Insects最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Short-Term Heat Stress on the Development, Reproduction, and Demographic Parameters of <i>Phytoseiulus persimilis</i> (Acari: Phytoseiidae).","authors":"Hajar Pakyari, Rostislav Zemek","doi":"10.3390/insects16060596","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16060596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Temperature is a critical factor affecting the development and population dynamics of many organisms. An organism's ability to withstand extreme temperature events, such as heat waves, will become increasingly important as the severity, duration, and frequency of these events continue to rise worldwide due to global warming. Knowledge on the effects of heat stress on both pests and their natural enemies will thus be crucial for keeping biological control and pest control programs effective in future. This research aimed to study the effect of short-term heat stress on the predatory mite <i>Phytoseiulus persimilis</i>, which is one of the important natural enemies utilized as a biocontrol agent against spider mites such as <i>Tetranychus urticae</i>. The experiments assessed the immature developmental time of <i>P. persimilis</i> after a four-hour incubation of eggs at high temperatures, namely 36, 38, 40, and 42 °C, as well as 85 ± 5% RH and a 16:8 h photoperiod (L:D). After adult females emerged, they were exposed to the same conditions again and the population parameters were monitored. The results demonstrated that the immature development time decreased as temperature increased, with the shortest development duration of 5.30 days seen in eggs exposed to 40 °C, while the eggs exposed to 42 °C did not hatch. Female and male adult longevity decreased significantly as the temperature increased. Fecundity, the adult pre-ovipositional period, and the total pre-ovipositional period were lowest following the 40 °C treatment. The population parameters of <i>P. persimilis</i>, including <i>r</i> and <i>λ</i>, reached their highest values in mites treated at 36 °C, and were significantly higher than in the control group. Addressing these challenges through targeted research and adaptive management is essential to sustaining the efficiency of <i>P. persimilis</i> in biocontrol programs, particularly in the context of global climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12193448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Study of Opsin Genes in <i>Pardosa astrigera</i> (Araneae: Lycosidae).","authors":"Shuxin Zhai, Boqi Ren, Xinghua Zhang, Fangyu Shen, Min Ma, Xinmin Li, Rui Li","doi":"10.3390/insects16060595","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16060595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spiders are important predatory natural enemies in agricultural and forestry ecosystems, yet the role of vision in their predatory behavior remains unclear. In this study, we screened three opsin genes-corresponding to ultraviolet-sensitive and medium-to-long wavelength-sensitive opsins-from the transcriptome sequencing database of <i>Pardosa astrigera</i>. All three genes possess seven transmembrane topological structures and a lysine residue on the second transmembrane domain, which are typical characteristics of opsins. Using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), we analyzed the expression patterns of these opsin genes in different tissues, developmental stages, and under the induction of light at three wavelengths. The results showed that all three opsin genes were significantly expressed in the cephalothorax and expressed across developmental stages with no significant differences. Under light induction, their relative expression first increased and then decreased in both male and female adult spiders. Subsequently, RNA interference (RNAi) was used to individually knock down each opsin gene, confirming their involvement in color vision. These results suggest that the three opsin genes are involved in spider vision, laying the foundation for further elucidating the role of vision in spider predation, and offering a new perspective for reducing the unintended killing of natural enemies by insect traps.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12193414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral Responses of <i>Chrysoperla defreitasi</i> (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and <i>Myzus persicae</i> (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to Volatile Compounds from Wild and Domesticated <i>Ugni molinae</i>.","authors":"Manuel Chacón-Fuentes, Leonardo Bardehle, César Burgos-Díaz, Marcelo Lizama, Daniel Martínez-Cisterna, Mauricio Opazo-Navarrete, Cristina Bravo-Reyes, Andrés Quiroz","doi":"10.3390/insects16060594","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16060594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Domestication significantly altered the phenotypic and chemical traits of murtilla, notably reducing the emission of volatile compounds essential for plant-insect interactions. This reduction may affect the plant's natural defense mechanisms, influencing its interactions with herbivores and predators. Therefore, this study tests whether domestication reduces volatile emissions in murtilla, increasing aphid preference