Insects最新文献

{"title":"Insecticide Resistance in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> from the National Capital Region of the Philippines.","authors":"Richard Paul B Malijan, Jason R Angeles, Ariza Minelle A Apilado, Mary Ann T Ammugauan, Ferdinand V Salazar","doi":"10.3390/insects15100782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15100782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human arboviral diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika can be transmitted by the mosquito <i>Aedes aegypti</i>. The insecticide-based vector control strategy is critical in reducing transmission of these <i>Aedes</i>-borne diseases but is threatened mainly by the emergence of insecticide resistance. Adult <i>Ae. aegypti</i> from the National Capital Region (NCR), Philippines, were subjected to bioassays to determine their susceptibility to diagnostic doses of pyrethroid, organochlorine, and organophosphate insecticides following the standard World Health Organization insecticide susceptibility test. This study reports the detection of insecticide resistance to pyrethroids and organochlorine in <i>Ae. aegypti</i> from the Philippines for the first time. Most of the <i>Ae. aegypti</i> populations from NCR exhibited phenotypic resistance to permethrin, etofenprox, and DDT. Varying resistance levels to deltamethrin, cyfluthrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin were observed in the different mosquito populations, while all populations tested to malathion were susceptible to this organophosphate. This finding should alert public health authorities to consider modifying the existing vector management package for greater control efficacy. Best practices proven to prevent or delay the development of insecticide resistance, such as insecticide rotation, should also be implemented, while alternative chemicals with a different mode of action should be explored to ensure the continuing efficacy of program interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11508968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of <i>Borrelia</i> and <i>Rickettsia</i> in <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> from Chosen Urban and Protected Areas in Poland and the Czech Republic.","authors":"Dorota Kiewra, Dagmara Dyczko, Alena Žákovská, Helena Nejezchlebova","doi":"10.3390/insects15100785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15100785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1) Background: <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> is responsible for the spreading of medically important pathogens. Monitoring the level of tick infection in various areas is essential for determining the potential tick-born risk. This study aimed to detect <i>Borrelia</i> spp. and <i>Rickettsia</i> spp. in <i>I. ricinus</i> ticks collected in urban and protected areas both in Poland and the Czech Republic. (2) Methods: Ticks were collected by flagging in the years 2016-2017. <i>Borrelia</i> spp. was detected using nested PCR targeting the <i>flaB</i> gene and <i>Rickettsia</i> spp. using nested PCR targeting <i>gltA</i>. (3) Results: In total, DNA of <i>Borrelia</i> spp. was detected in 25.9% of samples. Ticks collected in Poland were more infected compared to the Czech Republic and ticks collected in protected areas were more infected with <i>Borrelia</i> spp. than ticks collected in urban areas. The RFLP analysis showed the occurrence of <i>B. afzelii</i> and <i>B. garinii</i> in both countries, and additionally <i>B. valaisiana</i>, <i>B. burgdorferi</i> s.s., and <i>B. miyamotoi</i> in Poland. <i>Rickettsia</i> spp. was detected in 17.4% of <i>I. ricinus</i>, with comparable infection level in both countries; however, regional differences were observed. (4) Conclusion: The regional differences in <i>Borrelia</i> spp. and <i>Rickettsia</i> spp. prevalence in <i>I. ricinus</i> indicate the complexity of factors influencing the level of infection and underline the need for adaptation public health surveillance strategies in each region.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11508308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Origins of Symbiotic Fungi in Carmine Cochineals and Their Function in the Digestion of Plant Polysaccharides.","authors":"Pilar González-Román, Diana Hernández-Oaxaca, Rafael Bustamante-Brito, Marco A Rogel, Esperanza Martínez-Romero","doi":"10.3390/insects15100783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15100783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cochineal insect <i>Dactylopius coccus</i> Costa (Hemiptera) has cultural and economic value because it produces carminic acid that is used commercially. In this study, distinct fungi were cultured from dissected tissue and identified as <i>Penicillium</i>, <i>Coniochaeta</i>, <i>Arthrinium</i>, <i>Cladosporium</i>, <i>Microascus</i>, <i>Aspergillus</i>, and <i>Periconia</i>. Fungi were