Insects最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of the Combination of λ-Cyhalothrin and Chlorantraniliprole Against Four Key Storage Pests.","authors":"Waqas Wakil, Nickolas G Kavallieratos, Aqsa Naeem, Hamza Jamil, Demeter Lorentha S Gidari, Maria C Boukouvala","doi":"10.3390/insects16040387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With over 1000 species of pests causing losses in both the quantity and quality of stored food, insect contamination poses significant challenges. The present study assesses the efficacy of the combination of λ-cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole against four key storage pests-<i>Trogoderma granarium</i>, <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i>, <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i>, and <i>Tribolium castaneum</i>. Laboratory bioassays demonstrated species-dependent mortality, with <i>S. oryzae</i> and <i>R. dominica</i> suffering 100% mortality in several tested scenarios. A 90-day persistence trial revealed decreased efficacy over time, especially for <i>T. granarium</i> (32.0-71.4% at 0 days and 0.0-7.5% at 90 days) and <i>T. castaneum</i> (38.8-82.7% at 0 days and 0.0-12.7% at 90 days) vs. <i>S. oryzae</i> and <i>R. dominica</i>. Progeny production of <i>S. oryzae</i> and <i>R. dominica</i> was almost suppressed in persistence trials (0.4 individuals per vial and 1 individual per vial, respectively) after 30 days of storage at the dose of 5 mg/kg wheat. The results highlight the variability in insecticidal performance based on species, dose, exposure, and commodity type, emphasizing the need for tailored pest management strategies in the storage environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12028125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shape as a Key to Taxonomy: Morphometric Analysis of <i>Tetropium</i> Species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).","authors":"Allan H Smith-Pardo, Steven W Lingafelter, David Laroze, Alejandro Piñeiro-Gonzalez, Hugo A Benítez","doi":"10.3390/insects16040386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study of shape by the use of geometric morphometrics has been an important tool for addressing taxonomic challenges in complex groups like the genus <i>Tetropium</i> Kirby, 1837 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). This insect genus includes 28 species, 8 of which are found in North America, with the invasive <i>T. fuscum</i> (Fabricius) posing a significant quarantine risk as a pest of coniferous trees. The present study evaluated the use of geometric morphometrics to analyze the pronotum shape in females of nine species of the genus, showing the effectiveness of this tool in distinguishing between species. Even if some overlaps were found between some species, this research highlights the potential of GM in developing pest monitoring, quarantine managements, and integrated pest management programs. Our findings suggest that the use of a comprehensive database of landmarks, encompassing broader geographic and ecological diversity, could further improve species identification at ports of entry and facilitate trade.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12028269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the Potential Distribution and Future Dynamics of Important Vector <i>Culex tritaeniorhynchus</i> Under Climate Change Scenarios in China.","authors":"Boyang Liu, Li Li, Zhulin Zhang, Haoyu Ran, Mingwei Xing","doi":"10.3390/insects16040382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the context of global warming, there is an increasing risk of the emergence and re-emergence of vector-borne diseases (VBDs). As one of the most important vectors, <i>Culex tritaeniorhynchus</i> can carry and transmit numerous human and animal infectious pathogens. To better understand the current distribution and possible future dynamics of <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</i> in China, an ecological niche modeling approach (MaxEnt) was adopted to model its current and future habitat suitability. The most comprehensive dataset (1100 occurrence records) in China to date was established for model training. Multiple global climate models (GCMs) and climate change scenarios were introduced into the model to counter the uncertainties of future climate change. Based on the model prediction, <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</i> currently exhibits high habitat suitability in southern, central, and coastal regions of China. It is projected that its suitable niche will experience continuous expansion, and the core distribution is anticipated to shift northward in the future 21st century (by the 2050s, 2070s and 2090s). Several environmental variables that reflect temperature, precipitation, and land-use conditions were considered to have a significant influence on the distribution of <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</i>, among which annual mean temperature and urban land contribute the most to the model. Our study conducted a quantitative analysis of the shift and expansion of the future habitats of <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</i>, providing references for vector monitoring and the prevention and control of VBDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12028164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Diversity of Three Forensically Relevant Dipterans from Cadavers in Lahore, Pakistan.","authors":"Atif Adnan, Sundus Mona, Allah Rakha, Shahid Nazir, Hongbo Wang, Fu Ren","doi":"10.3390/insects16040381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular diversity, which reflects variation in species abundance and genetic structure, plays a pivotal role in forensic entomology by enabling the accurate identification of insect evidence through tools such as DNA barcoding. In Pakistan, the absence of trained forensic entomologists and limited research on insect biodiversity hinder the effective use of entomological evidence in criminal investigations. Traditional morphological identification methods are insufficient for resolving complex forensic cases, particularly when dealing with immature insect stages. This highlights the urgent need for molecular approaches, such as DNA barcoding, to enhance species