Insects最新文献

{"title":"Immune-Related Genes in the Honey Bee Mite <i>Varroa destructor</i> (<i>Acarina, Parasitidae</i>).","authors":"Alfonso Cacace, Giovanna De Leva, Ilaria Di Lelio, Andrea Becchimanzi","doi":"10.3390/insects16040356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite its ecological and economic importance, many aspects of <i>Varroa destructor</i>'s biology remain poorly understood, particularly its defense mechanisms against pathogens. The limited knowledge of <i>Varroa</i>'s immunity has hindered the development of RNA interference (RNAi)-based strategies targeting immune-related genes. In this study, we investigated the immune gene repertoire of <i>V. destructor</i> by querying its NCBI nr protein database and comparing it to model species of ticks (<i>Ixodes scapularis</i>) and mites (<i>Galendromus occidentalis</i> and <i>Tetranychus urticae</i>). Transcription of candidate immune genes was confirmed by analyzing a de novo assembled transcriptome of <i>V. destructor</i>. Our findings reveal that <i>V. destructor</i> shares key immunological traits with ticks, including lysozymes, chitinases, and thioester-containing proteins (TEPs), but also shares the absence of transmembrane peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), Gram-negative binding proteins, and several lectin families involved in pathogen recognition. Additionally, <i>Varroa</i> mites, like ticks, lack homologs of crucial immune signaling components, such as the unpaired ligand (JAK/STAT), Eiger (JNK), and multiple elements of the IMD pathway. They also do not encode canonical antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) like defensins but possess putative homologs of ctenidins, AMPs previously identified in spiders and ticks, which may be adopted as a novel genetic readout for immune response in mites. Our findings lay the groundwork for future functional studies on mite immunity and open new avenues for RNAi-based biocontrol strategies targeting immune pathways to enhance <i>Varroa</i> management.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12027997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abundance of the Dominant Endosymbiont <i>Rickettsia</i> and Fitness of the Stored-Product Pest <i>Liposcelis bostrychophila</i> (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae).","authors":"Chunqi Bai, Yiwen Duan, Chao Zhao, Lei Yan, Duangsamorn Suthisut, Jianhua Lü, Yueliang Bai, Fangfang Zeng, Meng Zhang","doi":"10.3390/insects16040349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endosymbiotic bacteria are key factors that regulate the biological traits of <i>Liposcelis bostrychophila</i>. This study employed metagenomic methods to analyze the dominant species of symbiotic microorganisms associated with <i>L. bostrychophila</i>. By controlling the environmental temperature, we were able to manipulate the abundance of endosymbionts and establish populations with high, medium, and low levels of these bacteria. This allowed us to examine the fitness parameters of <i>L. bostrychophila</i> under different levels of endosymbiont abundance. The experimental results revealed that <i>L. bostrychophila</i> hosts 51 genera of symbiotic microorganisms, with <i>Rickettsia</i> being the dominant genus, accounting for 84.11% to 98.16% of the total share. Environmental temperature significantly affected the abundance of <i>Rickettsi</i>a, with notable differences observed during the adult stage of <i>L. bostrychophila</i>. A temperature gradient of 28 °C, 35 °C, and 37 °C was established, allowing for the classification of populations based on <i>Rickettsia</i> abundance into three categories: high-abundance populations (<i>LBhp</i>), medium-abundance populations (<i>LBmp</i>), and low-abundance populations (<i>LBlp</i>). The abundance of <i>Rickettsia</i> had a significant impact on the fitness of <i>L. bostrychophila</i>. Specifically, a high abundance of <i>Rickettsia</i> contributed positively to population fitness by increasing egg production, prolonging egg hatching time, enhancing lifespan, and improving both survival and reproductive rates. Therefore, the endosymbiont <i>Rickettsia</i> plays a crucial role in the growth and development of <i>L. bostrychophila</i>. In the future, our research will help further uncover the interactions between <i>Rickettsia</i> and its host, providing new perspectives for pest control and offering a better understanding of insect biology and ecology.