microscopically observed inside cochineals in the gut, fat body, and ovaries. Since cochineals spend their lives attached to cactus leaves and use the sap as feed, they can obtain fungi from cacti plants. Indeed, we obtained <i>Penicillium</i>, <i>Aspergillus</i>, and <i>Cladosporium</i> fungi from cacti that were identical to those inside cochineals, supporting their plant origin. Fungi could be responsible for the degrading activities in the insect guts, since cellulase, pectinase, and amylase enzymatic activities in insect guts decreased in fungicide-treated cochineals. Our findings set the basis for the further study of the interactions between insects, fungi, and their host plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11508352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wētā Aotearoa-Polyphyly of the New Zealand Anostostomatidae (Insecta: Orthoptera).","authors":"Steven A Trewick, Briar L Taylor-Smith, Mary Morgan-Richards","doi":"10.3390/insects15100787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15100787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Anostostomatidae of Aotearoa New Zealand are well-characterized at the genus and species level, but the higher-level systematics of the family as a whole remain poorly resolved. We tested the hypothesis that the New Zealand anaostostomatid fauna consists of a single monophyletic group consistent with a single common ancestor. For phylogenetic analysis, we sampled the genera in Aotearoa New Zealand as well as representatives of the family from Australia and New Caledonia. Maximum likelihood analyses including topological comparison statistics with a DNA alignment of thirteen mitochondrial and four nuclear protein coding genes rejected the monophyly of lineages in New Zealand. We found phylogenetic support for four separate New Zealand lineages; three with their closest relatives in Australia and one in New Caledonia. The New Zealand genus <i>Hemiandrus</i> is paraphyletic and the establishment of a morphologically distinct genus is justified. We determined that six of the valid species previously placed in <i>Hemiandrus</i> form a distinct clade that we designated here as <i>Anderus</i> gen. nov. The putative <i>Hemiandrus</i> that we sampled from Australia was sister to neither of the New Zealand lineages.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11508991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of <i>Dalbulus maidis</i> (DeLong and Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Oklahoma.","authors":"Ashleigh M Faris, Maira Rodrigues Duffeck, Jennifer D Olson, Andres S Espindola, Luana Muller, Sebastian E Velasco, João Murilo Zambiasi","doi":"10.3390/insects15100778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15100778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The corn leafhopper, <i>Dalbulus maidis</i> (DeLong and Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is an invasive insect that can cause damage to maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in two ways: by direct feeding and the transmission of several plant pathogens. <i>Dalbulus maidis</i> is an invasive and serious economic pest of maize that has spread from its center of origin in Mexico to the southernmost parts of the United States. Prior to 2024, corn leafhoppers had not been documented in Oklahoma, and their spread northward toward the United States corn belt is of significant concern. Here, we provide the first reports of the insect in maize in several Oklahoma counties. Insect specimens were collected at various commercial and experimental field sites by Oklahoma State University research and extension personnel. The identity of the insect species was validated through morphological and molecular taxonomy. The presence records for the corn leafhopper presented here provide valuable information for future monitoring and management efforts of this economically important pest and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11508424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GIS-Enhanced Survey of Potential <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and <i>Aedes albopictus</i> Artificial Oviposition Containers Distributed across Communities in Trinidad, West Indies.","authors":"Limb K Hapairai, Roshan Seeramsingh, Lester D James, Rachel S Feng, Naresh Nandram, Azad Mohammed, Molly Duman-Scheel, David W Severson","doi":"10.3390/insects15100779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15100779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue and other arboviruses remain a global threat, and enhanced efforts to control the mosquitoes that transmit them are urgently needed. A survey of potential manmade <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (L.) and <i>Aedes albopictus</i> (Skuse) oviposition containers was performed in four communities near the end of the typical dry season in 2018 in Trinidad, West Indies. The