Infectious Disease Reports最新文献

{"title":"Multi-Year Analysis of Respiratory Viral Dynamics Reveals Significance of Rhinovirus in Young Children with Severe Respiratory Illness.","authors":"Juan Raphael Caldera, Tawny Saleh, Trevon Fuller, Shangxin Yang, Karin Nielsen-Saines","doi":"10.3390/idr17020029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/idr17020029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: We aimed to analyze the landscape of viral respiratory illnesses (VRIs) in a large metropolitan area in Southern California with a focus on the COVID-19 pandemic. <b>Methods</b>: We conducted a retrospective cohort study within the UCLA Health System, which evaluated children aged 0-5 years who received comprehensive respiratory viral panel (cRVP) testing during August-February of 2018-2023. The patient demographics, disease severity, and clinical course were specifically compared during the pandemic. Predictors of significant VRI were determined by multivariate logistic regression. <b>Results</b>: A total of 1321 children underwent cRVP testing, and 753 positive subjects were identified during the study period. Rhinovirus (RV) was by far the most frequent virus detected across 5 years, even during the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Along with RSV and human metapneumovirus, RV was identified as an independent risk for significant disease and occurred irrespective of co-infection with other viruses. <b>Conclusions</b>: RV was the most common viral pathogen in young children, even during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, and was an independent driver of moderate-to-severe disease, particularly in children with comorbidities. Ethnic disparities were also observed as a risk for significant disease, underscoring the need for targeted interventions and heightened clinical vigilance in pediatric populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12026606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective Management of a Skin and Soft Tissue Infection Caused by Community-Acquired MRSA Through Triple-Targeted Therapy Along with Aggressive Source Control: A Case Report.","authors":"Matteo Laratta, Stefano Agliardi, Matteo Sola, Stefano Spina, Roberto Fumagalli","doi":"10.3390/idr17020027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/idr17020027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is a significant cause of healthcare-associated infections in Europe. It has become increasingly prevalent in community settings, causing skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Managing community-acquired (CA) MRSA infections is challenging due to its high virulence and resistance to common antibiotics, and prevention outside the hospital setting is complex. Combination therapy has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of severe MRSA infections. Furthermore, surgical source control is critical in treating CA-MRSA infections, involving removing the primary infection site to interrupt bacterial replication. Timeliness and a correct surgical approach are essential for successful treatment outcomes and improved quality of life. <b>Methods:</b> This report details the case of a 15-year-old athlete who was admitted to the intensive care unit with septic shock caused by CA-MRSA. <b>Results:</b> Despite initial treatment, his condition rapidly worsened. A computed tomography (CT) scan identified multiple abscesses (in the lungs, limbs, thyroid, and subscapular region) along with other complications. To achieve adequate tissue concentrations at all affected sites, a triple-targeted antimicrobial therapy was initiated and adjusted based on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). At the same time, daily surgical debridement was performed. The patient responded significantly to this treatment, and blood cultures eventually returned negative. <b>Conclusions:</b> A multidisciplinary approach involving early source control, tailored antimicrobial therapy, and, if monotherapy fails to control infection, combination therapy is advisable to treat life-threatening CA-MRSA infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12026867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the Management of Infectious Diseases.","authors":"Rabeea F Omar, Sylvie Trottier, Sachiko Sato, Marc Ouellette, Michel G Bergeron","doi":"10.3390/idr17020026","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr17020026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The landscape of infectious diseases has dramatically evolved since the 1970s and the advent of antimicrobials, which heralded a new era in medical history [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unhealthy Food Consumption Is Associated with Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 in Brazilian Elderly People.","authors":"Guilherme José Silva Ribeiro, Rafaela Nogueira Gomes de Morais, Olufemi Gabriel Abimbola, Nalva de Paula Dias, Mariana De Santis Filgueiras, André de Araújo Pinto, Juliana Farias de Novaes","doi":"10.3390/idr17020025","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr17020025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: The factors associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) are not yet fully understood in developing countries. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between food consumption and the occurrence of PASC in Brazilian elderly people. <b>Methods</b>: This cross-sectional study included 1322 elderly people aged 60 or over, infected with SARS-CoV-2 in 2020, living in the state of Roraima in Brazil. Using the Brazilian National Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN, in Portuguese) tool, food consumption markers were evaluated. The persistence of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 was assessed three months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Poisson regression with robust variance was performed to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). <b>Results</b>: Fruit consumption [PR 0.92; 95% CI: 0.85-0.99] was associated with a lower occurrence of PASC, with a significant interaction in individuals aged 60 to 69 years old, not hospitalized, and those without chronic kidney disease. In addition, the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages [PR 1.23; 95% CI: 1.12-1.35], sandwich cookies, sweets, and treats [PR 1.12; 95% CI 1.03-1.22] was positively associated with the occurrence of PASC in the elderly people, with a significant interaction in individuals living in the capital and without hypercholesterolemia. <b>Conclusions</b>: Unhealthy food consumption was associated with PASC in Brazilian elderly people. An improvement in the diet quality of elderly people is necessary to minimize health complications in PASC.