and decreasing lacewing attraction. We selected wild ancestors (19-1, 22-1, and 23-2) from a longterm <i>Ugni molinae</i> germplasm bank. Crosses between these wild ancestors generated four first-generation domesticated ecotypes, 10-1, 16-16, 17-4, and 66-2, used in this study. These first-generation domesticated ecotypes were six years old at the time of the study and were used for comparisons in volatile profile and insect interaction analyses. The olfactometric preference index (OPI) for lacewing larvae and aphids revealed that wild ancestors attracted more predators than domesticated plants. For example, Ecotype 19-1 had an OPI of 1.64 for larvae and 1.49 for aphids, while Ecotype 10-1 showed lower attraction (OPI of 1.01 for larvae and 1.00 for aphids). Gas chromatography analysis identified differences in volatile organic compounds, with wild ancestor ecotypes emitting higher levels of compounds such as 2-hexanone, 1,8-cineole, and α-caryophyllene. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering confirmed these chemical distinctions. In olfactometer assays, lacewing larvae preferred α-caryophyllene and 2,4-dimethyl acetophenone, while aphids favored 2-hexanone and 3-hexanol. In Y-tube assays, lacewing adults showed strong attraction to α-pinene and 2,4-dimethyl acetophenone, with preferences increasing with concentration. These results indicate that domestication altered the volatile murtilla profile, reducing its attractiveness to natural predators while increasing its susceptibility to herbivores, supporting the plant domestication defense theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Evolutionary Features and Circadian Clock-Modulated Gene Expression Analysis of <i>Piezo</i>, <i>nanchung</i>, and <i>αTubulin at 67C</i> in a Romanian Population of <i>Drosophila suzukii</i>.","authors":"Adriana-Sebastiana Musca, Attila Cristian Ratiu, Adrian Ionascu, Nicoleta-Denisa Constantin, Marius Zahan","doi":"10.3390/insects16060591","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16060591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Drosophila suzukii</i> is a successful invasive insect species responsible for agricultural losses. The key to its prowess is the ability to swiftly adapt to new environments through various genetic mechanisms, including fast accommodation of mutations and gene expression fine-tuning. <i>Piezo</i> and <i>nanchung</i> (<i>nan</i>) genes are linked to circadian clock-related behaviors and, therefore, are expected to readily respond to stress stimuli. Herein, we compared the DNA sequences of <i>Piezo</i>, <i>nan</i>, and <i>αTubulin at 67C</i>, a highly conserved housekeeping gene, in ICDPP-ams-1, a Romanian local population of <i>D. suzukii</i>, and two well-annotated reference populations from the United States of America and Japan. Our results imply that short-term evolutionary accumulated single nucleotide and indel variants are overrepresented within introns, a propensity evaluated through the mutation accumulation tendency (MAT) original parameter. <i>Piezo</i> and <i>nan</i> gene expression under photoperiodicity changes challenges were assessed in a series of experiments on three groups of individuals from ICDPP-ams-1. We found that both genes are upregulated in females if their customary circadian rhythm is affected, a trend seemingly reverting if, after an initial perturbation, the circadian clock is reset to its initial timing. In conclusion, we found that both highly conserved and adaptability-related genes are rapidly evolving and that <i>Piezo</i> and <i>nan</i> have a fast functional reaction to circadian clock changes by modifying their gene expression profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12193370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploratory Study on DNA Barcode Combined with PCR-HRM Technology for Rapid and Accurate Identification of Necrophilous Fly Species.","authors":"Bo Wang, Shan Ha, Jifeng Cai, Yixin Ma, Dianxin Li, Jianhua Chen, Jianqiang Deng","doi":"10.3390/insects16060590","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16060590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular species identification plays an increasingly important role in forensic entomology and is centered on selecting appropriate DNA barcodes, which there are not yet enough of. Such identification is decisive in discovering a better DNA barcode for the identification of necrophilous fly species. Here, we analyzed 10 common necrophilous fly species found on Hainan Island; designed 12 pairs of fly-specific primers from different mitochondrial regions; screened two fly DNA barcodes with better results than those of published studies, which were used as controls; and employed a high-resolution melting (HRM) curve to construct PCR-HRM technology systems for rapid and efficient necrophilous fly species identification. The results showed that, among the 14 DNA barcoding PCR-HRM systems, the newly designed COXII-519/COXII-615 primer was the best, which identified 10 necrophilous fly species in one test. The second-best system was the C1-J-2495/C1-N-2800 primer published in the literature, which identified six fly species in one test. Moreover, since the COXII-519/COXII-615 primer system performed successfully in both stale (stored over two years) and larval samples due to its short amplificated fragment (shorter than 97 bp), it may serve as a new efficient DNA barcode for necrophilic fly species identification. The new DNA barcoding PCR-HRM system established in this study enables the rapid and accurate identification of necrophilic fly species.