Infectious Disease Reports最新文献

{"title":"Cardiovascular Complications of Anaplasmosis: A Case of Acute Pulmonary Embolism and Literature Review.","authors":"Aleksandar Gavrancic, Christian M Jacobson, Veljko Rabasovic, Erik Sviggum, Jelena Stojsavljevic, Nestor G Tarragona, Peter J Mattingly, Igor Dumic","doi":"10.3390/idr18030062","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18030062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Anaplasmosis is an emerging tick-borne infection that typically presents as a non-specific febrile illness, with variable degrees of cytopenias and liver tests abnormalities. Severe complications remain atypical and uncommon. <b>Case Report</b>: We report a case of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) occurring during confirmed anaplasmosis in a 73-year-old male with no traditional thromboembolic risk factors. The patient presented with fever, constitutional symptoms, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and abnormal liver tests, raising suspicion for a tick-borne illness. Despite early clinical improvement on doxycycline, persistent tachycardia triggered further evaluation and uncovered an acute PE. Comprehensive workup at admission and repeated 14 months later excluded inherited and acquired thrombophilias, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, and alternative infectious etiologies. The patient was treated with doxycycline 100 mg orally twice daily for 10 days and anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin followed by 6 months of apixaban for a first episode of provoked PE. He attained complete clinical recovery without recurrence of thrombosis at the two-year follow-up. <b>Discussion:</b> Infectious diseases are increasingly recognized as contributors to thrombosis through inflammation-mediated hypercoagulability and endothelial dysfunction. Pulmonary involvement in anaplasmosis typically manifests as pneumonitis, pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome, but thrombotic complications such as PE are exceedingly rare. This case highlights a rare but clinically significant vascular complication of anaplasmosis and underscores the importance of considering thromboembolic events in patients with persistent or unexplained tachycardia. <b>Conclusions:</b> As the incidence of anaplasmosis continues to rise, greater awareness of its potential cardiovascular manifestations is essential. Early recognition and prompt treatment with doxycycline remain critical, while further studies are needed to better define the thrombotic risk associated with this infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13299669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148316969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Game Over for the Baseline: Influenza Hospitalization Patterns Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic (FluSurv-NET, 2009-2025).","authors":"Hayden D Hedman","doi":"10.3390/idr18030061","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18030061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The trajectory of influenza hospitalization burden from pre-COVID-19 pandemic baseline through post-pandemic recovery remains poorly characterized at the national level. This study characterized phase-stratified burden and seasonal structure, quantified racial and ethnic disparities, and assessed whether post-pandemic seasons represent anomalous departures from pre-pandemic expectations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen complete seasons of FluSurv-NET surveillance data (2009-2010 through 2024-2025; 509 observation weeks) were analyzed across pre-pandemic, disruption, and recovery phases using OLS regression with effect-size estimation, bootstrapped age-adjusted rate ratios, seasonal-trend decomposition (STL), Prophet time-series forecasting, and Isolation Forest anomaly detection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean peak weekly hospitalization rate nearly doubled from pre-pandemic to recovery (5.1 to 11.1 per 100,000), cumulative seasonal burden increased from 46.3 to 87.0 per 100,000, and median peak timing advanced from MMWR week 9 to week 50. STL decomposition revealed a marked shift from weak pre-pandemic seasonality (Fs = 0.14) to substantially stronger annual regularity (Fs = 0.98) across three recovery seasons, with threefold amplitude increase. Non-Hispanic Black persons had rate ratios of 1.72, 2.16, and 1.99 relative to White persons across phases; American Indian and Alaska Native persons showed the highest disruption-phase ratio (2.24, 95% CI 1.90-3.53), based on two contributing seasons. A flat-growth Prophet model detected first exceedance in February 2020, outperforming a linear-growth specification on held-out validation. Isolation Forest identified 2017-2018, 2023-2024, and 2024-2025 as robust anomalies across all contamination thresholds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Post-COVID-19 pandemic influenza recovery is characterized by intensified and restructured seasonality, persistent racial and ethnic disparities, and anomalous burden exceeding pre-pandemic projections, identified independently by time-series forecasting and unsupervised anomaly detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13300026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148317035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five