Infectious Disease Reports最新文献

{"title":"<i>Dirofilaria</i> spp. Detection in Dog Blood Samples from Southern Poland-A Retrospective Data Analysis.","authors":"Olga Pawełczyk, Paulina Iwase, Bartosz Wierzba, Jolanta Szłapka-Kosarzewska","doi":"10.3390/idr18030052","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18030052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Dirofilaria</i> spp. is an etiological agent of dirofilariasis, a mosquito-borne parasitic disease of increasing zoonotic concern in Europe. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of <i>Dirofilaria</i> spp. in dogs from Southern Poland using retrospective data from a commercial veterinary diagnostic laboratory (Vetlab, Katowice, Poland).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood tests from 2060 dogs were analyzed between 1 August 2018 and 31 December 2022. All samples were collected by the clinicians during routine veterinary activity and examined by a specific test-microscopic (blood smear/blood smear and Knott's test), molecular or both-from the Vetlab laboratory offer (test selected by clinician).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of all examined dogs, 19 (0.92%) tested positive for <i>Dirofilaria</i>. Positive samples originated from the Śląskie (n = 13), Opolskie (n = 3), and Małopolskie (n = 3) voivodeships. Co-infections with <i>Babesia</i> spp. and <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. were identified in two blood samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates the presence of <i>Dirofilaria</i> spp. in dogs from Southern Poland, a region where data about dirofilariasis cases remain limited. Its overall occurrence was low in comparison to endemic areas in Central Poland. However, the presence of confirmed cases highlights the need for increased veterinary awareness, implementation of preventive measures, and further molecular epidemiological studies to better evaluate the risk of exposure to <i>Dirofilaria</i> in this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13299744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148316899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meningococcal Outbreaks in Tertiary Education Settings in the United Kingdom: Lessons from the 2026 Kent Cluster for Surveillance, Vaccination Policy, and Institutional Preparedness in Sub-Saharan Africa-A Narrative Review.","authors":"Malizgani Mhango, Enos Moyo, Nigel Tungwarara, Knowledge Denhere, Moses Chirimbana, Tafadzwa Dzinamarira","doi":"10.3390/idr18030051","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18030051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In March 2026, a meningococcal cluster centred on the University of Kent, England, caused two deaths and resulted in over 20 reported cases within the first week, including confirmed and suspected invasive cases. Subsequent UKHSA updates in early April 2026 reported 21 laboratory-confirmed MenB cases (18 linked to the outbreak strain) and two deaths, with the outbreak subsequently spreading to a second Canterbury university, Canterbury Christ Church University, and confirmed as Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (MenB). Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) bears a disproportionate global burden of meningococcal disease, yet university settings remain a critically understudied outbreak amplifier. This narrative review extracts epidemiological and policy lessons from the Kent event and applies them to the SSA context.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a narrative review following the SANRA criteria, searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online (2000-2026), with supplementary grey literature retrieved from World Health Organisation (WHO), Africa Centre for Disease Control, and United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA). Outbreak data were drawn from official UKHSA public-health statements (grey literature, archived), the University of Kent communications, and peer-reviewed expert commentary.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Canterbury outbreak exposed six reproducible vulnerabilities: unprotected serogroup circulation (confirmed MenB, not covered for the current university-age cohort), nightlife-linked transmission amplification, delayed serogroup identification, poor student symptom-recognition, inadequate institutional response capacity, and, critically, multi-institutional spread via shared nightlife venues (confirmed extension to Canterbury Christ Church University within five days). Each vulnerability is demonstrably more severe in SSA universities, which face a broader multi-serogroup threat environment (NmA, B, C, W, X), virtually no university-entry vaccination requirement, and critical evidence gap of campus-specific meningococcal evidence in the published literature.