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12028104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Temperature, Humidity, and Photophase on the Developmental Stages of <i>Spodoptera litura</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Prediction of Its Population Dynamics.","authors":"Chun Fu, Zhiqian Liu, Danping Xu, Tingjiang Gan, Xinqi Deng, Honghua Zhang, Zhihang Zhuo","doi":"10.3390/insects16040355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Spodoptera litura</i> (Fabricius, 1775) is a major agricultural pest that primarily targets vegetables, cash crops, peanuts, and sugarcane. It causes damage to leaves, flower buds, and fruits, leading to significant reductions in crop yields. Global climate change may profoundly affect the population dynamics and biological traits of this pest. This research employs a meta-analysis to systematically investigate the impact of temperature variation on the developmental parameters of <i>S. litura</i>. A detailed review of 17 relevant studies reveals that within an optimal temperature range (30 °C to 35 °C), higher temperatures expedite the developmental processes of <i>S. litura</i>, shorten its life cycle, and enhance the reproductive potential of female adults. In contrast, temperatures exceeding 35 °C slow down its development, increase mortality rates, and markedly reduce the egg-laying capacity of females, highlighting the adverse effects of heat stress on growth and reproduction. Furthermore, different life stages of <i>S. litura</i> exhibit varying degrees of temperature sensitivity, with the larval stage being particularly vulnerable to high temperatures, while extreme heat significantly suppresses adult survival. These meta-analysis findings shed light on the biological responses of <i>S. litura</i> to climate change and provide a scientific basis for developing future pest management strategies. As global temperatures rise, moderate warming may facilitate the spread of <i>S. litura</i> populations, exacerbating their threat to crop production, whereas extreme heat conditions could constrain their growth. Consequently, pest control strategies must be more region-specific and aligned with local climatic trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12027962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout of <i>BmGDAP2</i> in the Silkworm, <i>Bombyx mori</i>: Extended Lifespan and Altered Gene Expression Impacting Developmental Pathways.","authors":"Chaojun Yuan, Zichong Zhou, Qifeng Guo, Ying Yang, Yue Sun, Yong Liu, Wenyi Jia, Shuoqi Fan, Jinxin Wu, Xiaoting Hua, Ping Lin, Ping Zhao, Qingyou Xia","doi":"10.3390/insects16040354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 2 (<i>GDAP2</i>) is a gene involved in hereditary cerebellar ataxia. At present, little is known about the function of <i>GDAP2</i> in insects. In this study, <i>BmGDAP2</i> was detected to be highly expressed in the head, epidermis, midgut, and anterior silk glands of silkworms. We generated a knockout mutant, <i>BmGDAP2</i> (<i>BmGDAP2</i>^KO), using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Compared with that of the wild-type, the growth cycle of <i>BmGDAP2</i>^KO larvae was significantly prolonged, while their body size was reduced. Furthermore, we found 149 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between <i>BmGDAP2</i>^KO and the wild-type, including 106 upregulated and 43 downregulated genes. GO annotation analysis indicated that <i>BmGDAP2</i> primarily influences structural and molecular activities, as well as catalytic and binding functions. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in pathways related to peroxidase activity, hormone synthesis, apoptosis, and longevity regulation. Further investigation focused on candidate genes related to these pathways. We found that the expression levels of <i>MAD2L1</i>, which can inhibit cell proliferation and promote apoptosis, and <i>Aurka</i>-b, which plays a crucial role in cell cycle regulation, were significantly reduced in <i>BmGDAP2</i>^KO silkworms. These changes may interfere with the normal functions of cell division, leading to the prolonged developmental cycle observed in <i>BmGDAP2</i>^KO larvae. Our findings demonstrate that knockout of <i>BmGDAP2</i> significantly prolongs the life cycle of <i>Bombyx mori</i> by affecting genes related to autophagy, apoptosis, and hormone regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12028214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive Insecticidal Effects of Chitosan/dsRNA Nanoparticles Targeting <i>V-ATPaseD</i> and Emamectin Benzoate-Lufenuron Formulations Against <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).","authors":"Shigang Guo, Zhongwei Li, Xuhui Zhao, Donghai Zhang, Camilo Ayra-Pardo, Yunchao Kan, Dandan Li","doi":"10.3390/insects16040348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fall armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, a lepidopteran pest from the family Noctuidae, has become a major invasive pest since 2016. Using RNAi methods to control <i>S. frugiperda</i> is currently under investigation. This study is the first to target the <i>V-ATPaseD</i> gene of <i>S. frugiperda</i> using RNAi. Injection of dsRNA-V-ATPaseD into the hemolymph of 4th-instar larvae significantly suppressed gene expression at 24 and 48 h post-injection. Treated larvae showed delayed development and reduced pupation after 7 days. Subsequently, <i>V-ATPaseD</i> silencing was achieved through topical or oral administration of chitosan/dsRNA-V-ATPaseD nanoparticles. Larvae fed these nanoparticles exhibited significant reductions in <i>V-ATPaseD</i> mRNA at 72 h, persisting until 96 h before normalizing. Additionally, the treated larvae displayed disrupted molting and impaired pupation. Furthermore, larvae fed chitosan/dsRNA-V-ATPaseD were more susceptible to emamectin benzoate-lufenuron at LC30 concentrations, resulting in 68% mortality-27% higher than the pesticide alone-72 h post-exposure. Combining chitosan/dsRNA-V-ATPaseD nanoparticles with emamectin benzoate-lufenuron significantly enhanced pest control efficacy, providing new insights into pesticide reduction and sustainable pest control methods for this invasive species.