Hot Topics in Tropical Medicine: 2025.","authors":"Amanda Hempel, Gregory D Hawley, Jahmar Hewitt, Maxime Billick, Adrienne J Showler, Kevin C Kain, Andrea K Boggild","doi":"10.3390/idr18030060","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18030060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2025, tropical medicine was shaped by advances in diagnostic technology, expanding arboviral epidemics, rapid progress in filovirus vaccine development, evolving regulatory responses to newly licensed vaccines, and translational breakthroughs addressing neglected tropical diseases. This review discusses five select developments that significantly influenced clinical practice and global health policy over the past year, highlighting the implications of each for clinicians, researchers, and public health systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13300675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148317007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecotourism and the Hidden Ecology of Infection: The Andes Virus Cruise Outbreak.","authors":"Laura Scorzolini, Alessandra D'Abramo, Enrico Girardi, Emanuele Nicastri","doi":"10.3390/idr18030059","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18030059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past decade, outdoor recreational activities-including ecotourism, wildlife observation, adventure travel, and expedition cruising-have expanded at an unprecedented pace [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13300011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148317042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent Central and Autonomic Nervous System Involvement in Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Case-Based Mechanistic Analysis.","authors":"Jordan Pyatt, Carlos A Umaña Mejía, Justice Cruz, Fernando Baires, Helen Hoffman, Joanne Cordero Guerra, Miguel Sierra-Hoffman, Heike Hesse, Amy C Madril","doi":"10.3390/idr18030058","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18030058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a neurotropic alphaherpesvirus capable of causing a broad spectrum of neurologic complications beyond classic dermatomal herpes zoster. Although meningitis and encephalitis are well recognized manifestations of neuroinvasive VZV infection, associated autonomic dysfunction remains comparatively underreported, particularly in immunocompetent individuals.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We describe a 66-year-old immunocompetent man who developed VZV meningoencephalitis associated with sacral dermatomal herpes zoster, urinary retention, and bowel dysmotility. Initial symptoms included fever, severe headache, photophobia, and low back pain, with delayed recognition of the characteristic sacral vesicular eruption. The patient subsequently developed encephalopathy and meningeal signs requiring intensive care unit admission. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis demonstrated lymphocytic pleocytosis and markedly elevated protein concentration, and VZV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction testing. During hospitalization, the patient developed severe urinary retention and gastrointestinal dysmotility without evidence of mechanical obstruction, raising concern for concurrent autonomic nervous system involvement. Following intravenous acyclovir therapy and supportive management, the patient experienced gradual neurologic and autonomic recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case highlights the potential for multifocal neuroinvasive VZV disease involving both central and autonomic nervous system structures in immunocompetent hosts. Clinicians should maintain awareness that urinary retention and bowel dysmotility may represent clinically significant autonomic manifestations of VZV reactivation, particularly in the setting of sacral dermatomal involvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13299381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148316983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change and Emerging Arboviral Threats in Saudi Arabia: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, and One Health Preparedness.","authors":"Shuaibu Abdullahi Hudu, Emad A Morad, Ghusun M Alhazimi, Abdulgafar Olayiwola Jimoh","doi":"10.3390/idr18030057","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18030057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arboviral diseases are emerging as important public health threats in Saudi Arabia, driven by rapid urbanization, climate variability, the expansion of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> populations, international travel, and large-scale religious mass gatherings. Dengue virus remains the most established arboviral infection in the Kingdom, particularly in the southwestern regions such as Jazan and the western urban centers of Makkah and Jeddah, where ecological and climatic conditions are conducive to sustained vector survival and transmission. This review synthesizes current evidence on the epidemiology, vector ecology, climatic determinants, diagnostics, and prevention strategies of arboviral diseases in Saudi Arabia. Particular attention is paid to the impacts of rising temperatures, changes in rainfall patterns, urban heat island effects, population mobility, and cross-border movement on vector