IEEE Transactions on Magnetics最新文献_第2页

Spin Valve Sensor With Integrated On-Chip Longitudinal Permanent Magnet Biasing for Linear Sensing Applications

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3544762

Tejaswini C. Gawade;C. T. Gopika;Umesh P. Borole;K. P. Prajisha;Apoorva Kaul;Jakeer Khan;P. Chowdhury;Bhagaban Behera

{"title":"Spin Valve Sensor With Integrated On-Chip Longitudinal Permanent Magnet Biasing for Linear Sensing Applications","authors":"Tejaswini C. Gawade;C. T. Gopika;Umesh P. Borole;K. P. Prajisha;Apoorva Kaul;Jakeer Khan;P. Chowdhury;Bhagaban Behera","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3544762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3544762","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on fabricating spin-valve giant magnetoresistance (SV-GMR) sensors integrated with longitudinal permanent magnet (PM) biasing, resulting in a linearized field response with reduced hysteresis. For this, CoCrPt thick films were sputter-deposited under optimized conditions to achieve the highest <inline-formula> <tex-math>$H_{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> value of the order of 1600 Oe with a higher squareness ratio. Detailed finite element modeling (FEM) confirmed that the biasing field less than 40 Oe can be produced by PM with a thickness of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> m across the sensing elements with a gap of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$90~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> m. The SV-GMR sensors are patterned into resistors of on-chip push-pull Wheatstone bridge assembly and biased with PM to reduce coercivity with improved linearity. Furthermore, the device’s performance was evaluated across a broader temperature spectrum, revealing notable thermal stability within −40 °C to 125 °C. These findings highlight the sensor’s reliability and precision linear field sensing applications, specifically for low current measurements.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 4","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Four-Channel Asymmetric Retroreflection via a Passive Non-Hermitian Metasurface

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3544653

Chongpu Guo;Jiaran Qi

{"title":"Four-Channel Asymmetric Retroreflection via a Passive Non-Hermitian Metasurface","authors":"Chongpu Guo;Jiaran Qi","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3544653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3544653","url":null,"abstract":"Exceptional points (EPs) in non-Hermitian systems possess increased sensitivity and counterintuitive physical properties, thus offering a wide range of potential applications. Here, a passive non-Hermitian metasurface with four-channel asymmetric retroreflection at microwave region is proposed. Noninterleaved birefringent elements featuring adjustable losses are employed to encode dual independent phase gradients for incident waves along orthogonal planes. By introducing localized loss, the phase-gradient metasurface operates at two distinct second-order EPs and demonstrates markedly asymmetric retroreflection across two orthogonal planes. Specifically, the right-side port mode exhibits strong retroreflection, whereas the left-side port mode is nearly completely suppressed. As a proof of concept, the far-field scattering intensities of the prototype are demonstrated, which exhibits the extremely asymmetric performance across four channels. Our research opens new avenues for realize multifunctional performance of metasurfaces by exploring the new degree of freedom of loss and the multichannel asymmetric retroreflection performance has promising applications in establishing asymmetric channels in wireless communications and controlling radar cross section.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 4","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Fe, Cu, and Zr Substitutions on Microstructure of SmCo/Fe(Co) Nanocomposite Magnets

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3544630

Jieqiong Gao;Tiancong Li;Xiaohong Li;Li Lou;Yingxin Hua;Jinyi Wang;Yiran Li;Wenyue Qin;Defeng Guo

{"title":"Effects of Fe, Cu, and Zr Substitutions on Microstructure of SmCo/Fe(Co) Nanocomposite Magnets","authors":"Jieqiong Gao;Tiancong Li;Xiaohong Li;Li Lou;Yingxin Hua;Jinyi Wang;Yiran Li;Wenyue Qin;Defeng Guo","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3544630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3544630","url":null,"abstract":"The substitution of alloy elements is an effective method to tailor the phase composition and microstructure of nanocomposite magnets. Here, a good microstructure, i.e., high soft phase content (~28.5 wt.%), small soft phase grain size (~10 nm), and uniform distribution of soft magnetic phase grains, was successfully realized in a SmCo/Fe(Co) nanocomposite magnet through the simultaneous substitution of Fe, Cu, and Zr alloy elements. The influences of alloy element substitutions on phase composition and microstructure of SmCo nanocomposite magnets have been studied. The substitution of Fe element increases the content of soft magnetic phase. The substitution of Cu element promotes the crystallization degree of hard magnetic phase at low temperature. The substitution of Zr element reduces the grain size of the soft magnetic phase Fe(Co). The simultaneous substitution of the three elements stabilizes the existence of SmCo3 phase, which greatly improves the <inline-formula> <tex-math>$H_{mathrm {c}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the sample. The optimized magnetic energy product was obtained at 580 °C when the contents of the Fe, Cu, and Zr were 14, 4, and 3 wt.%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 4","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Magnetic Viscosity Characterization of Fe–Nd–B Permanent Magnets Using a Novel Measurement Approach

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3544856

M. Lanz;G. Martinek;T. Kresse;G. Schneider;D. Goll

引用次数: 0

Power Attack-Immune Spintronic-Based AES Hardware Accelerator for Secure and High-Performance PiM Architectures

