Hot and cold executive function among pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with and without coexisting oppositional defiant disorder

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI:10.1002/jdn.10346

Nasim Kamalahmadi, Fatemeh Moharrari, Atefeh Soltanifar, Saeedeh Hajebi Khaniki, Hossein Mohaddes, Ghazaleh Noorbakhsh, Razie Salehabadi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Executive function is a high-level set of cognitive processes related to goal-directed behaviors including two conceptual subtypes of hot (emotional) and cold (cognitive) executive function (to abbreviate EF). EF deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) leads to significant social impairments in the home, school, and community. Today the type and the extent of executive function defects in ADHD are still debated in studies. We aimed to evaluate hot and cold executive function among medication-naive children with ADHD, with and without oppositional defiant disorder (ODD).

Methods

Forty-five children including suffering ADHD with ODD (n = 15), without ODD (n = 15), or typically developed (TD, n = 15) participated in this cross-sectional study (the age of children was between 7 and 12 years old). The Child Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4) was used to screen behavioral and emotional symptoms. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised-Digit Span Task (WAIS-R-DST), Corsi Block Task (CBT), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) were used for assessing cold executive function. Assessing hot executive function was done with Delay Discounting Task (DDT) and Iowa Gambling Task (IGT).

Results

Evaluating the cold executive function, total WAIS-R-DST score, Backward DST, total CBT score, and Backward CBT were significantly lower among ADHD than TD groups (p < 0.05). Assessing the hot executive function showed that the score of DDT and IGT was significantly lower among ADHD than TD groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Both hot and cold executive functions are defective in children with ADHD, while the comorbid of ODD has no significant effect. We suggest the clinicians to consider cognitive rehabilitation interventions as a necessary treatment modality for ADHD patients.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

伴有或不伴有对立违抗障碍的小儿注意力缺陷多动障碍患者的冷热执行功能。

背景：执行功能是一套与目标导向行为相关的高级认知过程，包括热（情绪）和冷（认知）执行功能（简称 EF）两种概念亚型。注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患者的执行功能缺陷会导致他们在家庭、学校和社区中出现严重的社交障碍。目前，有关注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）执行功能缺陷的类型和程度的研究仍存在争议。我们的目的是对患有多动症（ADHD）、伴有或不伴有对立违抗障碍（ODD）的药物无效儿童的冷热执行功能进行评估：45名患有多动症并伴有对立违抗障碍（ODD，n = 15）、无对立违抗障碍（ODD，n = 15）或典型发育型（TD，n = 15）的儿童参与了这项横断面研究（儿童年龄在7至12岁之间）。儿童症状量表-4（CSI-4）用于筛查行为和情绪症状。韦氏成人智力量表-修订版-数字跨度任务（WAIS-R-DST）、柯西块任务（CBT）和威斯康星卡片分类测试（WCST）用于评估冷执行功能。评估热执行功能的方法是延迟折现任务（DDT）和爱荷华赌博任务（IGT）：结果：在评估冷执行功能时，ADHD 组的 WAIS-R-DST 总分、后向 DST 分、CBT 总分和后向 CBT 分均显著低于 TD 组（p 结论：冷执行功能和热执行功能均有缺陷：ADHD患儿的冷热执行功能均存在缺陷，而并发 ODD 则无明显影响。我们建议临床医生将认知康复干预作为ADHD患者的必要治疗方式。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience 医学-发育生物学

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

5.60%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience publishes original research articles and critical review papers on all fundamental and clinical aspects of nervous system development, renewal and regeneration, as well as on the effects of genetic and environmental perturbations of brain development and homeostasis leading to neurodevelopmental disorders and neurological conditions. Studies describing the involvement of stem cells in nervous system maintenance and disease (including brain tumours), stem cell-based approaches for the investigation of neurodegenerative diseases, roles of neuroinflammation in development and disease, and neuroevolution are also encouraged. Investigations using molecular, cellular, physiological, genetic and epigenetic approaches in model systems ranging from simple invertebrates to human iPSC-based 2D and 3D models are encouraged, as are studies using experimental models that provide behavioural or evolutionary insights. The journal also publishes Special Issues dealing with topics at the cutting edge of research edited by Guest Editors appointed by the Editor in Chief. A major aim of the journal is to facilitate the transfer of fundamental studies of nervous system development, maintenance, and disease to clinical applications. The journal thus intends to disseminate valuable information for both biologists and physicians. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience is owned and supported by The International Society for Developmental Neuroscience (ISDN), an organization of scientists interested in advancing developmental neuroscience research in the broadest sense.