expansion and disease emergence. The review also identifies gaps in surveillance, diagnostics, insecticide resistance monitoring, and integrated vector management programs. Emerging preparedness strategies include climate-informed early warning systems, Geographic Information System-based risk mapping, multiplex molecular diagnostics, genomic surveillance, and community-based vector control. The review emphasizes the importance of implementing a One Health approach that combines data on humans, the environment, entomology, and climate. Currently, sustained endemic transmission of chikungunya and Zika viruses has not been conclusively demonstrated in Saudi Arabia, but increased environmental suitability and connectivity with other areas highlight the need for proactive surveillance and preparedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13299739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148317053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Age and Laboratory Parameters with Urine Flow Cytometry and Culture Results in Patients with Urinary Tract Infections.","authors":"Alma Trnacevic, Emir Trnacevic, Merjema Mahmutovic, Amra Serak, Humera Porobic Jahic, Jasminka Petrovic, Dilista Piljic, Rahima Jahic, Danijel Bijedic, Amela Becirovic","doi":"10.3390/idr18030056","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18030056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) remains a clinical challenge, with urine culture as the gold standard. In developing countries like Bosnia and Herzegovina, a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and frequent empirical treatment pose significant clinical challenges. Automated urine flow cytometry has emerged as a rapid tool to optimize diagnostic processes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the correlation of age, gender, and laboratory parameters-such as white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil count, and C-reactive protein (CRP)-with both urinary bacterial counts and urine culture results.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed 200 adult patients (≥18 years) with symptoms suggestive of UTI at the University Clinical Center Tuzla. Data on age, gender, WBC, neutrophils, CRP, and urine flow cytometry (Sysmex UF-4000) were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using R software (version 4.5.1), utilizing logistic regression models via the 'glm' function to identify independent predictors, with statistical significance set at <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the population was 68.61 ± 15.19 years. Logistic regression demonstrated that WBC count (OR = 1.06, <i>p</i> = 0.004), neutrophil count (OR = 1.04, <i>p</i> = 0.014), and patient age (OR = 1.03, <i>p</i> = 0.001) were significant independent predictors of UTI. Furthermore, patients with a urinary bacterial count > 1200/μL had 83 times higher odds of a positive urine culture (OR = 83, 95% CI 32.25-200, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Conversely, CRP levels and gender were not significant predictors (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patient age, WBC, and neutrophil counts are key factors for predicting UTIs. Integrating these parameters with urine flow cytometry bacterial counts can significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy and rapid screening in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13299712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148316993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Variability Drives Dengue Transmission in Bangladesh.","authors":"Ayesha Siddiqa, Prosenjit Choudhury, Nabil Jahan Mahim, Suman Paul, Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed, Md Bashir Uddin","doi":"10.3390/idr18030055","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18030055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dengue fever has emerged as a major public health concern in Bangladesh, with increasing incidence and geographic spread of outbreaks in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the lagged and non-linear associations between climatic factors and dengue incidence across all eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh from 2014 to 2025.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An ecological time-series design was employed using monthly dengue case data (<i>n</i> = 741,338) and meteorological variables. A generalized additive model (GAM) with a negative binomial distribution was applied to account for overdispersion and capture complex relationships. Descriptive analysis was conducted to assess spatial heterogeneity, and choropleth maps were constructed to visualize the spatial distribution and regional variation in dengue burden across the country. Cross-correlation analysis was performed to identify significant lagged associations between climatic variables and dengue incidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Descriptive analysis showed substantial spatial heterogeneity, with the highest incidence observed in Dhaka (6.53 per 100,000) and the lowest in Sylhet (0.21 per 100,000). Choropleth maps illustrated distinct spatial distribution and regional variation in dengue burden across the country. Cross-correlation analysis identified significant lagged associations for temperature and rainfall (lag 1-3 months), humidity (lag 1-2 months), and wind speed (lag 2-3 months). The final GAM explained 88.6% of the deviance in dengue incidence (AIC = 7404.15; dispersion = 0.767). The approximate significance of smooth terms revealed that temperature at a lag of 1 month (<i>p</i> < 0.001, edf = 12.28), rainfall at a lag of 3 months (<i>p</i> < 0.001, edf = 2.85), and wind speed at a lag of 2 months (<i>p</i> < 0.001, edf = 2.25) were highly significant non-linear predictors of dengue transmission. Relative humidity was not significantly associated with dengue incidence. Non-linear effects revealed peak dengue risk at temperatures between 25 and 30 °C and moderate rainfall (~10 mm), particularly during monsoon months (June-October). A strong autoregressive effect indicated that prior dengue incidence significantly influenced current transmission.