identification and genetic analysis of forensically relevant insects. This study uniquely focuses on evaluating the utility of a 658 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene for identifying dipteran species collected from cadavers in Lahore, Pakistan. The primary goal was to identify forensically relevant insect species, assess their genetic diversity and population structure, and compare these findings with global data to contextualize the results within forensic entomology. Three blow fly species were identified: <i>Chrysomya megacephala</i> (Fabricius, 1794), <i>Chrysomya saffranea</i> (Bigot, 1877), and <i>Chrysomya rufifacies</i> (Macquart, 1843). Low genetic diversity was observed within populations, while significant genetic differentiation among populations was indicated by a high fixation index (FST = 0.83992). These findings suggest unique genetic signatures for blow fly populations in Lahore. This study underscores the importance of molecular tools like DNA barcoding for species identification and highlights the need for further research to establish a comprehensive database of forensically relevant insects in Pakistan, given the limited species diversity and unique genetic profiles observed. By laying the groundwork for future research, this study contributes to advancing forensic entomology in Pakistan by improving species identification, which, when combined with future thermobiological data, can enhance postmortem interval (PMI) estimation and forensic investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12027971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Different Diets on Growth and Development of Eastern Honey Bee (<i>Apis cerana</i>).","authors":"Ruonan Liang, Cheng Liang, Yi Zhang, Jiaxing Huang, Guiling Ding","doi":"10.3390/insects16040383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, honey bees have been stressed by multiple factors, with malnutrition posing a significant threat to the healthy development of honey bee colonies. To keep a colony healthy and productive, beekeepers supply their colonies with supplementary pollen or commercial pollen substitutes during periods of pollen dearth or insufficient pollen quantity or quality. In this study, we evaluated the effects of four natural pollen types (oilseed rape pollen, camellia pollen, lotus pollen and buckwheat pollen) and two commercial pollen substitutes (Diet 1 and Diet 2) against a control group (sucrose solution) on <i>Apis cerana</i> through cage experiments. The food consumption, live body weight, longevity, hypopharyngeal gland development and midgut proteolytic enzyme activity of caged workers were measured. The food consumption rates of oilseed rape pollen and buckwheat pollen were greater than the other diets. Oilseed rape pollen and camellia pollen were recognized as excellent-quality diets for hypopharyngeal gland development and midgut proteolytic enzyme activity. Over the entire experimental period, the caged workers fed with lotus pollen had a similar diet consumption and body weight to those fed with pollen substitutes, and these bees had a significantly higher survival rate than those fed with other diets. The results indicated that the commercial pollen substitutes appeared to be less beneficial to caged <i>A. cerana</i> workers than the natural pollen resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12028326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Effects of a Non-Insect Artificial Diet on the Nutritional Development of <i>Harmonia axyridis</i>.","authors":"Tingting Zhang, Yinchen Yu, Jianyu Li, Li Zheng, Shiwei Chen, Jianjun Mao","doi":"10.3390/insects16040380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial diets applied in the mass-rearing propagation of <i>H. axyridis</i> can improve reproductive ability by optimizing the feeding formula. This study used transcriptome data to investigate the effects of various artificial diets on the growth and development of <i>H. axyridis</i>. Results indicate that spawning increased with the low-fat and JH III-supplemented artificial diet (Diet 3). Furthermore, the highest glycogen content found in Diet 3 was significantly different from the other two groups. Triglyceride content decreased as adult feeding time increased in the three artificial diet groups, with the fastest decrease observed in the low-fat diet (Diet 2). Protein content increased gradually in the high-fat diet (Diet 1) group compared to the other treatment groups. The adults reared on low-fat artificial diets, when compared to those on artificial diets supplemented with juvenile hormones at the transcriptome level, were found to have upregulated genes enriched in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, ribosome biogenesis, and the hedgehog signaling pathway. In contrast, the genes upregulated in the latter group were enriched in oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid biosynthesis, and the metabolism of other amino acids. The results suggest that nutritional status significantly affects the growth and development of <i>H. axyridis</i> and has practical implications for the artificial feeding of natural pest enemies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12028305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cuticular Hydrocarbons of Six Geographic Populations of <i>Ips subelongauts</i> in Northeastern China: Similarities and Evolutionary Hints.","authors":"Yuge Zhao, Chao Wang, Xinmeng Liu, Xu Lin, Dongdong Chu, Junyi Ding, Xiangbo Kong, Dafeng Chen","doi":"10.3390/insects16040384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Asian larch bark beetle, <i>I. subelongatus</i> Motschulsky, is a severe pest of various <i>Larix</i> species in its natural range. This study reports the degree of similarity among cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles of six populations of <i>I. subelongatus</i> in northeastern China. Thirty individual or isomeric mixtures of hydrocarbons were identified by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The hydrocarbon components consist of straight-chain alkanes, alkenes, and methyl-branched hydrocarbons with carbon chain lengths ranging from 24 to 31. Among these, four CHCs (<i>n</i>-C₂₅, 9-C_27:1, <i>n</i>-C₂₇, and 3-meC₂₇) can serve as chemotaxonomic