Insects最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Irradiated <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Pupae on the Quality and Population Parameters of <i>Trichopria drosophilae</i>.","authors":"Yong-Zhuo Chen, Xiao-Meng Gong, Min Zhang, Peng-Cheng Liu, Xu-Xiang Zhang, Hao-Yuan Hu","doi":"10.3390/insects16040379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Trichopria drosophilae</i> is a globally distributed pupal parasitoid that targets various species within the Drosophilidae family, including the invasive <i>Drosophila suzukii</i>. The mass rearing of <i>T. drosophilae</i> is a crucial step in ensuring their successful application for field <i>D. suzukii</i> control. The pupae of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> are currently used as a host for the mass rearing of <i>T. drosophilae</i>. After irradiation, the immune system function of <i>Drosophila</i> pupae was weakened, leading to an increase in the parasitism efficiency of the <i>T. drosophilae</i>. Our results showed that irradiated pupae had a significant impact on the parasitism rate, offspring eclosion rate, offspring number, and female body size of F1 <i>T. drosophilae</i>, all of which were significantly lower than those in the normal group. However, there was no significant difference in the parasitism rate, body size, offspring eclosion rate, offspring number, or offspring sex ratio between F2 <i>T. drosophilae</i> emerging from treated or untreated <i>Drosophila</i> pupae. Compared with F2, F1 had a significantly higher net reproductive rate (<i>R₀</i>), mean generation time (<i>T</i>), and doubling time (<i>DT</i>), while the intrinsic rate of increase (<i>r</i>) was significantly lower. Using irradiated <i>D. melanogaster</i> pupae provides an efficient method for the mass rearing of <i>T. drosophilae</i> and offers valuable insights into its potential effectiveness in field <i>D. suzukii</i> control.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12028160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Assessment of Genes Linked to Honeybee Health Fed with Different Diets in Nuclear Colonies.","authors":"Worrel A Diedrick, Lambert H B Kanga, Rachel Mallinger, Manuel Pescador, Islam Elsharkawy, Yanping Zhang","doi":"10.3390/insects16040374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040374","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Honeybees are of economic importance not only for honey production, but also for crop pollination, which amounts to USD 20 billion per year in the United States. However, the number of honeybee colonies has declined more than 40% during the last few decades. Although this decline is attributed to a combination of factors (parasites, diseases, pesticides, and nutrition), unlike other factors, the effect of nutrition on honeybee health is not well documented. In this study, we assessed the differential expression of seven genes linked to honeybee health under three different diets. These included immune function genes [&lt;i&gt;Cactus&lt;/i&gt;, immune deficiency (&lt;i&gt;IMD&lt;/i&gt;), &lt;i&gt;Spaetzle&lt;/i&gt;)], genes involved in nutrition, cellular defense, longevity, and behavior (&lt;i&gt;Vitellogenin&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Malvolio&lt;/i&gt;), a gene involved in energy metabolism (&lt;i&gt;Maltase&lt;/i&gt;), and a gene associated with locomotory behavior (&lt;i&gt;Single-minded&lt;/i&gt;). The diets included (a) commercial pollen patties and sugar syrup, (b) monofloral (anise hyssop), and (c) polyfloral (marigold, anise hyssop, sweet alyssum, and basil). Over the 2.7-month experimental periods, adult bees in controls fed pollen patties and sugar syrup showed upregulated &lt;i&gt;Cactus&lt;/i&gt; (involved in Toll pathway) and &lt;i&gt;IMD&lt;/i&gt; (signaling pathway controls antibacterial defense) expression, while their counterparts fed monofloral and polyfloral diets downregulated the expression of these genes. Unlike &lt;i&gt;Cactus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;IMD&lt;/i&gt;, the gene expression profile of &lt;i&gt;Spaetzle&lt;/i&gt; (involved in Toll pathway) did not differ across treatments during the experimental period except that it was significantly downregulated on day 63 and day 84 in bees fed polyfloral diets. The &lt;i&gt;Vitellogenin&lt;/i&gt; gene indicated that monofloral and polyfloral diets significantly upregulated this gene and enhanced lifespan, foraging behavior, and immunity in adult bees fed with monofloral diets. The expression of &lt;i&gt;Malvolio&lt;/i&gt; (involved in sucrose responsiveness and foraging behavior) was upregulated when food reserves (pollen and nectar) were limited in adult bees fed polyfloral diets. Adult bees fed with monofloral diets significantly upregulated the expression of &lt;i&gt;Maltase&lt;/i&gt; (involved in energy metabolisms) compared to their counterparts in control diets to the end of the experimental period. &lt;i&gt;Single-Minded Homolog&lt;/i&gt; 2 (involved in locomotory behavior) was also upregulated in adult bees fed pollen patties and sugar syrup compared to their counterparts fed monofloral and polyfloral diets. Thus, the food source significantly affected honeybee health and triggered an up- and downregulation of these genes, which correlated with the health and activities of the honeybee colonies. Overall, we found that