Infectious Disease Reports最新文献

{"title":"Outpatient Treatment with Isavuconazole for Recurrent Chronic Cavitary Pulmonary Aspergillosis in a Residual Post-Lobectomy Cavity: A Case Report.","authors":"Marialuisa Valente, Giovanni Fumagalli, Valentina Caputo, Niccolò Riccardi, Lucia Allavena, Maurizio Ferrarese, Luigi Ruffo Codecasa","doi":"10.3390/idr18040091","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18040091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a slowly progressive pulmonary fungal disease, predominantly caused by <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>, which develops in patients with pre-existing structural lung abnormalities. Chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA), the most common form of CPA, is characterized by one or more pulmonary cavities, with or without intracavitary fungal balls (aspergillomas), and requires prolonged oral triazole therapy. Long-term treatment may be limited by adverse events, drug-drug interactions, and the need for therapeutic drug monitoring with conventional azoles.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 69-year-old former smoker with a history of breast cancer and right upper lobectomy for pulmonary adenocarcinoma presented with fever, productive cough, hyporexia, sarcopenia, and an unintentional 6 kg weight loss over three months. Two years earlier, she had undergone atypical pulmonary resection for an <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> aspergilloma and had been treated with amphotericin B followed by voriconazole for six months. HRCT revealed a recurrent intracavitary fungal lesion within a residual post-surgical cavity with extensive inflammatory consolidation. Bronchoalveolar lavage demonstrated a positive galactomannan index (4.74) and septate fungal hyphae on cytology, supporting the diagnosis of recurrent CCPA. Treatment with oral isavuconazole resulted in clinical recovery, weight gain, and complete radiological resolution after six months, without treatment-related adverse events or QTc abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case highlights the successful outpatient management of CCPA developing within a persistent post-lobectomy cavity despite previous surgical resection and antifungal therapy. The favourable clinical response, excellent tolerability, and absence of treatment-related toxicity support the growing evidence that isavuconazole may represent a valuable therapeutic option for selected patients with recurrent CCPA.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13513544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148827762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Hospital-Based Fidaxomicin Use Criteria on <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Recurrence: A Retrospective Matched Cohort Study.","authors":"Song Kwon, Rachel Gabor, Philip Whitfield","doi":"10.3390/idr18040090","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18040090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong><i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (CDI) is associated with substantial morbidity and high recurrence rates. Current guidelines recommend fidaxomicin over oral vancomycin due to reduced recurrence; however, its high acquisition cost limits widespread adoption. Our health system implemented criteria restricting fidaxomicin to patients with the highest risk for recurrence. This study evaluated the impact of this strategy on CDI recurrence and antimicrobial expenditures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a multicenter, retrospective matched cohort study across a rural health system from January 2023 through March 2026. The fidaxomicin criteria for use (intervention) went into effect on 1 January 2025. Adult hospitalized patients with an initial CDI episode treated with oral vancomycin and/or fidaxomicin were included. Patients with severe CDI or prior CDI episodes were excluded. A 2:1 matching algorithm based on key recurrence risk factors was used to compare pre-implementation (before criteria for use) and post-implementation (after criteria for use) cohorts. The primary outcomes were 28-day and 90-day CDI recurrences. Secondary outcomes included antimicrobial utilization and annualized expenditures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 144 matched patients were analyzed (96 control and 48 intervention). Fidaxomicin use decreased from 40.6% to 8.3% following implementation (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Annualized fidaxomicin expenditures declined by 54.7%. CDI recurrence rates were similar between groups: 28-day recurrence was 5.2% in the control group versus 6.2% in the intervention group, and 90-day recurrence was 7.3% versus 10.4%, respectively, with statistical non-inferiority at 28 days (<i>p</i> = 0.014).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Implementation of risk-based fidaxomicin use criteria significantly reduced utilization and costs without a statistically significant increase in CDI recurrence. These findings support a targeted stewardship approach to optimize resource use while maintaining comparable clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13513588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148827848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Burden of Upper Airway Infections: Epidemiology, Current Challenges and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Pierre Guarino, Francesco Chiari, Luigi La Via, Andrea Marino, Jerome Rene Lechien, Mario Lentini, Salvatore Lavalle, Giuseppe Nunnari, Salvatore Maira, Carmelo Giancarlo Botto, Salvatore Ferlito, Antonino Maniaci","doi":"10.3390/idr18040089","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18040089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Upper airway tract infections (UATIs) are among the most common infectious diseases worldwide, accounting for an estimated 12.8 billion episodes annually and more than 8 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Despite their generally self-limiting nature, their cumulative clinical, socioeconomic, and public health burden remains substantial, particularly in children, older adults, and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a structured narrative review of the peer-reviewed literature and reports from major international health organizations to summarize the current evidence on the epidemiology, etiology, clinical impact, socioeconomic burden, prevention strategies, and future challenges associated with UATIs. Particular attention was given to the influence of antimicrobial resistance, vaccination policies, and lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UATIs remain one of the leading causes of healthcare utilization worldwide. Children experience the highest incidence, averaging 6-8 episodes annually, whereas vulnerable populations are at increased risk of complications and hospitalization. Marked geographical disparities persist, with LMICs experiencing a disproportionate burden due to limited healthcare access, lower vaccination coverage, and higher complication rates. Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing continues to accelerate antimicrobial resistance, while the COVID-19 pandemic profoundly altered the epidemiology of respiratory infections and demonstrated the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions. Advances in vaccination, antimicrobial stewardship, rapid diagnostics, and novel therapeutic strategies offer promising opportunities to reduce disease burden.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Reducing the global burden of UATIs requires integrated public health strategies combining equitable vaccine access, effective antimicrobial stewardship, strengthened healthcare systems, and sustained surveillance. Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic provide a unique opportunity to improve preparedness for future respiratory outbreaks while addressing persistent regional inequalities in prevention and care.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13512024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148827828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Case Report of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Haifa in a Patient from Mysore, Karnataka, India.","authors":"Chinchana Shylaja Eshwarappa, Mahadevaiah Neelambike Sumana, Yogeesh D Maheshwarappa, Morubagal Raghavendra Rao, Vidyavathi B Chitharagi, Neetha S Murthy, Supreeta R Shettar, Veerabhadra Swamy G S, G K Megha, Shruthishree S C","doi":"10.3390/idr18040088","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18040088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Salmonellosis is a major global public health concern, commonly caused by serovars such as <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Enteritidis. Rare serovars, however, may represent underrecognized links between environmental reservoirs and human infection. <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Haifa is a sporadic serotype primarily associated with livestock and environmental sources and has previously been reported in Indian poultry but not in human clinical cases to date.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 70-year-old male with a history of type 2 diabetes, presented with acute watery diarrhea and dehydration. One week prior to symptom onset, the patient reported direct contact with cattle and poultry in a rural setting. Laboratory investigations revealed leucopenia and elevated procalcitonin (3.73 ng/mL). Stool culture yielded non-lactose fermenting colonies on MacConkey agar and H₂S-producing colonies on Hektoen enteric agar. The isolate was identified via VITEK 2 and confirmed as <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Haifa by the National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections (NIRBI). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) revealed that the isolate showed resistance to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin. The patient was successfully treated with a three-day course of intravenous Azithromycin (1 g) and achieved rapid clinical recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To the best of our knowledge, this case represents the first reported human infection caused by <i>S. Haifa</i> in India. The finding highlights the potential zoonotic risk of rare non-typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> serovars and emphasizes the importance of surveillance, routine serotyping, and antimicrobial resistance monitoring within a One Health framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13513591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148827813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Recovered from Respiratory and Urinary Specimens in a Lebanese Hospital (2020-2025).","authors":"Rana Barakat, Zeinab Ezzeddine, Rana El Haidari, Samara Hassan, Ghassan Ghssein","doi":"10.3390/idr18040087","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18040087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections in humans. It is estimated that millions of deaths occur each year worldwide due to these infections. <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (<i>P. aeruginosa</i>), in particular, represents a public health threat since it has a high ability to acquire resistance to different antibiotic classes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolates from patients with RTIs and UTIs in Lebanon.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was performed during 2020-2022 and 2024-2025. Samples were collected from both inpatients and outpatients, where identification and isolation of bacteria were performed along with antibiotic susceptibility testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolates in RTI cases over the study period was 10.9%, and that of UTI cases was 1.3%. The general antimicrobial resistance profile of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolates from RTI and UTI cases showed the highest resistance for Piperacillin-Tazobactam and Aztreonam, respectively. For RTIs, antibiotic resistance decreased from 48.1% in 2020 to 36.7% in 2025 and increased from 16.7% to 19.4% for UTIs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>According to our research, <i>P. aeruginosa</i> with low antibiotic susceptibility is frequently found in isolated samples, highlighting the significant challenge in treating severe infectious illnesses. To choose focused and efficient antibiotic therapy for RTIs and UTIs and to stop the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, it is