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phage Therapy for <i>Mycobacteria</i>: Overcoming Challenges, Unleashing Potential.","authors":"Christoffel Johannes Opperman, Adrian J Brink","doi":"10.3390/idr17020024","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr17020024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacteriophage (phage) therapy is emerging as a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics for treating drug-resistant mycobacterial infections, including <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex (MTBC) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Syphilitic Cholangiopathy Mimicking Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.","authors":"Adriana Gregušová, Michal Gergel, Miroslav Žigrai","doi":"10.3390/idr17020023","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr17020023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease with variable symptoms, often imitating various other disorders. Syphilis progresses through primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary stages, each with distinct clinical manifestations. A sudden rise in serum hepatic enzyme levels and imaging findings that mimic sclerosing cholangitis, both associated with a positive response to targeted antibiotic treatment, may indicate a diagnosis of acute syphilitic hepatitis.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a case of early syphilis in the secondary stage, manifesting as sclerosing-cholangitis-like changes shown on ultrasonography, MR, and CT. Narrow-spectrum antibiotic therapy with procaine benzylpenicillin led to a consistent decrease in and normalization of levels of serum bilirubin and other markers of hepatic injury. Repeated sonography and MR cholangiography showed minimal residual changes in the intrahepatic biliary tree.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Infection with <i>Treponema pallidum</i> is one of the rare causes of secondary cholangitis. As the incidence of syphilis is rising worldwide, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis, especially for patients with high-risk sexual behavior and for whom there are laboratory findings of cholestatic or mixed cytolytic and cholestatic hepatitis, particularly if associated with exanthema, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical, Functional, and Hemodynamic Profile of Schistosomiasis-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patients in Brazil: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Camila M C Loureiro, André L Scheibler Filho, Vitor M A S Menezes, Ricardo A Correa, Rudolf K F Oliveira, Claudia Mickael, Joan F Hilton, Brian B Graham","doi":"10.3390/idr17020022","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr17020022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schistosoma-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (Sch-PAH), a complication of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, is still underdiagnosed and undertreated. Sch-PAH is the third-most common cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in Brazil, and it is estimated that there are around 60,000 afflicted individuals. However, there is a lack of data on these patients, especially in endemic areas. Therefore, this study aimed to describe baseline demographic data, hemodynamic severity of disease, and functional impairment of Sch-PAH patients at diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this systematic review, five databases (Embase, PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and Cochrane) were searched to identify candidate publications reporting clinical, hemodynamic, and functional data at diagnosis of Sch-PAH patients referred to a PAH reference center in Brazil. Studies were excluded if they enrolled patients under the age of 18, the diagnosis was not confirmed by right heart catheterization (RHC), consisted of case reports, or did not report original data. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and an adapted version for cross-sectional studies. Single-arm meta-analysis with a random-effect model was performed for each variable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 459 studies identified through systematic database searching, five studies were selected for this meta-analysis. The majority of the included patients were women (67%), New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III/IV (57%), mean age 49 years (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 46-52), 6 min walk distance 392 m (95% CI, 291-493), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) 59 mmHg (95% CI, 56-61), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) 12 WU (95% CI, 11-13) and cardiac index (CI) 2.57 L/min/m² (95% CI, 2.25-2.88).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In summary, Sch-PAH has clinical characteristics similar to other forms of PAH, including connective tissue disease and idiopathic PAH. Additional studies or a unified registry would be essential for a better understanding of this relevant disease in Brazil.