markers to identify <i>I. subelongatus</i>. No qualitative differences were detected between males and females in any of the six populations, but significant quantitative differences were observed in some CHCs. Phylogenetic analysis based on CHC profiles showed only minor differences compared to analysis based on partial mtDNA COI sequences regarding bark beetle species affinity. These results establish a rapid chemotaxonomic method and provide a basis for further investigations into the functions of CHCs in <i>I. subelongatus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12027504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species Composition and Ecological Aspects of Immature Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Phytotelmata in Cantareira State Park, São Paulo, Brazil.","authors":"Walter Ceretti-Junior, Antonio Ralph Medeiros-Sousa, Marcia Bicudo de Paula, Eduardo Evangelista, Karolina Morales Barrio-Nuevo, Ramon Wilk-da-Silva, Rafael Oliveira-Christe, Mauro Toledo Marrelli","doi":"10.3390/insects16040376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytotelmata are aquatic microenvironments formed by the accumulation of water and organic matter in cavities of plants. These microenvironments serve as breeding sites for various species of mosquitoes, including some of epidemiological importance. Our objective was to identify the mosquito fauna in these microenvironments and to analyze variations in mosquito fauna diversity between bromeliads, tree holes, and bamboo internodes in Cantareira State Park, São Paulo (CSP), Brazil, where there have been reports of yellow-fever epizootics in non-human primates and circulation of plasmodia. Collections were carried out monthly from February 2015 to April 2017. The bromeliads showed greater mosquito species richness and diversity than the tree holes and bamboo internodes, as well as a very different composition. Of the 11 genera collected and 49 taxa identified, <i>Culex</i> (<i>Carrolia</i>) <i>iridescens</i>, <i>Cx. ocellatus</i>, <i>Cx.</i> (<i>Microculex</i>) imitator, and <i>Anopheles</i> (<i>Kerteszia</i>) <i>cruzii</i> were the most abundant. The phytotelmata in the CSP showed significant differences in species richness, diversity, and composition and were found to support a diverse mosquito fauna to develop, including <i>An. cruzii</i> and the sylvatic yellow fever virus vector <i>Haemagogus leucocelaenus</i>. The finding of these epidemiologically important species highlights the key role played by phytotelma breeding sites as places of refuge and species maintenance for these vectors in green areas close to urban centers.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12027585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Investigation on the Synergistic Effects of Methyl Bromide and 1 °C Cold Treatment for Two-Spotted Spider Mite (<i>Tetranychus urticae</i>) and the Citrus Mealybug (<i>Planococcus citri</i>).","authors":"Jin-Sung Yoo, Jae-Ho Ban, Ji-Eun Choi, Bong-Su Kim, Jun-Ran Kim","doi":"10.3390/insects16040377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the use of methyl bromide has been prohibited globally because of environmental concerns, several alternative fumigants have been newly developed and applied to fresh products. However, single treatment with a methyl bromide alternative fumigant cannot completely replace methyl bromide treatment for some products because of issues associated with long treatment times and phytotoxicity. In this study, we compared the mortality of two agricultural pests, <i>Tetranuchus urticae</i> and <i>Planococcus citri</i>, after single treatment with methyl bromide and combined application of methyl bromide and cold treatment to confirm the synergistic effects of chemical and physical treatments. The combined application of methyl bromide and cold treatment was effective against the nymph and adult stages of <i>T. urticae</i>, but no synergism was observed at the egg stage. For <i>P. citri</i>, the required dosage of methyl bromide decreased when methyl bromide treatment was followed by low temperature, possibly because of the susceptibility of <i>P. citri</i> to cold treatment. These results indicate that the synergism of fumigants with cold treatment can differ by pest species and growth stage, and further studies on other pests are needed to reduce methyl bromide usage.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12027637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature Variation Regulates the Trade-Off Between Pre- and Post-Hatching Investment in a Burying Beetle.","authors":"Donghui Ma, Long Ma, Jan Komdeur","doi":"10.3390/insects16040378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding how organisms respond to temperature variation is essential for assessing and predicting their resilience and vulnerability to environmental and climate changes. Here, using a biparental care burying beetle (<i>Nicrophorus vespilloides</i>), we tested whether and how parental investment in carcass preparation and ambient temperature interact to influence subsequent parental care behaviour and reproductive success. We employed a 3 × 2 factorial experiment, manipulating the levels of parental investment in carcass preparation (Reduced, Control, and Elevated) and ambient temperatures (benign: 20 °C and harsh: 23 °C) in breeding pairs. We found the following: (1) Irrespective of ambient temperature, males in the Reduced group decreased their pre-hatching care. (2) Across all investment groups, both sexes under higher temperature reduced post-hatching care. (3) Carcass-preparation investment and ambient temperature interactively influenced reproductive success. Overall, the harsh temperature decreased reproductive success. Furthermore, beetle pairs experiencing reduced carcass-preparation investment produced fewer eggs and lighter broods, while those experiencing elevated carcass-preparation investment produced smaller and lighter broods. Our findings provide new insights into how temperature variation affects parental investment strategies and enhance our understanding of the phenotypic plasticity in reproductive strategies that animals employ to cope with climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12028126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}