essential to accurately identify the pathogenic microorganisms and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13512891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148827808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Outer Membrane Protein Omp25 in Serological Diagnosis of Brucellosis.","authors":"Qianhao Zhou, Dongqi Xiong, Xuandong Wang, Qingmei Zhu, Nadira Dolkun, Zureguli Tuxun, Zehao Zhang, Qian Wang, Xuejun Xiao","doi":"10.3390/idr18040086","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18040086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brucellosis remains a widespread zoonotic disease where serodiagnosis is critical for control. Outer membrane protein 25 (Omp25) has emerged as a promising diagnostic antigen, yet the optimal antigen format for Omp25-based serological assays remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies following PRISMA-DTA 2020 guidelines. Four electronic databases were searched through July 16, 2026. Risk of bias was assessed using QUADAS-2. Diagnostic accuracy was synthesized using the bivariate binomial model, with subgroup analyses stratified by host species and antigen format.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten diagnostic accuracy studies comprising 23 study arms were included. Substantial heterogeneity was observed (I² = 86.2% for sensitivity, 68.4% for specificity). In human serum, pooled sensitivity was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89-0.96) and specificity was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.93-0.99). In ruminant serum, pooled sensitivity was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.81-0.94) and specificity was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91-0.97). Multi-protein formats demonstrated narrower confidence intervals and more consistent diagnostic reliability than monomeric Omp25, despite a marginally lower pooled sensitivity point estimate. Single Omp25 exhibited the widest cross-species performance variation. Reference standard heterogeneity affected apparent specificity, with RBT + SAT dual standards yielding higher specificity than single RBT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Multi-protein antigen formats offer more consistent diagnostic reliability than monomeric Omp25 for brucellosis serodiagnosis, though performance varies significantly by host species. Clinical translation requires standardized antigen preparation protocols, uniform reference standards, and cautious species-specific application. Future research should prioritize larger, species-stratified, multi-center validation and prospective trials to establish Omp25-based DIVA capability.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13511875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148827496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary Artery Mass Caused by <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> Infection After Heart Transplantation: A Case Report.","authors":"Gang Liu, Zhongkai Liao, Jie Huang, Zhiyuan Zhu, Mingzhu Liu, Sheng Liu, Ru Liu","doi":"10.3390/idr18040085","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18040085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a severe complication after solid organ transplantation, especially in patients receiving long-term immunosuppressive therapy. Pulmonary artery involvement caused by <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> is extremely rare and may mimic pulmonary artery thrombosis or malignancy, resulting in diagnostic challenges. <b>Case Presentation</b>: A 61-year-old male developed fatigue, intermittent fever, cough, and chest discomfort seven months after orthotopic heart transplantation. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography revealed a mass-like filling defect involving the main pulmonary artery and left pulmonary artery, which was initially suspected to represent pulmonary artery thrombosis or tumor. Whole-blood next-generation sequencing identified <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> and <i>Streptococcus mitis</i>. The patient was treated with voriconazole, anticoagulation therapy, and adjustment of immunosuppressive therapy. Follow-up imaging demonstrated progressive regression of pulmonary artery lesions and disappearance of pulmonary nodules without evidence of graft rejection. <b>Conclusions</b>: Pulmonary artery aspergillosis should be considered in heart transplant recipients presenting with pulmonary artery-occupying lesions, particularly when imaging findings are atypical. Early pathogen identification combined with appropriate antifungal therapy, individualized immunosuppression adjustment, and careful monitoring may improve clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13511923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148827831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of <i>Ignatzschineria indica</i> Infection in Greece and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Alexandra Vasilakopoulou, Evaggelia Oikonomoula, Vasiliki Anagnosti, Pavlos Siozos, Ioannis Liakopoulos, Eleni Kalogeropoulou, Sofia Damianidou, Polyxeni Karakosta, Sophia Vourli, Panagiota-Christina Georgiou, Anastasios Ioannidis, Spyros Pournaras","doi":"10.3390/idr18040083","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18040083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Ignatzschineria</i> species are rare emerging human pathogens that are typically associated with myiasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We report the first case of <i>Ignatzschineria indica</i> bacteraemia in Greece in a male patient presenting with maggot-infested wounds of the thorax, shoulders, and arms. The isolate was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to EUCAST guidance. A review of the published literature on <i>I. indica</i> bacteraemia was also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient was diagnosed with bacteraemia caused by a multisusceptible <i>I. indica</i> isolate and was successfully treated with antibiotic therapy, resulting in complete recovery. This represents the first reported case of <i>I. indica</i> infection in Greece. Review of the literature showed that most published <i>I. indica</i> isolates were susceptible to a broad range of antimicrobial agents, and