Insects最新文献

{"title":"Phytochemical and Insecticidal Activity of Some Thyme Plants' Essential Oils Against <i>Cryptoblabes gnidiella</i> and <i>Scirtothrips mangiferae</i> on Mango Inflorescences.","authors":"Mohammad M Aljameeli, Nawal Abdulaziz Alfuhaid, Ahmed Ramadan El-Rokh, Samira A El-Salam, May A Elhefni, Amira S El-Rahman, Esraa M Hussein, Jazem A Mahyoub, Hayam Elshazly, Hanan S Alyahya, Shatha I Alqurashi, Mohamed A Abdein, El-Sayed M Qaoud, Marwa M Mosallam","doi":"10.3390/insects16090922","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16090922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mango fruits are one of the strategic fruit crops in different countries that are attacked by several serious pests such as <i>Cryptoblabes gnidiella</i> and <i>Scirtothrips mangiferae</i>. Natural extracts, especially essential oils, provide several promising insecticide agents to control different insects as an alternative to synthetic insecticides. Using Clevenger-type hydrodistillation, the essential oils of five thyme plants-<i>Thymus vulgaris, Origanum vulgare, Thymus argenteus, Thymus citriodorus,</i> and <i>Origanum syriacum</i>-from Saudi Arabia and Egypt were extracted, and GC/MS analysis was performed. In addition, some chemical parameters of the five species were determined, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, <i>β</i>-carotene, total antioxidant capacity, total phenols, and total flavonoids. Two compounds, thymol and carvacrol, were identified in <i>T. vulgaris</i> and <i>O. vulgare</i> at ratios of 69.45 and 64.82%, respectively. These major compounds were isolated and identified using ¹H NMR analysis. The insecticidal potentials of the five essential oils and their pure isolated compounds were evaluated on <i>C. gnidiella</i> and <i>S. mangiferae</i> on mango inflorescences. The results showed that <i>T. vulgaris</i> and <i>O. vulgare</i> oils were the most potent against <i>C. gnidiella</i> (LC₅₀, 183.33 and 164.68 ppm, respectively) and <i>S. mangiferae</i> (18.93 and 16.93 ppm, respectively). Thymol and carvacrol had the highest effect on both insects. Furthermore, the effect of thymol and carvacrol at LC₅₀ values on some biochemical parameters of <i>C. gnidiella</i> was determined. Therefore, thymol and carvacrol from <i>Thymus</i> species are promising compounds that could be used as insecticides against the harmful insects <i>C. gnidiella</i> and <i>S. mangiferae</i> on mango inflorescences.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Jiang et al. A Review of the Genus <i>Ambulyx</i> Westwood, 1847 (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from China Based on Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses, with the Description of a New Species. <i>Insects</i> 2025, <i>16</i>, 223.","authors":"Zhuo-Heng Jiang, Ian J Kitching, Xiao-Dong Xu, Zhen-Bang Xu, Ming Yan, Wen-Bo Yu, Chang-Qiu Liu, Shao-Ji Hu","doi":"10.3390/insects16090920","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16090920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the original publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145175106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the Functional Responses of Four Neotropical-Native Parasitoids to Enhance Their Role as Biocontrol Agents Against <i>Anastrepha fraterculus</i> Pest Populations.","authors":"Segundo Ricardo Núñez-Campero, Lorena Del Carmen Suárez, Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia, Jorge Cancino, Pablo Montoya, Sergio Marcelo Ovruski","doi":"10.3390/insects16090919","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16090919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Anastrepha fraterculus</i> (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a significant fruit pest of economic and quarantine importance in South America. Biological control using augmentative releases of parasitoids or conservation strategies for these natural enemies are handy tools in integrated fruit fly management programs. The functional response describes the natural enemy consumption rate with increasing resource density. Such information may be relevant for selecting the parasitoid species that is potentially most suitable to serve as a biocontrol agent of <i>A. fraterculus</i>. Furthermore, the number of discarded hosts determined from functional response analysis might be used to estimate suitable host densities, avoiding wastage of larvae/puparia associated with host overproduction. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the functional response of four Neotropical-native parasitoid species commonly associated with species of the <i>Anastrepha</i> genus in the Americas, such as the pupal parasitoid <i>Coptera haywardi</i> (Ogloblin) (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) and the larval parasitoids <i>Ganaspis pelleranoi</i> (Brèthes) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), <i>Doryctobracon crawfordi</i> (Viereck), and <i>Opius bellus</i> Gahan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The package \"<i>frair</i>\" from R software was used to determine the functional response type and parameter estimation, enabling selection, fitting, and comparison among standard functional response models and integral parameters. Four relevant conclusions can be highlighted: (a) <i>G. pelleranoi</i> showed a flexible functional response, with a statistically significant deviation to a Type III rather than a Type II response found among the three other parasitoid species; (b) <i>G. pelleranoi</i> had a handling time significantly lower than the other tested parasitoid species; (c) the number of attacked hosts varied among all four parasitoid species, with <i>C. haywardi</i> and <i>G. pelleranoi</i> exhibiting the highest proportion of attacks at low and high host densities, respectively; and (d) the percentage of discarded hosts was significantly low at 1-5 and 1-20 hosts per parasitoid in <i>C. haywardi</i> and <i>G. pelleranoi</i>, respectively, whereas in both <i>D. crawfordi</i> and <i>O. bellus</i>, it was high at any offered host density. Results provide helpful comparative information about the possible performance of these species as biocontrol agents against <i>A. fraterculus</i> populations within augmentative and/or conservative biological control programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145175049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitin Assessment in Insect-Based Products from Reference Methods to Near-Infrared Models.","authors":"Audrey Pissard, Sébastien Gofflot, Vincent Baeten, Bernard Lecler, Bénédicte Lorrette, Jean-François Morin, Frederic Debode","doi":"10.3390/insects16090924","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16090924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global insect farming sector is rapidly expanding, driven by rising demand for sustainable protein sources and its potential to contribute to food security solutions. This study focuses on the quantification of chitin by comparing two gravimetric methods (ADF-ADL and crude fiber estimation) with a purification method considered as a reference method. It also aims to use the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to rapidly assess the quality of insect meals, in particular the macronutrients (moisture, protein, fat) and chitin content in a large data set of insect samples. Both alternative methods overestimated chitin content compared to the enzymatic purification method, which is the most reliable but more complex and expensive. Given their advantages (fairly simple, no significant investment, higher sample throughput, relatively short time execution), they can serve for rapid screening when precise chitin determination is not required. Calibration models showed good performance, particularly for protein and fat determination, and satisfactory results for chitin prediction. The NIRS models show promises for rapid and reliable prediction of insect products, although the chitin assessment remains to be further validated. Its implementation could streamline chemical quality control in insect-based food and feed production, offering speed and flexibility for industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145175130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Xu et al. Four New Species of Larval <i>Charletonia</i> and <i>Leptus</i> (Acari: Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae), with a Checklist of the Two Genera and Their Hosts from China. <i>Insects</i> 2022, <i>13</i>, 1154.","authors":"Si-Yuan Xu, Tian-Ci Yi, Jian-Jun Guo, Dao-Chao Jin","doi":"10.3390/insects16090912","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16090912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the original publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145175137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity Characteristics and Composition of Gut Microbiota in <i>Antheraea pernyi</i> (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) Larvae Across Different Instars.","authors":"Peng Hou, Li Liu, Xin Ma, Ying Men, Ding Yang, Jianfeng Wang, Chuntian Zhang","doi":"10.3390/insects16090909","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16090909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Antheraea pernyi</i> (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is an economically important silk-producing insect, whose gut microbiota play a crucial role in growth, development, and nutrient metabolism. This study focused on the entire larval developmental stages of <i>A. pernyi.</i> Using the Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing platform, we performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing on the gut microbiota of laboratory-reared <i>A. pernyi</i> larvae, analyzing in detail the composition and diversity characteristics of the gut microbial communities across all five instars (1st to 5th instar). Additionally, functional predictions were conducted to explore the potential roles of these microbiota during larvae development. The study revealed that the core gut microbiota of <i>A. pernyi</i> larvae primarily consisted of Actinomycetota (39.78%), Cyanobacteriota (32.46%), Bacillota (18.08%), and Pseudomonadota (9.02%). Among these, Actinomycetota dominated in the 1st to 4th-instar larvae, while Cyanobacteriota became the predominant phylum in the 5th instar. Linear discriminant analysis effect size identified statistically significant biomarkers across different instar larvae of <i>A. pernyi.</i> Alpha diversity analysis showed that gut microbiota diversity initially increased and then decreased with larval development, peaking in the 3rd instar, and reaching its lowest level in the 5th instar. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of beta diversity indicated that the gut microbiota structures of the 1st to 4th instars were similar but significantly differed from that of the 5th instar. Functional prediction analysis based on the KEGG database revealed that Carbohydrate metabolism and Amino acid metabolism-related genes were significantly lower in the 5th instar compared to other instars, while Energy metabolism and Cofactor and vitamin metabolism-related genes were significantly higher. This study offers valuable insights for the development of gut microbial resources in Lepidoptera insects.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Plasticity, Waste Bioconversion, and Insect Detoxification in the Anthropocene.","authors":"Anelise Christ-Ribeiro, Janaína Barreto Alves Zacheski, Andressa Jantzen da Silva Lucas, Larine Kupski","doi":"10.3390/insects16090915","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16090915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Anthropocene, marked by rapid and extensive environmental changes, poses distinct evolutionary pressures and opportunities for species adaptation. Insects, among the most diverse and resilient taxa, exhibit notable dietary plasticity and the ability to convert low-value biomass-such as agro-industrial and urban waste-into usable nutrients. This review explores how these traits serve as adaptive strategies, enabling insects to thrive and expand into novel, human-altered habitats. We examine the evolution of insect nutritional requirements and how alternative diets influence physiological, behavioral, and reproductive traits, ultimately enhancing resilience to anthropogenic stressors. The capacity of insects to metabolize diverse substrates not only supports their role in food security and circular economy initiatives but also provides valuable insights into