purpose was to conduct individual premise surveys and use GIS mapping to visualize premises within communities that had <i>Aedes</i>-positive containers, as this information could be used for the prioritization of mosquito control efforts in potential high risk areas as the wet season progressed. Accessible premises were surveyed following standard inspection protocols used by the Insect Vector Control Division (IVCD), Ministry of Health (MOH). The results indicated that two of the four locations would be at high risk for arbovirus transmission going into the wet season. The GIS mapping of premises with <i>Aedes</i>-positive containers facilitated the identification of potential hot spots for arbovirus transmission risk within communities that should be prioritized for enhanced monitoring and vector control efforts, emphasizing the need to increase community participation in standard surveys by IVCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11508967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous Color Preferences and Associative Learning in <i>Protaetia brevitarsis</i> (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae).","authors":"Hui Wu, Zhuangzhi Cui, Xiaoqing Huang, Khalid Hussain Dhiloo, Fanfang Kong, Zhongyue Wang, Yongqiang Liu","doi":"10.3390/insects15100780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15100780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Color vision, which varies among species, plays an important role in foraging, mating, and habitat selection among insects. <i>Protaetia brevitarsis</i> (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Lewis) is an omnivorous beetle that damages both crops and fruit. Here, to understand the effect of vision and olfaction in host selection, experiments were conducted on the spectral wavelength preference, color preference, and associative learning ability of adult <i>P. brevitarsis</i> using LED lights and grapes. In our experiments, adults showed the strongest spontaneous preference toward the red spectrum, particularly 730 nm. Non-preferred lights were used to train adults with a food reward (grapes). Green-trained adults had an increasing tendency to prefer green light, and blue-trained adults had a clear preference for blue light. Furthermore, adults significantly preferred red grapes in the absence of olfactory cues, but their selectivity for grapes differed in the presence of olfactory cues, indicating that vision was not the only factor in foraging decisions, but that olfactory cues also influenced their decision making. The results lay the groundwork for revealing their host localization mechanism and provide promising avenues for biological control in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11508643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study of Potential Habitats for Two Endemic Grassland Caterpillars on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Based on BIOMOD2 and Land Use Data.","authors":"Chuanji Li, Yunxiang Liu, Youpeng Lai, Hainan Shao","doi":"10.3390/insects15100781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15100781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study has systematically investigated and compared the geographical distribution patterns and population density of <i>G. menyuanensis</i> (<i>Gm</i>) and <i>G. qinghaiensis</i> (<i>Gq</i>), which are endemic to the QTP region and inflict severe damage. Using a method combining the BIOMOD2 integration model (incorporating nine ecological niche models) and current species distribution data, this study has compared changes in potential habitats and distribution centers of these two species during ancient, present, and future climate periods and conducted a correlation test on the prediction results with land use types. The study results indicate that there are differences in geographical distribution patterns, distribution elevations, and population density of these two species. Compared with single models, the integration model exhibits prominent accuracy and stability with higher KAPPA, TSS, and AUC values. The distribution of suitable habitats for these two species is significantly affected by climatic temperature and precipitation. There is a significant difference between the potential habitats of these two species. <i>Gm</i> and <i>Gq</i> are distributed in the northeastern boundary area and the central and eastern areas of the QTP, respectively. The areas of their suitable habitats are significantly and positively correlated with the area of grassland among all land use types of QTP, with no correlations with the areas of other land use types of QTP. The potential habitats of both species during the paleoclimate period were located in the eastern and southeastern boundary areas of the QTP. During the paleoclimate period, their potential habitats expanded towards the Hengduan Mountains (low-latitude regions) in the south compared with their current