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12027604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dangers of Growing Old: Adult Moths Face Higher Predation Pressures than Caterpillars in <i>Hyles lineata</i>.","authors":"Braulio A Sanchez, Oceane Da Cunha, Jackson W Savage, L Miles Horne, Sol Saenz-Arreola, Kajaya Pollard, Oliver Neria, Spencer Duffendack, Simon Terrazas, Javier M Diaz, John Deitsch, Brett M Seymoure","doi":"10.3390/insects16040347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Holometabolous insects display drastically different morphologies across life stages (i.e., larvae vs. adults). Morphological differences across life stages, such as different sizes and coloration, likely result in differential survival, as predators may find individuals of one life stage more conspicuous and/or more energetically profitable than another. Furthermore, prey conspicuousness may vary temporally because both the sensory environment and predator sensory abilities differ between day and night. Here, we investigated how the interaction between life stage (caterpillar vs. moth) and time of day (day vs. night) influences predation of the white-lined sphinx (Lepidoptera: <i>Hyles lineata</i>). We predicted that caterpillars would be less susceptible to predation than adult moths, as adults are larger and have a more conspicuous shape. After quantifying predation for 72 h during dawn and dusk using 199 plasticine replicas each of adults and caterpillars, predation on adult replicas was twice that of predation on caterpillar replicas. Furthermore, replicas were six times more likely to be predated on during the day than during the night. Lastly, attacks were made mainly by birds, which carried out 86% of the attacks on adult models and 85% of those on caterpillar models. These data support the hypothesis that predation rates differ across life stages in holometabolous insects. This research lays a foundation for further investigation into how specific differences in morphology across life stages affect predation and survival in holometabolous insects.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12027859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Selected Plant Essential Oils for Aphid Pest Control in Integrated Pest Management.","authors":"José Luis Casas, María López Santos-Olmo, Aitor Sagarduy-Cabrera, Mᵃ Ángeles Marcos-García","doi":"10.3390/insects16040353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aphids are major agricultural pests, feeding on plant sap and transmitting viruses to economically important crops. The use of synthetic pesticides is increasingly restricted due to stricter regulations aimed at protecting both human and environmental health. To address this challenge, we investigated the potential of essential oils (EOs) extracted from rosemary (<i>Salvia rosmarinus</i> Spenn.), laurel (<i>Laurus nobilis</i> L.), and cypress (<i>Cupressus sempervirens</i> L.) as alternatives to synthetic insecticides, while ensuring compatibility with biological control strategies. The EOs were extracted via hydrodistillation, diluted in acetone, and tested against the aphid <i>Myzus persicae</i> and its natural predator, the hoverfly (<i>Sphaerophoria rueppellii</i>). Aphid mortality was dose-dependent, reaching 85% with rosemary EO, 83% with laurel, and 81% with cypress. In contrast, hoverfly larvae mortality remained low, with a maximum of 20%, which could largely be attributed to the solvent used in the assays. These promising results support further research to develop effective EO-based tools for integrated pest management.