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, dengue transmission in Bangladesh is driven by complex, lagged, and non-linear interactions between climatic variables, seasonality, and regional factors. These findings provide critical evidence for climate-based early warning systems, enhance outbreak prediction, and inform evidence-based vector control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13299343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148316972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salvage Treatment of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Using Sulbactam-Durlobactam in a Preterm Neonate: A Case Report.","authors":"Suzana Zivojinovic, Tijana Prodanovic, Nikola Prodanovic, Rasa Medovic, Milica Cekerevac, Dragana Savic, Bojana Markovic, Slobodan Jankovic","doi":"10.3390/idr18030054","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18030054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a leading cause of nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospitalization, particularly in preterm neonates. Management is complicated by the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) pathogens, with very limited evidence supporting the use of reserve antibiotics in this population.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a male neonate born at 25 weeks of gestation (birth weight 740 g) who developed severe VAP caused by XDR <i>Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii</i> complex and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. After failure of multiple antibiotic regimens, including ampicillin, amikacin, meropenem, vancomycin, cefepime with inhaled colistin, tigecycline, and ceftazidime-avibactam combined with fosfomycin, the infant was treated with sulbactam-durlobactam (25 mg/kg/dose every 6 h) in combination with ceftazidime-avibactam. After 12 days of this regimen, the neonate was successfully extubated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case highlights the therapeutic challenges of XDR infections in extremely preterm neonates and suggests that sulbactam-durlobactam may represent a viable salvage treatment option. Further pharmacokinetic and clinical studies are needed to establish optimal dosing and safety in the neonatal population.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13299867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148317060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial Granulomatous Lung Diseases: Radiological Findings and Differential Diagnosis.","authors":"Picchi Stefano Giusto, Minieri Augusto, Lassandro Francesco, Russo Giuseppe, Lassandro Giulia","doi":"10.3390/idr18030053","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr18030053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Granulomatous lung diseases include a spectrum of disorders, both infectious and noninfectious, unified by the presence of granulomas in the lung parenchyma. Granulomas are microscopic, organized collections of immune cells that arise as a response to persistent antigenic stimulation. Infectious granulomatous lung diseases arise from a variety of microbial agents, that include most frequently <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>, non-tuberculous mycobacteria, <i>Nocardia</i>, and <i>Borrelia</i>, as well as a wide range of fungal pathogens including <i>Histoplasma</i>, <i>Cryptococcus</i>, <i>Pneumocystis,</i> and <i>Aspergillus</i> species. Methods and Results: Definitive diagnosis is achieved through direct identification and subsequent culture of the causative pathogen in appropriate clinical specimens, including sputum, bronchoscopic samples, gastric aspirates, or pleural fluid. Imaging is fundamental for the detection and characterization of pulmonary granulomas. HRCT allows precise assessment of the number, size, and distribution of granulomatous lesions, can suggest an infectious etiology based on specific imaging patterns, and is essential for monitoring response to therapy over time. Differential diagnosis is challenging due to the numerous different imaging appearances with whom granulomatous lung diseases may manifest. Conclusions: The purpose of our review is to describe the spectrum of infectious granulomatous lung diseases caused by bacterial pathogens, highlighting their diverse radiologic presentations in order to assist radiologists in recognizing these entities and improving diagnostic accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13299405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148316943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}