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12193221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> Uses Specific Volatiles to Assess Maize Development for Optimal Offspring Survival.","authors":"Hanbing Li, Peng Wan, Zhihui Zhu, Dong Xu, Shengbo Cong, Min Xu, Haichen Yin","doi":"10.3390/insects16060592","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16060592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, a major global agricultural pest, poses significant challenges to chemical control methods due to pesticide resistance and environmental concerns, underscoring the need for sustainable management strategies. Attractants based on host plant volatiles offer a promising eco-friendly approach, but their development for <i>S. frugiperda</i> is hindered by limited research on host recognition mechanisms. This study reveals that female <i>S. frugiperda</i> preferentially oviposit on maize at the seedling stage. Using electrophysiological techniques, we identified p-xylene and (+)-camphor from seedling-stage maize volatiles as key compounds eliciting strong responses in female <i>S. frugiperda</i>. Behavioral assays confirmed that these compounds (p-xylene at the concentration of 5%, 10%, and 20% and (+)-camphor at 1%, 5%, and 10%) significantly attract females, establishing them as the key odor cues for host selection. Moreover, these volatiles are more abundant in seedling-stage maize, suggesting that <i>S. frugiperda</i> assesses maize growth stages based on their concentrations. Importantly, larvae reared on seedling-stage maize exhibited higher survival rates than those on later-stage maize, indicating that oviposition site selection directly affects offspring fitness. These findings demonstrate that <i>S. frugiperda</i> uses p-xylene and (+)-camphor to evaluate maize development and select suitable oviposition sites, thereby enhancing larval survival. This study provides a foundation for developing targeted attractants for <i>S. frugiperda</i> and highlights the seedling stage as a critical period for implementing pest control measures, particularly in autumn maize production, given the higher pest population density during this phase.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12193326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Evaluation of Preharvest <i>Thaumatotibia leucotreta</i> Citrus Fruit Infestation Monitoring for Inclusion in a Systems Approach.","authors":"Sean D Moore, Tamryn Marsberg, Mellissa Peyper, Luke Cousins, Marcel van der Merwe, Guy Sutton, Sonnica van Niekerk, Vaughan Hattingh","doi":"10.3390/insects16060589","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16060589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Thaumatotibia leucotreta</i>, an important citrus pest in southern Africa, is subject to phytosanitary regulations for certain export markets. A systems approach has been developed as an alternative to standalone postharvest disinfestation methods, integrating multiple risk mitigation steps, including preharvest infestation monitoring. This study aimed to validate an existing preharvest monitoring protocol based on fallen fruit collected under designated data trees and to develop a novel monitoring system based on sampling of sanitation fruit. Monitoring was conducted in seven Navel orange orchards (N = 7 each year) during the 2021 and 2022 seasons, representing high and low infestation levels, respectively. Infestation levels were assessed over 11-12 weeks by inspecting fruit beneath four sets of five trees and all sanitation fruit collected per orchard. The new system, which involves inspecting a 100-fruit sample per orchard, was compared with the previous method. While the five-tree protocol tended to overestimate infestation, it remained effective. The sanitation-fruit sampling approach accurately reflected orchard-level infestation, with a 100-fruit sample sufficient for orchards as large as 20 hectares. Although random sampling is recommended, it was not essential for effectiveness. These results support the use of the new monitoring procedure in the systems approach for citrus exports for <i>T. leucotreta</i> risk mitigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic Analysis of Venom Secretion in <i>Achelura yunnanensis</i>: Lipid Metabolism, Redox Reactions, and Structural Adaptations.","authors":"Ping Liu, Hui-Qin Zhu, Si-Ming Wang, Yu-Qian Wang, Zhen-Yuan Ruan, Lu Qiao, Xing-Xing Wu, Qing-Hua Yan, Ya-Ping Lu, Bing Bai, Wei-Feng Ding","doi":"10.3390/insects16060588","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16060588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a key pest damaging urban greenery in Yunnan, China, <i>Achelura yunnanensis</i> larvae secrete venom for defense, yet the molecular basis of this process remains poorly understood. This study aimed to uncover the molecular mechanisms of venom secretion by comparing the dorsal epidermis tissue (LDET) with the larval proleg tissue (LP). We performed transcriptomic analysis using RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes between LDET and LP (10 biological replicates per tissue type), followed by functional enrichment and gene expression correlation analyses to explore tissue-specific characteristics. LDET exhibited significant upregulation of pathways related to lipid metabolism, redox reactions, and surface protective structure formation, suggesting their roles in venom stabilization, activation, and safe secretion. Conversely, genes linked to non-venom-related functions, such as extracellular matrix organization and epidermal development, were downregulated in LDET, indicating resource reallocation toward venom production. These findings reveal a multi-component mechanism in LDET that supports venom secretion through metabolic and structural adaptations, with lipid metabolism genes constituting 18.3% of total differentially expressed genes, highlighting evolutionary trade-offs in insect defense. This study provides new insights into insect venom secretion and offers potential targets for pest control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12193299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Red Palm Weevils (<i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i>: Curculionidae) for Putative Oxidation of Ingested Polystyrene and Polyurethane and Their Gut Microbiota Response.","authors":"Khanchai Danmek, Pichet Praphawilai, Sampat Ghosh, Chuleui Jung, Saeed Mohamadzade Namin, Phattharawadee Aedtem, Bajaree Chuttong","doi":"10.3390/insects16060587","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16060587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study assessed the growth performance of red palm weevil (RPW) (<i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i>: Curculionidae) larvae on a liquid diet of yeast-enriched potato dextrose broth (control) and on diets with added polystyrene and polyurethane. For 15 days of diet exposure, the growth and survival, plastic degradation, and gut microbiota of larvae were examined. RPWs showed higher survival rates under polystyrene and polyurethane treatments than in the control group. Head diameter showed a higher trend under polyurethane treatment than under the other treatments. Treated plastics were partly degraded after a 15-day exposure. Further analysis of plastic residues from frass revealed significant differences in Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), with decreased intensity of characteristic peaks compared to frass from larvae fed in the control. Gut bacterial communities in the gut of RPW larvae showed that plastic feeding did not significantly alter the presence of key microbial taxa, but members of <i>Firmicutes</i> and <i>Proteobacteria</i> were higher in the plastic treatment, showing preliminary signs of plastic oxidation and degradation. Overall, these findings provide evidence that ingestion of PS and PU by RPW larvae supports their survival and alters their gut microbiota, possibly due to plastic degradation, paving the way for further research into the interactions between RPWs, their microbiome, and key functional activities, with implications for plastic waste management and recycling.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12193400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acrylamide Impacts on Black Soldier Fly Larvae: Growth, Toxicity, Microbes, and Bioaccumulation Risks for Food/Feed Safety.","authors":"Jianwei Hao, Jiahui Yang, Yiru Zhang, Shurong Zhao, Shuang Liu, Wenfeng Hu","doi":"10.3390/insects16060585","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16060585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of acrylamide on the growth, neurobehavioral responses, gut integrity, microbial composition, and toxicokinetics of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL). Larvae were exposed to acrylamide-contaminated diets at 0.05, 0.5, and 5 mg/kg (dry weight) to assess dose-dependent impacts. Results revealed that acrylamide exposure delayed larval growth peaks and reduced maximum weights by 6.17-76.01% (12-18 days). Additionally, crawling speed decreased significantly at ≥0.5 mg/kg, indicating neurotoxicity. Trypan blue staining demonstrated dose-dependent midgut damage (2.22% in control vs. 25.56% at 5 mg/kg), correlating with compromised nutrient absorption. Gut microbiota analysis showed enrichment of pathogenic genera (e.g., <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i>) and suppression of beneficial taxa (e.g., <i>Klebsiella</i>), alongside reduced metabolic and immune-related pathways via Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Toxicokinetic modeling revealed bioaccumulation, with bioaccumulation factors (BAF) inversely related to substrate concentration (18.67 at 0.05 mg/kg vs. 2.90 at 5 mg/kg). Elimination half-lives (DT₅₀) varied from 3.25 to 8.22 days, suggesting concentration-dependent detoxification efficiency. These findings highlight acrylamide's multifaceted toxicity in BSFL, emphasizing risks in waste valorization and insect-based feed production. This study underscores the need for substrate safety protocols to ensure sustainable applications of BSFL in the circular bioeconomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}