all reported patients survived, although some required limb amputation because of severe underlying soft tissue disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>Ignatzschineria indica</i> infection should be considered in patients with neglected, maggot-infested wounds. Increased awareness of this emerging pathogen, together with the use of modern microbiological identification methods, may improve recognition of these uncommon infections. Socio-economic inequalities and the changing distribution of insect vectors due to climate change may contribute to the occurrence of such infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13511850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148827771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concomitant Borreliosis and Invasive Amoebiasis: A Rare Case with Suspected Sexual Acquisition.","authors":"Luisa Cavalletto, Sara Valpione, Chiara Giraudo, Claudia Mescoli, Valeria M Besutti, Liliana Chemello","doi":"10.3390/idr18040084","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18040084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The movement of endemic diseases from tropical and disadvantaged areas is gradually spreading to developed countries as well. Amoebiasis, in particular, represents a significant threat to public health, amplified by globalization and increasing contact between humans and animals or vectors. In this way, atypical diseases may emerge in our country, also through an unusual mode of transmission-likely sexual, as \"sexually transmitted enteric (STE) diseases\".</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We report and discuss the clinic approach to a rare case of dual human infestations by ecto- and endo-parasites with multiple liver abscesses presentation in a young truck driver residing in Northern Italy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The patient underwent a comprehensive screening with laboratory and microbiological tests, and CT images.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In July, the patient was admitted to our hepatology unit following the ultrasound identification of two hypoechoic lesions in the right lobe of the liver. In his medical history, in April, after a seemingly harmless infestation of body lice, effectively treated, he suffered from a prolonged and debilitating episode of acute diarrhea, lasting a month. This status was also accompanied by intestinal cramps, weight loss, and recurring fever episodes. Afterwards also appeared a Quincke's-like angioedema involving the lips and mouth mucosa, with evening time exacerbation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The differential diagnosis of this complex and unusual clinical picture, together with the temporal evolution of the patient's signs and symptoms, led us to hypothesize the presence of concomitant infections. These were most likely borreliosis and a STE disease, the latter ultimately diagnosed as amebiasis with hepatic invasion, allowing appropriate treatment and a favorable clinical outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13512518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148827659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Influenza Illness During Pregnancy with Pregnancy Loss and Program-Defined Child Health Monitoring Indicator: A Matched Cohort Study.","authors":"Yuanyuan Zhang, Yan Shao, Suizan Zhou, Qianlan Wu, Ningning Du, Mingzhi Zhang, Qian Feng, Lin Bao, Yuanyuan Pang, Yayun Tan, Pengwei Cui, Jun Zhang, Haibing Yang, Suping Zhang, Liling Chen, Ying Song, W William Schluter","doi":"10.3390/idr18040082","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18040082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>This prospective cohort study assessed the impact of seasonal influenza during pregnancy on fetal and infant health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed influenza were matched (1:4) by age and pregnancy loss history with women without influenza from annual cohorts in Suzhou, China, during 2015-2018. Participants underwent twice-weekly follow-up for influenza illness, and medical records were linked to ascertain outcomes. Multivariable regression models were used to estimate associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 441 pregnant women with influenza and 1764 without it. Four (0.9%) in the influenza group had late pregnancy loss, whereas one (0.1%) in the non-influenza group did. Influenza was associated with late pregnancy loss (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 31.1, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.3-756.8, <i>p</i> = 0.035). Four (0.9%) in the influenza group experienced early pregnancy loss, while five (0.3%) in the non-influenza group did. Influenza was not significantly associated with early pregnancy loss (aHR 2.1, 95% CI: 0.4-10.4, <i>p</i> = 0.374). By 8 months of age, infants born to 198 of the 441 mothers (44.9%) in the influenza group met the criteria for the program-defined child health monitoring indicator, compared with infants born to 650 of the 1764 mothers (36.8%) in the non-influenza group. Overweight/obesity was the largest contributor: 142 (32.2%) versus 470 (26.6%). Maternal influenza was associated with higher odds of meeting program-defined child health monitoring indicator in offspring (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1-1.8, <i>p</i> = 0.006), with a significant contribution from overweight/obesity (aOR 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0-1.7, <i>p</i> = 0.045).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this cohort, influenza during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of late pregnancy loss and program-defined child health monitoring indicator in offspring, particularly overweight/obesity. Because the observed association with pregnancy loss was based on a small number of events and had a wide confidence interval, it should be interpreted cautiously and confirmed in larger studies. These findings are consistent with current recommendations supporting influenza vaccination during pregnancy to protect maternal and infant health.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13512286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148827597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}