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review proposes a five-pillar preparedness framework for SSA tertiary institutions, derived from a synthesis of the Kent outbreak and broader epidemiological evidence, intended to inform policy discussion and future research. Moreover, these should be embedded within a broader age-linked prevention strategy that begins before university entry, particularly during the transition into secondary school in high-risk settings. Priority measures include meningococcal vaccination at key educational transition points, prophylactic antibiotic pre-positioning, serogroup-capable surveillance, symptom-recognition training, and pan-continental alert <i>A</i> predominantly reactive response may carry substantial risk in SSA settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13299946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148317044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular Metabolic Signatures of Long COVID-19.","authors":"Sujata Srikanth, Diana Ivankovic, Lucia Gonzales, Delphine Dean, Luigi Boccuto","doi":"10.3390/idr18030050","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18030050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Long COVID-19 (LC-19), also known as Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS), is a chronic condition some people experience after an initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. The etiology of this complex, multifactorial disease remains largely unknown, although various theories have been propounded. This study aims to profile and compare the metabolic activity of cells of normal and LC-19 patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of 20 individuals, 10 with LC-19 and 10 without LC-19, was selected based on their post-COVID-19 symptomatology. Saliva was tested for opportunistic viruses like Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). Lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from blood were analyzed using the Biolog Phenotype Mammalian Microarrays (PM-M1, PM-M6, and PM-M7) to assess metabolic activity across a wide array of growth substrates and effector molecules.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Unique metabolic profiles emerged across the controls and LC-19 groups. The SARS-CoV-2 infection causes an over two-fold enhanced utilization of glycolytic and anaerobic substrates and a reduced response to growth factors and effectors. The increased energy source utilization assessed in PM-M1 is unsustainable, and the LC-19 groups demonstrate this with a clear correlation with the number of LC-19 symptoms, demonstrating a trend consistent with metabolic reprogramming. The infection also results in a reduced response to growth factors and effectors, assessed in PM-M6 and PM-M7, with the level of reduction commensurate with the symptom burden.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The data from the patient groups were analyzed and compared to construct a metabolic profile unique to individuals who developed LC-19, which could, in the future, be used for diagnosis and to identify targets for therapeutic intervention. Our study identified an LC-19-specific metabolic profile indicative of adaptive responses to stress, cellular dysfunction, and prolonged inflammation, leading to the reprogramming of bioenergetic pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13299657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148317015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Predictors of Fatal Outcomes and Prolonged Hospitalization of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Cases in Basrah, Iraq.","authors":"Mohammed H Al-Maliki, Celine Tabche, Alaa K Mousa, Ali R Hashim, Zeenah Atwan, Hassan A Farid, Maitham G Yousif, David Rawaf, Nazik Haikaz Hasrat, Murtadha Almusafer, Anees K Nile, Riyadh Al-Hilfi, Azeem Majeed, Alessandra Scagliarini, Salman Rawaf, Roaa Khafaji, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Haydar Witwit","doi":"10.3390/idr18030049","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18030049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The impact of climate change on birds' migration and ticks' reservoir habits is contributing to the spread of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), caused by CCHF virus (CCHFV), to new continents and countries. CCHF is endemic to the Eastern Mediterranean Region, including Iraq, and is witnessing a substantial surge in confirmed cases with considerable disparity and gaps in managing CCHF cases. The increasing CCHF spread across Asia, Africa, and Europe, including Spain and Turkey, highlights the danger of its expansion. Developing high-confidence diagnostic criteria, identifying risk factors, and accurate predictors of CCHF outcomes are critical to managing suspected and confirmed cases of CCHF and to reducing the current case fatality rate of CCHF, which is the goal of this study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We completed a retrospective evaluation of 61 confirmed cases of CCHF in Basrah (Iraq). The cases were screened according to the clinical presentation, and CCHF cases were identified by ELISA and validated by PCR. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22. T-tests, chi-square/Fisher exact tests, and Pearson's correlation were used, with significance set at <i>p</i> < 0.05 and high significance at <i>p</i> < 0.01.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that repeated exposure to animals during animal slaughtering was a significant risk factor. In addition, 5% of the patients with confirmed CCHF, mainly from rural areas, reported exposure to rats. Clinical presentations included fever, headache, gastrointestinal problems, eye and orbital symptoms, and hemorrhagic complications. Predictors of death included advanced age, decreased platelet counts, and neuropsychiatric symptoms such as delusions and confusion.