the companion crops (monofloral and polyfloral) provided higher nutritional benefits to enhance honeybee health than the pollen patty and sugar syrup used currently by beekeepers. Furthermore, while it has been reported that bees require pollen","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12027810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Artificial Diets Containing Free Amino Acids Versus Intact Proteins on Biomarkers of Nutrition and Deformed Wing Virus Levels in the Honey Bee.","authors":"José Carlos Tapia-Rivera, José María Tapia-González, Mohamed Alburaki, Philene Chan, Rogelio Sánchez-Cordova, José Octavio Macías-Macías, Miguel Corona","doi":"10.3390/insects16040375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pollen is bees' primary source of proteins. Using pollen substitutes could reduce colony losses in areas with limited floral resources. In this study, we compared the effects of pollen substitutes made from intact proteins versus free amino acids on bee survival, as well as the levels of vitellogenin (<i>vg</i>), major royal jelly protein 1 (<i>mrjp1</i>), and deformed wing virus (DWV). Our study revealed no significant differences in <i>vg</i> mRNA levels between bees fed intact protein and free amino acid diets. However, <i>mrjp1</i> mRNA levels were higher in bees fed free amino acid diets, suggesting that the availability of amino acids affects the expression of this nutritionally regulated gene differently. Thus, the combined expression of <i>vg</i> and <i>mrjp1</i> could be used to assess the nutritional value of different pollen substitutes. Our results also indicate that bees fed diets rich in free amino acids exhibited high levels of DWV and increased mortality during the first week, even though they showed a high expression of genes related to good nutrition. In contrast, bees fed an intact protein diet showed the lowest DWV levels during the first two weeks, although viral infection increased afterward. These results suggest that ingested free amino acids are quickly absorbed in the intestine, transported in the hemolymph, and taken up by cells, where they can facilitate viral replication. On the other hand, ingested intact proteins may undergo slower digestion and gradual release of amino acids in the hemolymph, which may not trigger an overt DWV infection. Possible interactions among <i>Varroa</i> mites, DWV infection, and nutrition are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12027968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Dynamics of <i>Galerucella birmanica</i> and Its Aggregation Behavior in <i>Brasenia schreberi</i> Aquaculture System.","authors":"Yini Wang, Yahong Wang, Changfang Zhou","doi":"10.3390/insects16040371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aquatic vegetable <i>Brasenia schreberi</i> Gmel. (Nymphaeales: Cabombaceae), widely cultivated in China, faces severe challenges from pest disturbances. With a field investigation, <i>G. birmanica</i> occurred for several generations in the <i>Brasenia</i> mono-cultivation system. The first visual peak on leaf surfaces appeared in July, with eggs, larvae, pupae and adults all being recorded. The highest number of flying adults were trapped in August in reverse to the absence of beetles on leaves, followed by an extraordinary high number of eggs in September. <i>G. birmanica</i> exhibited a conspicuous aggregation in distribution, with severely chewed areas having a <i>G. birmanica</i> abundance 21.6 times that of the non-chewed areas. Laboratory studies with GC-MS and two-choice tests revealed four volatiles significantly discrepant in contents released from chewed/intact leaves: cis-3-hexenyl acetate (917.33 ± 29.56 vs. 604.034 ± 23.24 ng, chewed vs. intact), 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate (595.37 ± 28.42 vs. 356.00 ± 13.44 ng), undecane (771.44 ± 34.72 vs. 1003.28 ± 47.88 ng) and methyl salicylate (1079.84 ± 49.39 vs. 532.11 ± 18.23 ng); among them, 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate could significantly attract <i>G. birmanica</i> adults. Our study suggests that <i>G. birmanica</i> can be a severe threat to mono-cultivated <i>B. schreberi</i>, whereas the damaged leaves may sacrifice themselves by attracting the beetles with an herbivore-induced volatile, thus protecting the whole plant population from pest disturbance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12028085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BmHR3 Is Essential for Silk Gland Development and Silk Protein Synthesis in Silkworms (<i>Bombyx mori</i>).","authors":"Yao Ou, Qin Luo, Wenhui Zeng, Yiyun Tang, Jie Hu, Chun Liu, Yan Ma, Hanfu Xu","doi":"10.3390/insects16040369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), which is known to regulate insect molting and metamorphosis, is crucial for the normal development of silk glands (SGs) in the silkworm <i>Bombyx mori</i>. However, how the 20E signaling pathway and its core members function in the SG remains largely unclear. Here, we report that the orphan nuclear receptor BmHR3, a 20E-response factor, plays an essential role in regulating SG development and silk protein synthesis. First, we showed that tissue-specific <i>BmHR3</i> overexpression and knockout result in severe developmental defects in posterior silk glands (PSGs). Second, we revealed that <i>BmHR3</i> dysfunction in PSGs