suitable habitats. With the subsequent temperature rising, their distribution centers shifted towards the northeast (high-latitude) regions, which could validate the hypothesis that the Hengduan Mountains were refuges for these species during the glacial period. In the future, there will be more potential suitable habitats for these two species in the QTP. This study elucidates the ecological factors affecting the current distribution of these grass caterpillars, provides an important reference for designating the prevention and control areas for <i>Gm</i> and <i>Gq</i>, and helps protect the alpine meadow ecosystem in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11508900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Banker Plant Efficacy to Boost Natural Predators for Management of Field Populations of <i>Scirtothrips dorsalis</i> Hood (Thysanoptera Thripidae) in Strawberries.","authors":"Allan Busuulwa, Alexandra M Revynthi, Oscar E Liburd, Sriyanka Lahiri","doi":"10.3390/insects15100776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15100776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since 2015, <i>Scirtothrips dorsalis</i> Hood has emerged as the main pest of strawberries in Florida. Given the limited management options, there is a recognized need to expand on the management strategies for this pest. Therefore, we explored the possibility of using banker plants to recruit naturally occurring predators of thrips into strawberry fields to suppress <i>S. dorsalis</i>. The study began in the 2021-2022 strawberry season where five banker plants were screened to determine which ones could consistently attract thrips predators by flowering throughout the strawberry season. <i>Capsicum annum</i> L. (ornamental pepper) and <i>Lobularia maritima</i> L. (sweet alyssum) were selected for further evaluation. In the 2022-2023 strawberry season, using a randomized complete block design we assessed the capability of these banker plants to attract thrips predators into the strawberry field. In addition, we examined how the banker plant distance from the strawberry plants influenced the <i>S. dorsalis</i> pest suppression. Our results showed that strawberries located within 3.7 m of ornamental pepper plants had less leaf damage from <i>S. dorsalis</i> compared with those farther away, which may result from the repellent effect of the ornamental peppers. Additionally, <i>Geocoris</i> spp. and <i>Orius</i> spp. were identified as the main thrips predators in the system, although in relatively low numbers. Therefore, these results highlight the potential of incorporating ornamental pepper as a banker plant in strawberry production. Additional applications of this research are explored below.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11508206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"V1848I Mutation in the Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Confers High-Level Resistance to Indoxacarb and Metaflumizone in <i>Spodoptera exigua</i>.","authors":"Xiangjie Liu, Minhui Cao, Wenjuan Mei, Xingliang Wang, Yidong Wu","doi":"10.3390/insects15100777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15100777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Spodoptera exigua</i> is one of the most serious lepidopteran pests of global importance. With the intensive use of insecticides, <i>S. exigua</i> has evolved resistance to many insecticides, including the sodium channel blocker insecticides (SCBIs) indoxacarb and metaflumizone. In this study, we investigated the role of the V1848I mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) in SCBI resistance and its inheritance patterns in <i>S. exigua</i> through the development and characterization of a near-isogenic resistant strain. The AQ-23 strain of <i>S. exigua</i>, collected in 2023 from Anqing, Anhui province of China, shows 165-fold resistance to indoxacarb compared with the susceptible WH-S strain. A frequency of 44.6% for the V1848I mutation was detected in the <i>SeVGSC</i> of the AQ-23 strain, while no F1845Y mutation was found. Through repeated backcrossing and marker-assisted selection, the V1848I mutation in the AQ-23 strain was introgressed into the susceptible WH-S strain, creating a near-isogenic strain named WH-1848I. This WH-1848I strain exhibits high levels of resistance to indoxacarb (146-fold) and metaflumizone (431-fold) but remains susceptible to broflanilide and spinosad compared with the WH-S strain. Inheritance analysis revealed that SCBI resistance in the WH-1848I strain is autosomal, nonrecessive, and genetically linked to the V1848I mutation. These findings establish a clear link between the V1848I mutation and SCBI resistance in <i>S. exigua</i>, offering valuable insights for developing molecular detection tools and resistance management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11508211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}