neuroinflammatory, neurotrophic, and neurotransmission pathways in a sex-dependent rat model of LPS-induced autism was demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"84 5","pages":"392-405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140891821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal immune stimulation results in sex-specific changes in ultrasonic vocalizations but does not affect seizure susceptibility in neonatal mice","authors":"Danielle Santana-Coelho,&nbsp;Zachary J. Pranske,&nbsp;Suzanne O. Nolan,&nbsp;Samantha L. Hodges,&nbsp;Matthew S. Binder,&nbsp;Paige D. Womble,&nbsp;David A. Narvaiz,&nbsp;Ilyasah Muhammad,&nbsp;Joaquin N. Lugo","doi":"10.1002/jdn.10333","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jdn.10333","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Neuroinflammation during the neonatal period has been linked to disorders such as autism and epilepsy. In this study, we investigated the early life behavioral consequences of a single injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at postnatal day 10 (PD10) in mice. To assess deficits in communication, we performed the isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) test at PD12. To determine if early life immune stimulus could alter seizure susceptibility, latency to flurothyl-induced generalized seizures was measured at 4 hours (hrs), 2 days, or 5 days after LPS injections. LPS had a sex-dependent effect on USV number. LPS-treated male mice presented significantly fewer USVs than LPS-treated female mice. However, the number of calls did not significantly differ between control and LPS for either sex. In male mice, we found that downward, short, and composite calls were significantly more prevalent in the LPS treatment group, while upward, chevron, and complex calls were less prevalent than in controls (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Female mice that received LPS presented a significantly higher proportion of short, frequency steps, two-syllable, and composite calls in their repertoire when compared with female control mice (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Seizure latency was not altered by early-life inflammation at any of the time points measured. Our findings suggest that early-life immune stimulation at PD10 disrupts vocal development but does not alter the susceptibility to flurothyl-induced seizures during the neonatal period. Additionally, the effect of inflammation in the disruption of vocalization is sex-dependent.</p>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"84 5","pages":"381-391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jdn.10333","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140854941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BDNF, proBDNF and proBDNF/BDNF ratio with electroencephalographic abnormalities in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Possible relations to cognition and severity","authors":"Mostafa M. El-Saied,&nbsp;Omneya Afify,&nbsp;Ehab R. Abdelraouf,&nbsp;Azza Oraby,&nbsp;Adel F. Hashish,&nbsp;Hala M. Zeidan","doi":"10.1002/jdn.10332","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jdn.10332","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with and without subclinical epileptogenic discharges (SED) have been suggested to negatively affect cognitive abilities of children with ADHD. The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its precursor proBDNF in ADHD is in need of being investigated. The aims were to evaluate the levels of serum BDNF, proBDNF and the proBDNF/BDNF ratio in addition to the potential impacts of SED on the children's cognitive abilities and the severity of ADHD. The included participants with ADHD were 30 children with normal electroencephalogram (EEG) (G1) and 30 children with SED (G2), together with 30 healthy children (G3). The cognitive abilities and severity of the disorder were evaluated. The biochemical measures were determined by ELISA. The presence of coexisting SED and nocturnal enuresis has led to a deleterious effect on cognitive processes but not on the severity. The focal epileptogenic discharge was the most common among children in G2. The levels of BDNF in Groups 1 and 2 were less than those in G3. The higher proBDNF/BDNF ratio could be related to the low BDNF levels rather than high proBDNF levels. The findings of this study highlight the importance of investigating the presence of SED and nocturnal enuresis in children with ADHD. Targeting strengthening of cognitive abilities in children with coexisting ADHD and SED is advised. The role of proBDNF in the pathophysiology of ADHD needs further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"84 5","pages":"368-380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140854745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain-to-brain interface technology: A brief history, current state, and future goals","authors":"Pouya Vakilipour,&nbsp;Saba Fekrvand","doi":"10.1002/jdn.10334","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jdn.10334","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A brain-to-brain interface (BBI), defined as a combination of neuroimaging and neurostimulation methods to extract and deliver information between brains directly without the need for the peripheral nervous system, is a budding communication technique. A BBI system is made up of two parts known as the brain–computer interface part, which reads a sender's brain activity and digitalizes it, and the computer–brain interface part, which writes the delivered brain activity to a receiving brain. As with other technologies, BBI systems have gone through an evolutionary process since they first appeared. The BBI systems have been employed for numerous purposes, including rehabilitation for post-stroke patients, communicating with patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, locked-in syndrome and speech problems following stroke. Also, it has been proposed that a BBI system could play an important role on future battlefields. This technology was not only employed for communicating between two human brains but also for making a direct communication path among different species through which motor or sensory commands could be sent and received. However, the application of BBI systems has provoked significant challenges to human rights principles due to their ability to access and manipulate human brain information. In this study, we aimed to review the brain–computer interface and computer–brain interface technologies as components of BBI systems, the development of BBI systems, applications of this technology, arising ethical issues and expectations for future use.</p>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"84 5","pages":"351-367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140863074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grey matter alterations in generalized anxiety disorder: A voxel-wise meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies","authors":"Chang-Hsien Ou,&nbsp;Chiu-Shih Cheng,&nbsp;Pei-Ling Lin,&nbsp;Cheng-Lung Lee","doi":"10.1002/jdn.10330","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jdn.10330","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Grey matter, a crucial component of the brain, has been found altered in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) of several voxel-based morphometry studies. The conclusive and consistent grey matter alterations in GAD have not been confirmed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eleven voxel-based morphometry studies of GAD patients were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis. The linear model of anxiety severity scores was applied to explore the relationship of grey matter alterations and anxiety severity. The subgroup analysis of adult GAD and adolescent GAD was also performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significantly modest grey matter alterations in the left superior temporal gyrus of patients with GAD were found. The anxiety severity score was significantly correlated with grey matter alterations in the right insula, lenticular nucleus, putamen and striatum. The subgroup analysis of adult GAD and adolescent GAD all failed to show significant grey matter alterations. However, in the adult GAD subgroup, anxiety severity score was significantly correlated with grey matter alterations in the right insula.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>GAD might have the modest grey matter alterations in the left superior temporal gyrus. Anxiety severity might be related to the grey matter alterations in the limbic regions, such as the right insula, lenticular nucleus, putamen and striatum. This kind of correlation might be related to the effects of adult GAD. Future studies with adequate sample sizes and sophisticated GAD categories will be needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"84 4","pages":"281-292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140627241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}