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3544409

Pegah Iranfar;Abdolah Amirany;Mohammad Hossein Moaiyeri

{"title":"Power Attack-Immune Spintronic-Based AES Hardware Accelerator for Secure and High-Performance PiM Architectures","authors":"Pegah Iranfar;Abdolah Amirany;Mohammad Hossein Moaiyeri","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3544409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3544409","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns about data security have grown due to the increasing leakage power attributed to the scaling of CMOS technology. This necessitates the integration of spintronic devices, such as magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), with CMOS to mitigate leakage power and maintain data integrity. This article proposes a novel hybrid MTJ/CMOS architecture that implements the advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm within a process-in-memory (PiM) framework to enhance data security. The key innovation is the architecture’s resilience to side-channel attacks, including differential power analysis (DPA) and correlation power analysis (CPA). Comprehensive post-layout simulations using the well-established 40-nm CMOS technology demonstrate that the power consumption patterns of each AES component remain constant, even under process variations. Furthermore, system-level simulations highlight that the proposed AES-128 architecture effectively resists information leakage and power attacks, even when exposed to numerous power traces used for key extraction. Comparative results indicate that our proposed power attack-resilient AES-128 hardware design outperforms existing application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementations, enhancing static power by 98% and boosting maximum frequency by 72% and 91%, respectively. The architecture’s adaptability for implementing other AES versions (AES-192 and AES-256) and substitution-based encryption algorithms further expands its versatility.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 4","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

3-D Magnetic Angular Sensor Enabled by Spin-Orbit Torque

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3544269

Xin Li;Wei Zhan;Zhe Guo;Xiaoyu Fan;Chenxi Zhou;Yihan Wang;Shuai Zhang;Long You

{"title":"3-D Magnetic Angular Sensor Enabled by Spin-Orbit Torque","authors":"Xin Li;Wei Zhan;Zhe Guo;Xiaoyu Fan;Chenxi Zhou;Yihan Wang;Shuai Zhang;Long You","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3544269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3544269","url":null,"abstract":"The application scenarios of magnetic angular position sensors are extensive, spanning diverse fields, such as navigation, medical devices, robotics, automotive industries, and aerospace. However, the fabrication of 3-D angular sensors presents significant challenges, as it necessitates the integration of sensors with varying orientations and precise orientation correction. In this work, we propose a novel 3-D angular position sensor based on the current-induced spin-orbit torque (SOT) effect, which features a simple and compact heavy metal (HM)/ferromagnetic (FM) heterostructure configuration. Spatial angular detection is accomplished by determining two projection angles, which represent the projection of a magnetic field onto three orthogonal planes within a spatial coordinate system. Compared to both commercially available and recently proposed angular position sensors, our design distinguishes itself by enabling 3-D magnetic field sensing with a single device, while maintaining a straightforward and scalable manufacturing process. Experimental results demonstrate that the angular error of the proposed sensor remains below 1° under magnetic fields of less than 15 Oe.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 4","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On Forward and Inverse Energy-Based Magnetic Vector Hysteresis Operators

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3544507

Herbert Egger;Felix Engertsberger;Lukas Domenig;Klaus Roppert;Manfred Kaltenbacher

引用次数: 0

Grain-Boundary Structures and Evolution in an Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnet

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3543812

Anhua Li;Yanru Li;Haibo Feng;Wei Li

{"title":"Grain-Boundary Structures and Evolution in an Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnet","authors":"Anhua Li;Yanru Li;Haibo Feng;Wei Li","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3543812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3543812","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, the grain-boundary (GB) phase structures of Nd-Fe-B sintered samples with different heat treatments but identical composition were characterized under multiple scales, and the evolution of the GB phase structures was discussed. The optimal <inline-formula> <tex-math>$H_{mathrm {cj}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> has been obtained in the sample adopted nitrogen fast cooling after annealing at 650 °C, and the sample had the optimal GB distribution, with clear and coherent thin-layer GB phases existing between the grains. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation revealed that the phase-separation phenomena occurred, and the typical band-like structure of altering high Fe phase [amorphous (AM)] and high Nd phase (eutectics) formed in the GB region of the optimal sample. The appearance of the nonferromagnetic high-Nd GB phases is helpful to achieve the high coercivity. The eutectic “Nd2Fe14B+Nd” was observed in the GB region of experimental Nd-Fe-B strip-casting (SC) flakes. The complexity and its cause of grain-boundary phase structures were clarified. Recognizing that Nd-Fe-B alloy belongs to a deep eutectic system is crucial for a systematic and integrate understanding of GB phase structures.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 4","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of Offtrack Read Capability in Hard Disk Drive With Two-Dimensional Magnetic Recording (TDMR)

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3542805

Xinyi Chen;Xinmin Shuai

引用次数: 0

Magnetic Shielding in a Planar Geometry: Using Ferromagnetic Washers to Screen In-Plane Fields

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3542188

Thomas Pirottin;Emile Fourneau;Alejandro V. Silhanek;Philippe Vanderbemden;Benoit Vanderheyden

引用次数: 0