detoxification pathways and metabolic flexibility in environments rich in xenobiotics. By synthesizing key studies, we highlight the pivotal role insects play in redefining ecosystem functions under human influence. This review underscores the intersection of nutritional and evolutionary biology in understanding insect success in the Anthropocene, emphasizing the importance of nutritional knowledge for both ecological research and applied insect farming systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Intersection of Microplastics and Black Soldier Fly Larvae: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Claudiu-Nicusor Ionica, Romelia Pop, Raluca Paula Popa, Alexandru-Flaviu Tabaran, Dragos Hodor, Sergiu Condor, Sorana Daina, Andrei-Radu Szakacs, Adrian Macri","doi":"10.3390/insects16090913","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16090913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastic pollution has become a critical environmental issue, affecting terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems. These pollutants, originating from plastic degradation and primary sources, can act as carriers for harmful substances such as heavy metals and organic contaminants. While mitigation efforts are still in development, biological systems, particularly Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL), have shown promise in organic waste management and pollutant bioaccumulation. Recent research explores the potential of BSFL to interact with and degrade microplastic particles, although the mechanisms remain underexplored. The role of microbial communities in facilitating microplastic degradation is of growing interest, as well as the impact of microplastic ingestion on the larvae's efficiency in organic waste breakdown. However, experimental inconsistencies and environmental variations continue to delay progress, underscoring the need for further study to optimize bioremediation strategies and assess long-term ecological effects. This systematic review aims to explore the interactions between microplastics and BSFL, focusing on their potential as a bioremediation agent. It investigates the larvae's ability to reduce microplastic pollution through bioaccumulation and degradation processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic Analysis of <i>Chilo suppressalis</i> (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Reveals Cold Tolerance Mechanisms Under Parasitism Stress.","authors":"Chuan-Lei Dong, Elyar Abil, Rong Ji, Yu-Zhou Du, Ming-Xing Lu","doi":"10.3390/insects16090907","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16090907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parasitoids exhibit remarkable abilities to manipulate host physiology, ensuring offspring survival and development. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying how the parasitoid <i>Cotesia chilonis</i> modulates cold tolerance in its host, the rice stem borer <i>Chilo suppressalis</i>, using transcriptome sequencing. We found that the host larvae's supercooling point was lowest at 3 days post-parasitism but increased significantly by day 4. Transcriptome analysis identified 507 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 235 up-regulated by parasitism. Functional enrichment revealed that these DEGs were primarily associated with ribosome biogenesis, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and oxidative phosphorylation under parasitism stress. Notably, 24 DEGs linked to temperature tolerance were predominantly heat shock proteins (HSPs) and calcium signaling-related genes. The reliability of transcriptome data was confirmed via RT-qPCR for eight randomly selected DEGs. Functional assays demonstrated that parasitism stress significantly inhibited ER activity. However, HSP expression did not significantly affect ER activity or cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration in the hemolymph cells of <i>C. suppressalis</i> larvae. This research provides insights into the complex physiological and molecular mechanisms through which <i>C. suppressalis</i> responds to parasitism stress, particularly concerning cold tolerance modulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145175119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible Fossil Larvae of Staphylinidae from Kachin Amber and a Quantitative Morphological Comparison Indicate That Rove Beetle Larvae Partly Replaced Lacewing Larvae.","authors":"Joachim T Haug, Ana Zippel, Gideon T Haug, Carolin Haug","doi":"10.3390/insects16090910","DOIUrl":"10.3390/insects16090910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The highly diverse group of rove beetles, Staphylinidae, displays a great morphological variety across both adult and larval stages. However, due to the often cryptic habitats of their larvae, comprehensive descriptions of larval morphologies across extant ingroups remain incomplete. Also, the fossil record of rove beetle larvae appears to be sparse to date. We report here 35 newly identified fossil larvae of Staphylinidae from eight pieces of Myanmar Kachin amber, dating to the Cretaceous. Notably, one amber piece preserves three larval syninclusions, while another contains nine adults alongside twenty-six larvae, providing rare evidence of larval-adult co-occurrence in ancient environments. Given the predominantly predatory life cycle of extant rove beetles, the morphological similarities of these fossils to modern groups suggest comparable ecological roles in the Cretaceous, likely involving specialised forward-protruding mandibles adapted for a predatory lifestyle. A morphometric analysis of larvae of Staphylinidae alongside other extant and fossil predatory insect larvae still revealed significant differences between extant and fossil rove beetle larvae. Furthermore, Cretaceous rove beetle larvae differ from Cretaceous lacewing larvae in their head and mandible shape. In the modern fauna, the diversity of lacewing larvae is lower, and some modern rove beetle larvae now occupy areas formerly occupied by lacewing larvae. This result indicates that rove beetle larvae diversified after the Cretaceous, taking over certain ecological functions of lacewing larvae, likely representing a case of ecological substitution.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}