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endothelial Dysfunction Markers Correlate with the Time Since Completion of Tuberculosis Treatment and the Number of Previous Tuberculosis Episodes.","authors":"Chrisstoffel Jumaar, Steve Jacobs, Carmen Payne, Olakunle Sanni, Elize Louw, Nicola Baines, David Maree, Benjamin Botha, Merga Belina Feyasa, Hans Strijdom, Brian Allwood, Gerald J Maarman","doi":"10.3390/idr17020021","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr17020021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Despite \"successful\" treatment, some lung tuberculosis (TB) patients develop long-term lung impairments that includes damage to the parenchyma and reduced function, which may predispose them to diseases like pulmonary hypertension. However, this is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated whether previous or current TB patients would display elevated biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling. <b>Methods</b>: We performed assays for ADMA, VCAM-1, VEGF, angiopoietin-1, TBARS, NT-pro-BNP, and cardiac troponin-I. We further stratified the patients based on 1, 2, 3, and >3 previous TB episodes, and 1-5 yrs, 5-10 yrs, 10-15 yrs and >15 yrs after the last TB treatment completion. We also assessed correlations between the biomarkers and the number of previous TB episodes or the time since the completion of the last TB treatment. <b>Results</b>: ADMA was 70 times higher, VEGF was 2000 times higher and angiopoietin-1 was 6500 times higher than the normal range. NT-pro-BNP and cardiac troponin-I were undetected, and TBARS levels were low. There was a positive linear relationship between the number of previous TB episodes and angiopoietin-1, and between VEGF and the number of previous TB episodes. ADMA, VCAM-1 and TBARS exhibited a weak and negative linear association with the number of previous TB episodes. A negligible negative linear association was observed between the time since the completion of the last TB treatment and angiopoietin-1, VEGF and ADMA. <b>Conclusions</b>: Therefore, having >1 previous TB episode, despite the successful completion of TB treatment, associates with an increased risk of endothelial dysfunction/angiogenesis or vascular remodeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 and Parasitic Co-Infection: A Hypothetical Link to Pulmonary Vascular Disease.","authors":"Peter S Nyasulu, Jacques L Tamuzi, Rudolf K F Oliveira, Suellen D Oliveira, Nicola Petrosillo, Vinicio de Jesus Perez, Navneet Dhillon, Ghazwan Butrous","doi":"10.3390/idr17020019","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr17020019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Before the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era, the global prevalence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was between 0.4 and 1.4 per 100,000 people. The long-term effects of protracted COVID-19 associated with pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) risk factors may increase this prevalence. According to preliminary data, the exact prevalence of early estimates places the prevalence of PVD in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection at 22%, although its predictive value remains unknown. PVD caused by COVID-19 co-infections is understudied and underreported, and its future impact is unclear. However, due to COVID-19/co-infection pathophysiological effects on pulmonary vascularization, PVD mortality and morbidity may impose a genuine concern-both now and in the near future. Based on reported studies, this literature review focused on the potential link between COVID-19, parasitic co-infection, and PVD. This review article also highlights hypothetical pathophysiological mechanisms between COVID-19 and parasitic co-infection that could trigger PVD. <b>Methods</b>: We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) searching peer-reviewed articles, including link between COVID-19, parasitic co-infection, and PVD. <b>Results</b>: This review hypothesized that multiple pathways associated with pathogens such as underlying schistosomiasis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), pulmonary aspergillosis, <i>Wuchereria bancrofti</i>, <i>Clonorchis sinensis</i>, paracoccidioidomycosis, human herpesvirus 8, and scrub typhus coupled with acute or long COVID-19, may increase the burden of PVD and worsen its mortality in the future. <b>Conclusions</b>: Further experimental studies are also needed to determine pathophysiological pathways between PVD and a history of COVID-19/co-infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Analysis of Influenza Viruses' Trends in Italy: Insights from a Nationwide and Regional Perspective.","authors":"Francesco Branda, Nicola Petrosillo, Dong Keon Yon, Massimo Ciccozzi, Fabio Scarpa","doi":"10.3390/idr17020020","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr17020020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>. Influenza remains a significant public health issue, with seasonal trends varying across regions. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of influenza virus trends in Italy, leveraging epidemiological and virological data from the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS). The primary objective is to assess influenza activity at both national and regional levels, highlighting variations in incidence rates and viral subtype circulation during the 2023/2024 season. <b>Methods</b>. We conducted a systematic approach to data collection, processing, and visualization, utilizing influenza surveillance data from ISS. Incidence rates, subtype distribution, and co-circulating respiratory viruses were analyzed to identify key trends. <b>Results</b>. Our findings reveal a significant increase in influenza cases during the 2023/2024 season, with incidence rates surpassing pre-pandemic levels. Notably, changes in the circulation of influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B were observed, alongside the presence of other respiratory viruses such as RSV and rhinovirus. <b>Conclusions</b>. This study underscores the importance of real-time surveillance, transparent data sharing, and advanced visualization tools in guiding public health responses. By integrating lessons from COVID-19, we highlight the necessity of standardized surveillance frameworks to enhance preparedness for future seasonal outbreaks and potential pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}