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12028055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of the Adverse Impacts of Old Combs on Honeybee Colonies and Recommended Beekeeping Management Strategies.","authors":"Qingxin Meng, Rong Huang, Shunhua Yang, Wutao Jiang, Yakai Tian, Kun Dong","doi":"10.3390/insects16040351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The honeybee comb serves as the primary site for all essential colony activities, and its structural and functional integrity plays a crucial role in colony development. As combs age through successive brood-rearing cycles, their physicochemical properties undergo significant changes, which can negatively affect colony health and productivity. This review synthesizes the current knowledge on the biological functions of combs, the aging process, and the negative impacts of old combs on cell structure, worker morphology, colony strength, and bee product quality. Additionally, it examines the adaptive strategies employed by honeybees and the recommended beekeeping management practices to mitigate these effects. Specifically, old combs undergo structural changes in cell dimensions and reduced spatial capacity, leading to the growth of smaller bees with diminished foraging and productivity. Furthermore, bee products, such as honey and beeswax, collected from old combs demonstrate compromised quality and higher levels of environmental contaminants. To counteract these challenges, colonies engage in hygienic behaviors, such as cell cleaning and comb rebuilding, while their enhanced immune and detoxification systems help mitigate comb-derived stressors. This review demonstrates that the systematic replacement of old brood combs is a critical management strategy to optimize bee health and ensure sustainable apiculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12028284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Sources of Possible Associated Pathogens and Contaminants of Stingless Bees in the Neotropics.","authors":"Joseline Sofía Ocaña-Cabrera, Sarah Martin-Solano, Claude Saegerman","doi":"10.3390/insects16040350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stingless bees are crucial for pollination and support diverse ecological relationships, offering economic benefits and contributing to enhanced crop yields. Their tropical pollinator status makes them highly sensitive to environmental changes and disruptions, which could affect their survival, as well as to pathogens that threaten their health. The lack of comprehensive research and the scattering of reports make it difficult to identify pathogens and contaminants. This review aims to provide an overview of diseases in stingless bees, examine chemical contaminants in their products, and explore threatened sources. Using the PRISMA flowchart, a total of 30 articles from 2009 to 2024 concerning pathogens and contaminants in stingless bees were retrieved. A total of 15 pathogens and 26 pollutants affect life expectancy and survival rate of stingless bees (mainly the genera <i>Melipona</i> and <i>Tetragonisca</i>) were identified in five major areas of the Neotropics, including Brazil, Mexico, Costa Rica, Australia, and Asia. Studies indicated that the bacterial genera <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Melissococcus</i>, and <i>Lysinibacillus</i> are affecting the survival of stingless bees, particularly their brood, and contributing to annual colony deaths. Heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and microplastics have been detected in by-products of stingless bees, especially honey. Epidemiological research is crucial, including studies on pathogens associated with diseases, the effects of contaminants on bees, and the development of quality guidelines for stingless-bee products.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12027748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interspecific Mating Is Trivial and Asymmetrical Between Two Destructive <i>Anoplophora</i> Beetles.","authors":"Tian Xu, Wenbo Wang, Xiaoyuan Chen, Jing Ma, Ruixu Chen, Xue Sun, Yang Yang, Guohao Li, Yadi Deng, Dejun Hao","doi":"10.3390/insects16040352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Asian longhorn beetle (ALB), <i>Anoplophora glabripennis</i>, and citrus longhorn beetle (CLB), <i>Anoplophora chinensis</i>, are two destructive invasive wood-boring pests, with high similarities in morphology, geographical distribution, host range, life cycle, adult behaviors and male-produced pheromone, implying a potential existence of interspecific interactions. Matings have been found to occur across females and males of the two species when manually paired in confined spaces. However, interspecific mating and its regulating factors are unclear between sympatric populations on hosts. Herein, by observing mountings and tracking the beetles that freely coexisted on host branches in cages, we found that the majority of mountings appeared within species; however, interspecific mountings occasionally occurred between male CLBs and female ALBs. The CLB was more active than the ALB at night. It seems that males actively searched for female ALBs, while the inverse was the case with CLBs. The main release periods of shared pheromone components overlapped between the two species, while compound ratios had significant differences. Our results unveil a trivial and asymmetrical interspecific mating between ALBs and CLBs, implying a risk of co-outbreaks of the two species in either native or invaded areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":13642,"journal":{"name":"Insects","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12027497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}