dramatically represses the transcription of silk fibroin protein-coding genes, thereby inhibiting fibroin protein synthesis. Finally, we confirmed that BmHR3 can regulate fibroin protein-coding gene expression via direct and indirect mechanisms. This study elucidates the vital function of BmHR3 in <i>B. mori</i> SG and provides valuable information for thoroughly understanding the regulatory roles of 20E signaling in specialized insect organs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12028065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Leaf-Derived Trapping Material Is More Effective at Capturing Common Bed Bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) than Selected Commercial Monitoring Devices.","authors":"Jorge Bustamante, Patrick Liu, Kathleen Campbell, Andrew M Sutherland, Dong-Hwan Choe, Catherine Loudon","doi":"10.3390/insects16040362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bed bugs (<i>Cimex lectularius</i>) have become established as common and significant commensal pests throughout the world. Effective bed bug monitoring and control programs remain challenging goals within the urban pest management industry. Pitfall \"interceptor\" traps and sticky \"glue board\" traps are the most commonly utilized devices for bed bug monitoring and detection in various settings. This study compares a novel leaf-derived trapping material (LDTM) and several selected pitfall and sticky traps for their capture efficacy of bed bugs. The LDTM employs a piercing-trapping mechanism in which trichomes physically impale bed bugs as they traverse the surface, preventing their further movement. Our results indicate that the LDTM captured bed bugs more effectively than three of the four selected commercial devices. Furthermore, our results reveal that the LDTM consistently trapped more bed bug nymphs than three of the four selected commercial traps. These findings underscore the potential of the LDTM as a valuable tool for enhancing monitoring and early detection strategies in bed bug integrated pest management (IPM) programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12027625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species Composition, Ecological Preferences, and Chromosomal Polymorphism of Malaria Mosquitoes of the Crimean Peninsula and the Black Sea Coast of the Caucasus.","authors":"Anton V Moskaev, Anna G Bega, Ilya I Brusentsov, Anastasia N Naumenko, Dmitriy A Karagodin, Vladimir N Razumeiko, Boris V Andrianov, Irina I Goryacheva, Elizaveta Y Lee, Vladimir I Panov, Igor V Sharakhov, Maria V Sharakhova, Mikhail I Gordeev","doi":"10.3390/insects16040367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we sampled malaria mosquito larvae in natural and artificial breeding places to study the geographical distribution, ecological preferences, and chromosomal variability of different species of the genus <i>Anopheles</i> in the territory of the Crimean Peninsula and the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. Species were diagnosed using a combination of morphological, cytogenetic, and molecular markers. The ecological conditions of the larval habitats, such as dissolved oxygen content in the water, acidity, salinity, and temperature, were measured. Seven species of malaria mosquitoes were identified in the pool of 2229 individual mosquitoes collected at 56 breeding sites, including <i>An. atroparvus</i>, <i>An. claviger</i>, <i>An. daciae</i> (formerly identified as <i>An. messeae</i> s. l.), <i>An. hyrcanus</i>, <i>An. maculipennis</i> s. s., <i>An. plumbeus</i>, and <i>An. melanoon</i>. The previously recorded species of <i>An. algeriensis</i>, <i>An. messeae</i> s. s., <i>An. sacharovi</i>, and <i>An. superpictus</i> were not found in this study. <i>Anopheles maculipennis</i> was dominant in typical anophylogenic water bodies. <i>Anopheles plumbeus</i>, which used to breed mainly in tree holes in coastal forests, has spread to urban settlements along the Black Sea coast and breeds in artificial containers. Chromosomal polymorphism was studied and found in <i>An. atroparvus</i> and <i>An. daciae</i> populations. Differences in the chromosomal composition of <i>An. daciae</i> populations in Crimea and on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus were revealed. The Crimean population had a low level of polymorphism in autosomal inversions. The data obtained in this study can be used to inform a better control of potential malaria vectors in the Black Sea coastal region.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12027981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct and Indirect Effects of Ivermectin on Phytophagous, Frugivorous and Parasitoid Insects.","authors":"Lars Laber, Nico Blüthgen, Karsten Mody","doi":"10.3390/insects16040366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ivermectin, an anthelmintic used in livestock, is excreted in faeces and can therefore affect non-target organisms. While its effects on coprophagous insects have been well studied, recent research suggests that it can be taken up by plants, raising the possibility that it may affect a much wider range of invertebrates than previously known. Our study investigated the effects of ivermectin on insects from different feeding guilds. First, we tested its effects on the larvae of the noctuid moths <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> and <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> (chewing herbivores) using an artificial diet. Secondly, we investigated the effects of its presence in the soil of pea plants <i>Pisum sativum</i> on the pea-feeding aphid <i>Acyrthosiphon pisum</i> (phloem-feeding herbivore). Thirdly, we tested ivermectin in an artificial diet for <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> used as a host for the parasitoid <i>Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae</i>. Our results showed that ivermectin reduced pupal weight and survival in moth larvae, inhibited aphid colony establishment and reduced parasitoid emergence rates from ivermectin-exposed <i>Drosophila</i> pupae. These results highlight the potential of ivermectin to affect multiple trophic levels and emphasise the need for sustainable veterinary practices in the use of anthelmintics in free-ranging livestock and companion animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12028309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Biosensor for the Early Detection of <i>Aethina tumida</i> via <i>Kodamaea ohmeri</i> in Honeybee Colonies.","authors":"Paola Ghisellini, Patrizia Garbati, Marco Pietropaoli, Antonella Cersini, Gabriele Pietrella, Cristina Rando, Luca Giacomelli, Stefano Ottoboni, Giovanni Formato, Roberto Eggenhöffner","doi":"10.3390/insects16040363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aethina tumida</i>, commonly known as the small hive beetle, poses a threat to honeybee populations, particularly <i>Apis mellifera</i>, across several European regions. Originating in sub-Saharan Africa, there is a risk of the infestation spreading from Calabria, a region in the south of Italy. The essential role played by <i>Apis</i> spp. in pollination biodiversity preservation, agricultural productivity, and the overall economy is related to the dangers posed by the invasion of <i>Aethina tumida</i>. Current detection methods often fail to identify infestations early, leading to significant colony losses. We focused on creating a biosensor to improve the detection of <i>Kodamaea ohmeri</i>, a recently identified yeast that coexists symbiotically with <i>Aethina tumida</i>. The biosensor was designed to exploit the highly sensitive quartz crystal microbalance to identify a specific peptide linked to <i>Kodamaea ohmeri</i> in honey specimens. Its gold-plated surface over quartz was functionalized with an antibody effective in recognizing the peptide associated with <i>Kodamaea ohmeri</i>, a potential warning for detecting <i>Aethina tumida</i>. Preliminary results support the possibility of using such biosensor technology to detect infestation and enhance colony management techniques for honeybees, enabling beekeepers to implement prompt and focused treatments. In addition, reducing the size and cost of these biosensors and offering user training would be very helpful in having them used in beekeeping.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12027759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Exposure to Field-Level Thiamethoxam Impairs Gut Tissue and Reduces Honeybee (<i>Apis cerana</i>) Survival.","authors":"Yulong Guo, Changsheng Ma, Wenzheng Zhao, Haiou Kuang, Yakai Tian, Haoyuan Zhang, Yunfei Xue, Hongmei Li-Byarlay, Kun Dong, Xueyang Gong","doi":"10.3390/insects16040372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pesticides such as neonicotinoids frequently harm beneficial insect pollinators and affect their survival, social behavior, digestive system, and metabolism. Investigating the mechanisms behind these impairments is crucial for enhancing pesticide risk assessments. <i>Apis cerana</i>, a native honeybee species in Asia, has received limited research attention regarding the toxicological mechanisms of thiamethoxam (TMX) exposure. We exposed newly emerged worker bees of <i>A. cerana</i> to a field-relevant dose of TMX (400 ng/g) under laboratory conditions to examine whether TMX exposure triggers similar or distinct effects in different biological processes and tissues. Our results demonstrate that TMX damages the gut cell structure and significantly increases mortality. Gut transcriptomic analysis revealed that the activation of signaling pathways such as glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, Notch signaling, and Wnt signaling likely contributed to structural damage in gut cells. Head transcriptomic results indicated that the activation of pathways including pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, thiamine metabolism, and riboflavin metabolism might negatively affect the stability of the neural system in <i>A. cerana</i>. The metabolic dysfunction of glycine, serine, threonine, as well as glycerophospholipids potentially impairs the neural system, leading to behavioral abnormalities and mortality. In summary, field-level TMX damages the gut cell structure, destabilizes the neural system, and increases the mortality rate of <i>A. cerana</i>. These findings demonstrate that TMX exposure induces complex, tissue-specific effects. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the molecular and physiological impacts of TMX on <i>A. cerana</i>, offering valuable insights for the conservation and protection of this important pollinator species.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12028093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}