Insects最新文献

{"title":"Short Spatiotemporal Fire History Explains the Occurrence of Beetles Favoured by Fire.","authors":"Per Milberg, Karl-Olof Bergman, Nicklas Jansson, Henrik Norman, Fia Sundin, Lars Westerberg, Victor Johansson","doi":"10.3390/insects15100775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15100775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The number and area of forest fires in northern Europe have been dramatically reduced during the past century, and several fire-favoured species are now threatened. To promote the recovery of these species, prescribed burning is often used as a conservation measure, and to optimise the use of these conservation burns, knowledge is needed on suitable fire frequency, size and placement in the landscape. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of recent fire history (12 yrs) on beetles sampled using smoke attraction traps at 21 forest sites in a 10,000 km² region. We analysed the odds of finding a fire-favoured beetle species or individual among the beetles in each trap using a new spatiotemporal connectivity measure and compared the results to non-fire-favoured and saproxylic species. For fire-favoured beetles, both the number of species and individuals significantly increased with connectivity to previous fires, while the other two groups did not. The spatiotemporal connectivity that best explained the patterns suggests that fire-favoured beetles mainly respond to fires within a 2 km range up to 2-3 years after the fire. Hence, to preserve fire-favoured insects, prescribed fires must be close in space and time to other fires-whether prescribed or natural.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11508376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction and Analysis of the Global Suitable Habitat of the <i>Oryctes rhinoceros</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Based on the MaxEnt Model.","authors":"Chun Fu, Qianqian Qian, Xinqi Deng, Zhihang Zhuo, Danping Xu","doi":"10.3390/insects15100774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15100774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Asiatic rhinoceros beetle, <i>Oryctes rhinoceros</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), is a destructive invasive species that poses a serious threat to palms, oil palms, and other plants. Defining a suitable area for the distribution of <i>O. rhinoceros</i> is essential for the development of appropriate policies and preventive measures. In this work, the MaxEnt niche model and ArcGIS software were used to predict the potential geographic distribution of <i>O. rhinoceros</i> in the world based on occurrence data and related environmental variables and to speculate on the influence of environmental variables on the distribution of <i>O. rhinoceros</i>. The results showed that the suitable areas of <i>O. rhinoceros</i> beetle were mainly distributed in 30° N-30° S, and the highly suitable areas were concentrated in South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and northern Oceania. The key environmental variables that determine the distribution location of <i>O. rhinoceros</i> are Precipitation of Wettest Month (bio13), Temperature of July (tmin7), Minimum Temperature of November (tmin11), and Precipitation of September (prec9). The prediction results of the MaxEnt model can reflect the global distribution of <i>O. rhinoceros</i>. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of <i>O. rhinoceros</i> and the development of relevant quarantine measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11508917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Characterization of Four Novel Viruses in <i>Balclutha incisa</i>.","authors":"Jiajing Xiao, Guang Yang, Renyi Liu, Danfeng Ge","doi":"10.3390/insects15100772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15100772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Balclutha incisa</i> (Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae), a leafhopper prevalent in tropical and temperate regions, is notably abundant in grasses and rice. The virome of <i>B. incisa</i> was investigated using deep transcriptome sequencing, leading to the first identification of four viruses belonging to the families <i>Aliusviridae</i>, <i>Iflaviridae</i>, and <i>Totiviridae</i> in <i>B. incisa</i>. These viruses have been provisionally named B. incisa ollusvirus 1 (BiOV1), B. incisa ollusvirus 2 (BiOV2), B. incisa iflavirus 1 (BiIV1), and B. incisa totivirus 1 (BiTV1). The complete genome sequences of these viruses were obtained through rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). BiOV1 has a linear genome of 15,125 nucleotides (nt), while BiOV2 possesses a circular genome of 14,853 nt. The BiIV1 genome, excluding the poly(A) tail, is 10,903 nt in length and encodes a single open reading frame (ORF) for a polyprotein consisting of 3194 amino acids (aa). The BiTV1 genome is 4357 nt long and contains two overlapping ORFs, with the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) translated via a -1 ribosomal frameshift. Phylogenetic and sequence identity analyses suggest that all these viruses are novel members of their respective families. This study significantly expands our understanding of the virome associated with <i>B. incisa</i> by reporting and characterizing these novel viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11508223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Growth and Composition of Black Soldier Fly (<i>Hermetia illucens</i> L.) Larvae Reared on Sugarcane By-Products and Other Substrates.","authors":"Nooshin Zandi-Sohani, Jeffery K Tomberlin","doi":"10.3390/insects15100771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15100771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) can convert organic waste into high-quality