Prenatal and postnatal cocaine exposure enhances the anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in rats: An ontogenetic study

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI:10.1002/jdn.10358

Susana Barbosa Méndez, Alberto Salazar-Juárez

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Prenatal and postnatal exposure to drugs such as cocaine is a public health problem that causes deficits in brain development and function in humans and animals. One of the main effects of prenatal and postnatal cocaine exposure is increased vulnerability to developing the substance use disorder at an early age. Furthermore, the negative emotional states associated with cocaine withdrawal increase the fragility of patients to relapse into drug abuse. In this sense, prenatal and postnatal cocaine exposure enhanced the cocaine- and nicotine-induced locomotor activity and locomotor sensitization, and rats exposed prenatally to cocaine displayed an increase in anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in adulthood (PND 60–70).

Objective

Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of prenatal and postnatal cocaine exposure on anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors at different ages (30, 60, 90, and 120 days of age) in rats.

Methods

The study was divided into two stages: prenatal and postnatal. In the prenatal stage, a group of pregnant female Wistar rats was administered daily from GD0 to GD21 cocaine (cocaine pre-exposure group), and another group of pregnant female rats was administered daily saline (saline pre-exposure group). In the postnatal stage, during lactation (PND0 to PND21), pregnant rats received administration of cocaine or saline, respectively. Of the litters resulting from the cocaine pre-exposed and saline pre-exposed pregnant female groups, only the male rats were used for the recording of the anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors at different postnatal ages (30, 60, 90, and 120 days), representative of adolescence, adult, adulthood, and old age.

Results

The study found that prenatal and postnatal cocaine exposure generated age-dependent enhancement in anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, being greater in older adult (PND 120) rats than in adolescent (PND 30) or adults (PND 60–90) rats.

Conclusions

This suggests that prenatal and postnatal cocaine exposure increases anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, which may increase the vulnerability of subjects to different types of drugs in young and adult age.

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产前和产后接触可卡因会增强大鼠的焦虑和抑郁行为：个体发育研究

背景产前和产后接触可卡因等毒品是一个公共卫生问题，会导致人类和动物大脑发育和功能缺陷。产前和产后接触可卡因的主要影响之一是增加了幼年时患上药物使用障碍的可能性。此外，与可卡因戒断相关的负面情绪状态会增加患者再次吸毒的脆弱性。从这个意义上说，产前和产后可卡因暴露会增强可卡因和尼古丁诱导的运动活动和运动敏感性，产前暴露于可卡因的大鼠在成年后（PND 60-70）表现出焦虑和抑郁样行为的增加。因此，本研究旨在确定产前和产后可卡因暴露对不同年龄（30、60、90 和 120 天）大鼠焦虑和抑郁样行为的影响。在产前阶段，一组怀孕的雌性 Wistar 大鼠从 GD0 到 GD21 每天被注射可卡因（可卡因暴露前组），另一组怀孕的雌性大鼠每天被注射生理盐水（生理盐水暴露前组）。在产后哺乳期（PND0 至 PND21），妊娠大鼠分别服用可卡因或生理盐水。在可卡因预暴露组和生理盐水预暴露组的雌鼠产下的仔鼠中，只有雄性大鼠被用于记录不同产后年龄（30、60、90和120天）的焦虑和抑郁样行为，分别代表青春期、成年期、成年期和老年期。结果研究发现，产前和产后暴露于可卡因会导致焦虑和抑郁样行为随年龄而增强，老年（PND 120）大鼠的焦虑和抑郁样行为增强程度大于青春期（PND 30）或成年（PND 60-90）大鼠。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience 医学-发育生物学

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

5.60%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience publishes original research articles and critical review papers on all fundamental and clinical aspects of nervous system development, renewal and regeneration, as well as on the effects of genetic and environmental perturbations of brain development and homeostasis leading to neurodevelopmental disorders and neurological conditions. Studies describing the involvement of stem cells in nervous system maintenance and disease (including brain tumours), stem cell-based approaches for the investigation of neurodegenerative diseases, roles of neuroinflammation in development and disease, and neuroevolution are also encouraged. Investigations using molecular, cellular, physiological, genetic and epigenetic approaches in model systems ranging from simple invertebrates to human iPSC-based 2D and 3D models are encouraged, as are studies using experimental models that provide behavioural or evolutionary insights. The journal also publishes Special Issues dealing with topics at the cutting edge of research edited by Guest Editors appointed by the Editor in Chief. A major aim of the journal is to facilitate the transfer of fundamental studies of nervous system development, maintenance, and disease to clinical applications. The journal thus intends to disseminate valuable information for both biologists and physicians. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience is owned and supported by The International Society for Developmental Neuroscience (ISDN), an organization of scientists interested in advancing developmental neuroscience research in the broadest sense.