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings identify clinical and laboratory features of CCHF cases in Iraq, which will help to implement the most effective interventions to manage CCHF cases and protect the public in all Iraqi governorates. In summary, this study highlights a recent and significant rise in CCHF cases in Basrah Governorate, Iraq. Notably, 5% of confirmed cases reported contact with rats. The paper also proposes diagnostic criteria and identifies key predictors of mortality to support improved clinical management of CCHF. These findings underscore the urgent need for strengthened public health interventions, including enhanced infection prevention and control measures, increased awareness, and improved surveillance systems. The findings have important implications for improving control procedures, guiding therapeutic development, informing vaccine strategies, and supporting evidence-based policy alongside future research efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148029784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Necrotizing Fasciitis in Northern Italy: Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Prognostic Value of the LRINEC Score-A Single-Center Retrospective Case Series.","authors":"Aurelia Sangani, Flavia Puci, Davide Tirro, Simona Villani, Camilla Torriani, Enrico Brunetti, Raffaele Bruno, Elisabetta Pagani","doi":"10.3390/idr18030048","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18030048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressive, life-threatening soft tissue infection characterized by fascial necrosis, with mortality rates of 20-30%. Despite its rarity, NF is increasingly encountered due to the rising prevalence of predisposing factors. Data from Southern European tertiary centers remain scarce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed all patients ≥18 years with radiological and/or surgical diagnosis of NF managed at IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy, between November 2018 and August 2023. Clinical, microbiological, and treatment data were extracted from electronic medical records. The Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) score was calculated retrospectively. The Charlson Comorbidity Index was computed for each patient. Given the small sample size, we adopted a purely descriptive analytical approach without inferential testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen patients met inclusion criteria (median age 58 years, IQR 44.5-79.5; 69.2% male). The most common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (6/13, 46.2%), renal failure (4/13, 30.8%), and chronic liver disease (4/13, 30.8%). The age-adjusted Charlson Index ranged from 0 to 11 (median 4). Lower limbs were the most frequently affected anatomic site (5/13, 38.5%), followed by the perineal/genital region (Fournier gangrene, 4/13, 30.8%). Type II (monomicrobial) NF predominated (9/13, 69.2%). Microbiological cultures were positive in 8/13 patients (61.5%): Gram-positive cocci were isolated in 5/8 (62.5%) and mixed aerobic/anaerobic flora in 3/8 (37.5%). Empirical antibiotic regimens included a piperacillin-tazobactam backbone in 6/12 (50.0%) patients and a meropenem-based combination in 5/12 (41.7%); 6/12 patients underwent targeted de-escalation after culture results. Two patients (15.4%) died in hospital, both with Fournier gangrene and Type I infection (mortality 2/4, 50.0% in Type I vs. 0/9 in Type II). The median length of stay was 26 days (IQR 17-28.5). All patients had LRINEC ≥6 at admission, with 9/13 (69.2%) classified as high risk (≥8).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this small retrospective Italian cohort, NF was most frequently associated with diabetes and high comorbidity burden. Type I (polymicrobial) infections, predominantly involving the perineal region, showed worse outcomes than Type II infections. The clinical experience accumulated during this study period subsequently informed the development of an institutional empirical antimicrobial protocol for skin and soft tissue infections at our hospital.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148029792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Climatic Factors with Frequency of Dengue.","authors":"Gracia Viviana González-Enríquez, Blanca Miriam Torres-Mendoza, Martha Escoto-Delgadillo, Efrain Chavarria-Avila, Sagrario Karina Esparza-Avila, Clara Esperanza Santacruz-Tinoco, Bernardo Martínez-Miguel, Magally Farah Diva Arenas-Sevilla, David Israel Javalera Castro","doi":"10.3390/idr18030047","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18030047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Climate change has contributed to the global resurgence of dengue, with a spike of more than 14.4 million dengue cases. This study aimed to analyze the association between dengue frequency with climatic factors, circulating serotypes, and disease severity in northwestern Mexico.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective time-series study was conducted using dengue molecular diagnostic data reported between September 2017 and January 2025 by the Laboratorio de Apoyo a la Vigilancia e Investigación Epidemiológica del Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Mexico. Data included dengue frequency, serotype distribution, and clinical severity across seven states in northwestern Mexico (Colima, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit, Sinaloa, and Sonora). Meteorological data were obtained from the Automatic Meteorological Stations of the National Water Commission. Associations between dengue frequency and climatic variables were evaluated using linear regression models. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v24 and R v3.5.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Jalisco, minimum, mean and maximum temperatures, as well as precipitation, were significant predictors of dengue cases, explaining approximately 21.7% of the variance (adjusted R² = 0.217, <i>p</i> < 0.001). In Colima and Michoacán, precipitation showed no predictive value. In Guanajuato, the maximum temperature was excluded from the model (adjusted R² = 0.226). Models for Nayarit, Sinaloa, and Sonora excluded two or more climatic variables, with adjusted R² values of 0.111, 0.151, and 0.049, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Climatic conditions and epidemiological time trends explain a modest proportion of dengue cases in northwestern Mexico, with the strongest association observed in Jalisco. Additional determinants, including vector ecology, host immunity, circulating serotypes, population mobility, and public health interventions, should be considered to better understand dengue dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148029805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facility-Level Access Drives Disparities in Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination in Long-Term Care Facilities in Southern Poland.","authors":"Zofia Gniadek, Estera Jachowicz-Matczak, Cezary Kapturkiewicz, Izabella Bylica, Dorota Romaniszyn, Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach","doi":"10.3390/idr18030045","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18030045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vaccinations prevent severe respiratory infections in older adults, yet uptake in Polish long-term care facilities (LTCFs) remains poorly characterized. We assessed influenza and pneumococcal vaccination coverage and factors associated with uptake, including the influence of local government financing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective observational study (January-June 2022), residents aged ≥65 years from eight LTCFs in southern Poland (four public, four private) were evaluated. Clinical data and geriatric assessments (Barthel Index, ADL, FRAIL-NH) were obtained from medical records and questionnaires. Comparative analyses were limited to residents living in facilities where vaccination activities were implemented and for whom complete data were available.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 429 residents were assessed: 136 (31.7%) received influenza vaccination and 77 (17.9%) received pneumococcal vaccination. Three of the eight LTCFs administered neither influenza nor pneumococcal vaccines, highlighting a facility-level access gap. For individual-level comparisons, 260 residents with complete data from LTCFs offering vaccination were analyzed (245 for pneumococcal outcomes). Influenza vaccination was not associated with most comorbidities or functional measures, but was more common among residents with dementia. Pneumococcal vaccine recipients were younger, had better functional status, and exhibited a lower burden of comorbidities than unvaccinated residents, suggesting preferential vaccination of fitter individuals. Municipality-level data showed low uptake of publicly funded pneumococcal programs (6.1% in Kraków; 3.6% in Wilkowice).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Vaccination coverage among LTCF residents was low and strongly influenced by structural access at the facility level. Simplifying costs, reducing out-of-pocket costs and addressing potential age-related biases are essential to improving equitable immunization in Polish LTCFs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148029839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superficial Fungal Infection Associations with Comorbid Diseases and Risk Factors: An Analysis of Global Burden of Disease 2023.","authors":"Aditya K Gupta, Elizabeth Teasell, Vasiliki Economopoulos","doi":"10.3390/idr18030046","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18030046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophyte and non-dermatophyte species are increasing globally. While several comorbid diseases and risk factors have been associated with fungal infections at the individual level, their epidemiological relationships at the population level remains poorly characterized.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to examine population-level associations between the burden of superficial fungal infections and selected comorbid conditions and risk factors, stratified by age, sex and country.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained years lived with disability (YLDs) for superficial fungal infections, diabetes, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis and summary exposure values (SEVs) for high body mass index (BMI) and high alcohol intake from Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Data were obtained for Australia, Brazil, the United Kingdom and the United States for males and females younger than 20 years, 20 to 54 years and 55+ years old. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between fungal infection YLDs and each comorbid condition (YLDs) and risk factor (SEVs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant positive correlations were observed between superficial fungal infection burden and diabetes (R = 0.6-0.98), high BMI (R = 0.75-0.95), psoriasis (R = 0.59-0.96), and atopic dermatitis (R = 0.51-0.93) in older adults (55 years+). Correlations with high alcohol consumption were more variable across regions and sex. In young-middle-aged adults (20-54 years), moderate-to-strong correlations (R ~ 0.8-0.9) were observed, although patterns were less consistent across countries. In individuals < 20 years, associations were generally weaker, with some positive correlations observed for atopic dermatitis (R = 0.4-0.7) in select countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings demonstrate population-level associations between superficial fungal infections and metabolic, inflammatory, and behavioural risk factors, with stronger correlations observed in older age groups. These patterns may reflect shared demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical patterns across conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148029374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Risk-Based Isolation Strategy for MDR-Endemic Facilities with Limited Resources.","authors":"Zeynep Ture, Emine Alp","doi":"10.3390/idr18030044","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18030044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The increasing burden of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms and limited resources in healthcare settings are making traditional strategies based on routine isolation of all carriers unsustainable.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A clinical narrative review was conducted by searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2011 and 2025. International guidelines were analyzed to synthesize a sustainable infection control strategy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High-quality evidence, including cluster-randomized trials, indicates that routine contact isolation for endemic ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (IRR: 0.99) and VRE (RR: 0.93) provides no additional benefit over standard precautions. In contrast, strict isolation remains vital for high-threat pathogens such as Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (CRAB), and <i>Candidozyma auris</i> due to their high environmental resilience and limited treatment options. Prioritization should be guided by pathogen biology, patient-specific transmission traits (e.g., diarrhea), and facility infrastructure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Traditional one-size-fits-all infection control is increasingly unsustainable under resource constraints. A risk-based approach prioritizing horizontal measures for low-risk pathogens enables a more balanced allocation of limited resources toward high-threat containment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148029844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Real-World Pharmacovigilance Analysis of the Safety Profiles Associated with Anti-MRSA Agents Using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) Database.","authors":"Yuki Hanai, Shusuke Uekusa, Mizuki Mori, Kohei Shimoyama, Hayato Ohashi, Koji Nishimura, Sachiko Yanagino, Takahiro Matsumoto, Kazuhiro Matsuo","doi":"10.3390/idr18030043","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18030043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anti-MRSA agents are essential for treating severe infections, yet their use is constrained by distinct toxicity profiles. However, comparative real-world data remain scarce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This nationwide pharmacovigilance study used the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database (2004-2025). Disproportionality analyses (proportional reporting ratio [PRR]) were performed at the Standardized MedDRA Query and Preferred Term levels, complemented by Weibull-based time-to-onset modeling, to characterize AE patterns associated with vancomycin (VCM), teicoplanin (TEIC), arbekacin (ABK), daptomycin (DAP), linezolid (LZD), and tedizolid (TZD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Distinct agent-specific AE profiles were observed. VCM showed disproportionate reporting of acute renal failure (PRR 6.66) and severe cutaneous reactions. TEIC displayed fewer renal signals but relatively higher reporting of hematologic events (PRR 3.51). ABK demonstrated high disproportionality in acute and chronic renal failure, reflecting aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. DAP showed a high reporting signal for eosinophilic pneumonia (PRR 23.30), interstitial lung disease, and creatine kinase elevation/rhabdomyolysis, with wear-out hazard patterns suggesting a possible time-dependent reporting tendency. LZD exhibited hematopoietic signals (PRR 6.13) and additional associations with hyponatremia, lactic acidosis, and optic neuropathy, consistent with marrow suppression and mitochondrial toxicity. Weibull analysis indicated cumulative \"wear-out\" risks for renal, hepatic, and hematologic events, whereas hypersensitivity and many pulmonary events followed random-failure patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This large-scale JADER analysis delineated the distinct safety profiles of the six anti-MRSA agents. The key findings included DAP pulmonary and muscle toxicities, LZD hematological events, and VCM nephrotoxicity. Time-to-onset modeling indicates potential cumulative versus random risk patterns, suggesting the need for individualized monitoring and cross-validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148029819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}