biomass. In this study, we tested the potential of sugarcane by-products as a food source for BSFL and compared larval development and nutritional value with some other organic substrates. Seven different substrates were used, including carrot pomace (C), carrot pomace and leftover bread (CB) (50/50), bagasse and vinasse (BV), bagasse and molasses (BM), bagasse, vinasse, and molasses (BVM), a mixture of all the above treatments (MX), and university canteen leftovers (UCLs). The larval weight and length were measured for two weeks from day 5 to 19. Then, the BSFL were harvested and analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, oil, ash, mineral, and fatty acid composition. Larval weight and length varied depending on the feeding substrate provided. University canteen leftovers resulted in the BSFL having at least 18% greater length (17.00 mm) and 56% greater weight (3.15 g) compared to other treatments. The highest amounts of protein (38.9%) and oil (39.06%) were observed in the UCL treatment, while the BV treatment larvae had the highest quantities of ash (28.9%) and dry matter (28.0%). The fatty acid profile of the BSFL revealed three-times-higher levels of saturated fatty acids than unsaturated fatty acids in the UCL treatment and was at least twice as high in other treatments. Overall, the BSFL had the best growth on the UCL substrate, and the combination of bagasse and vinasse (BV) was the most appropriate substrate for BSFL development among the sugarcane by-products.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11508635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to Cyantraniliprole Adversely Impacts Fitness of <i>Harmonia axyridis</i>: Acute Toxicity and Sublethal Effects on Development, Fecundity and Antioxidant Responses.","authors":"Tianshu Zhang, Yongda Yuan, Haiyuan Teng, Dongsheng Wang, Haotian Gu","doi":"10.3390/insects15100773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15100773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extensive utilization of pesticides and their persistent residues inadvertently pose threats to the effectiveness and fitness of biocontrol agents in agroecosystems. However, these ecological consequences are generally disregarded when executing integrated pest management strategies (IPM). Cyantraniliprole (CNAP) serves as a wide-spectrum diamide insecticide and its sublethal effects have been well characterized on multiple insect pests, whereas its impacts on beneficial natural enemies remain unfathomed. Herein we exposed <i>Harmonia axyridis</i>, a predacious generalist, to lethal and sublethal concentrations of CNAP via dipping treatment (egg stage) and topical applications (1st-instar stage + adult stage). The acute toxicity tests revealed that LC₅₀ of CNAP were 90.11, 86.11 and 240.50 mg/L against embryos, 1st instar nymphs and female adults, respectively, with safety factors ranging from 1.14 to 5.34, suggesting its medium toxicity for <i>H. axyridis</i> and larval stage was the most susceptible. The embryonic, larval and pupal durations of coccinellids ecdysed from CNAP-treated eggs and 1st instars were all elongated under sublethal concentrations, of which LC₃₀ triggered more pronounced and significant retardations relative to control. Besides, exposed coccinellids displayed substantially diminished pupal mass and pupation rate, most notably for insects molted from the 1st-instar stage upon CNAP sublethal treatments. With respect to reproductive performance, LC₁₀ and LC₃₀ of CNAP all significantly suppressed female fecundity, as evidenced by reduced vitellin content, a prolonged pre-oviposition period (POP), mitigated laid eggs and the egg hatching rate. Specifically, there existed positive correlations between vitellin level (Vn) and number of eggs deposited by per female, indicative of CNAP affecting fecundity by regulation of Vn. In addition, the antioxidant system was also profoundly disrupted by CNAP, with compromised POD activity at different concentrations over time and induced hormesis of SOD/CAT activities post LC₁₀ exposure. Activities of SOD and TAC were enhanced to exert protective functions during the first 48 h, while defense collapsed at 72 h following LC₃₀ treatments that depleted all enzymatic activities. We speculated that fitness trade-offs may occur between reproductive capacity and antioxidant defenses to sustain physiological homeostasis in response to CNAP stress. Collectively, this study evaluated the ecological risk of CNAP and unmasked its adverse implications for overall fitness of <i>H. axyridis</i>, which highlighted rational application of agrochemicals to conserve biocontrol agents when implementing IPM strategies for sustainable pest control.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11508540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-Specific Perching: Monitoring of Artificial Plants Reveals Dynamic Female-Biased Perching Behavior in the Black Soldier Fly, <i>Hermetia illucens</i> (Diptera: Stratiomyidae).","authors":"Noah B Lemke, Lisa N Rollison, Jeffery K Tomberlin","doi":"10.3390/insects15100770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15100770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial perches are implemented by many companies that mass-rear the black soldier fly (BSF), to emulate a natural breeding environment or provide additional surface area for flies to rest; however, basic information about perching behavior is lacking. This experiment tested the effect of adding 0.00, 0.04, 0.26, or 0.34 m² of surface area to 0.93 m³ cages, each supplied with 90 male and 90 female adults. Female thoraxes marked with acrylic paint, and the number of perching flies of each sex were recorded over 6 d. A time-series analysis revealed the following: (a) females utilized perches 1.42 times more often than males across two trials; (b) especially in the morning where the difference could be as high as 2.56 times as great; (c) this decreased to 0.20-1.57 times more females than males by 1600 h; and (d) this cyclical pattern repeated each day throughout the week with a decreasing female-bias, starting from 2.41-times more females on day 1, which fell to 0.88-1.98-times more females than males on day 6. These dynamics are likely due to the presence of male flies engaging in aerial contests near ultraviolet lamps required for mating, especially during the early hours and early adulthood, aligning with and expanding prior knowledge of black soldier fly mating behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11508282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Nutritional Quality of Commercially Bred Yellow Mealworm (<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>) Compared to European Union Nutrition Claims.","authors":"Isabelle Noyens, Meggie Van Peer, Sarah Goossens, Carmen Ter Heide, Sabine Van Miert","doi":"10.3390/insects15100769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15100769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to its potential as a sustainable protein source, the industrial relevance of <i>Tenebrio molitor</i>, known as yellow mealworm, is set to increase substantially. Given the novelty of its application in the food industry, knowledge is lacking regarding the nutritional quality of commercially farmed mealworms. This study investigated the nutritional composition of larvae from four different rearing facilities in Belgium and specifically investigated whether their nutritional profiles adhered to defined European nutrition claims (Regulation (EC) No. 1924/2006). In particular, the European nutrition claims \"high in protein\", \"high unsaturated fat\", \"high in fibre\" and \"rich in P, Mg, K, Zn and Mn\" were applicable for all mealworm samples on a dry matter basis. On a fresh matter basis, yellow mealworms were found to be \"high in protein\", \"high unsaturated fat\" and \"low in sugar\".</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11508236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common Home Remedies Do Not Deter Argentine Ants, <i>Linepithema humile</i> (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), from a Preferred Harborage.","authors":"Jacob B Holloway, Daniel R Suiter, Jerry W Davis, Wayne A Gardner","doi":"10.3390/insects15100768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15100768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In two laboratory trials, natural products, including freshly picked leaves from spearmint, rosemary, and tansy plants, a water extract from soybean plants, peels from a common cucumber, and 1% peppermint oil in hexane, were placed in a moist harborage preferred by Argentine ants, <i>Linepithema humile</i> (Mayr), and the number of ants entering the harborage after two and four hours was counted. None of the recommended home remedies (tansy, cucumber, or soybean extract) deterred ants from an attractive, moist harborage in either trial, even when the quantity of these treatments was increased 4- to 10-fold. Freshly picked leaves from rosemary and spearmint plants deterred ants from harboring, and the 1% peppermint oil was the most deterrent of all treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11508884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Efficiency and Safety of Sentinel Stink Bug Eggs Using X-rays.","authors":"Evelyne Hougardy, Ronald P Haff, Brian N Hogg","doi":"10.3390/insects15100767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15100767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sentinel eggs used to monitor field parasitism of stink bug pests (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) can only be deployed for a few days to avoid releasing the pest in the monitored area. Using sterile eggs removes the risk of accidental pest introduction and extends deployment time. Freezing the eggs before deployment is one common method of sterilizing sentinel eggs. However, some egg parasitoid species have low or no parasitism on frozen eggs. In this study, X-ray irradiation was used to sterilize <i>Bagrada hilaris</i> sentinel eggs intended for monitoring parasitism by <i>Gryon aetherium</i> (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), the most promising biological control candidate. In this case, freezing sentinel eggs is not recommended because <i>G. aetherium</i> has low levels of parasitism on frozen eggs. Doses as low as 10 Gy induced 100% sterility. Irradiated eggs successfully sustained the development of <i>G. aetherium</i> and <i>Ooencyrtus californicus</i> (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), another egg parasitoid attacking <i>B. hilaris</i>, and parasitism levels were comparable to that of fresh eggs up to seven days old. In addition, <i>G. aetherium</i> showed no preference for fresh non-irradiated eggs over seven-day-old irradiated eggs. Our results indicate that X-ray irradiation is a suitable alternative to produce safe and reliable sentinel eggs to monitor the egg parasitism of <i>B. hilaris</i> and possibly other species.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11508251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topic: Arthropod Biodiversity: Ecological and Functional Aspects.","authors":"Giorgia Sollai, Anita Giglio, Piero G Giulianini, Roberto Crnjar, Paolo Solari","doi":"10.3390/insects15100766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15100766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Invertebrate animals with a segmented body, exoskeleton, and articulated appendages represent the largest phylum in the animal kingdom, Arthropoda, and account for over 80% of all known living species [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}