Effect of Hardening on the Magnetic Behavior of AISI 1045 Steel

IF 1.9 3区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI:10.1109/TMAG.2025.3598357

Mario Vukotić;Damijan Miljavec;Jaka Burja

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Abstract

Hardening is an effective method to improve the hardness of the steel construction elements of an electric machine, such as rotor shaft. Surface hardening is typically employed for shafts as it provides a material with hard wear-resistant surface (martensite) and tough and ductile core (ferrite and pearlite), with the transitional zone between them (martensite, ferrite, and pearlite). The investigations were performed on the specimens of AISI 1045 steel, which is commonly used in electric machines. There were three categories of specimens, each of them representing a region in a surface hardened shaft – normalized specimens found in as-delivered steel (core), partially hardened specimens obtained by partial hardening of normalized specimens (transitional zone), and fully hardened specimens (hardened surface), also obtained from the normalized steel. The comparison of the magnetization curves showed that partially and fully hardened specimens exhibited a decrease of saturation magnetic flux density for about 11% and 7%, respectively, compared to the normalized specimens. The magnetizing curves from this study can be directly used in the magnetic simulations of a surface-hardened shaft. This allows more accurate electromagnetic design of electric machines, in which the shaft represents an important part of the magnetic circuit, e.g., two-pole wound-rotor synchronous machine.

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硬化对AISI 1045钢磁性能的影响

淬火是提高电机钢结构部件（如转子轴）硬度的有效方法。表面硬化通常用于轴，因为它提供了一种具有坚硬耐磨表面（马氏体）和坚韧延展性核心（铁素体和珠光体）的材料，以及它们之间的过渡区（马氏体，铁素体和珠光体）。研究对象为电机常用材料AISI 1045钢。有三种类型的试样，每一种都代表了轴表面硬化的一个区域：在交货钢中发现的正火试样（核心），由正火试样部分硬化获得的部分硬化试样（过渡区），以及同样从正火钢中获得的完全硬化试样（硬化表面）。磁化曲线对比表明，部分硬化和完全硬化试样的饱和磁通密度比归一化试样分别降低了11%和7%左右。所得磁化曲线可直接用于表面硬化轴的磁化模拟。这使得电机的电磁设计更加精确，其中轴是磁路的重要组成部分，例如，两极绕线转子同步电机。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

4.00

自引率

14.30%

发文量

565

审稿时长

4.1 months

期刊介绍： Science and technology related to the basic physics and engineering of magnetism, magnetic materials, applied magnetics, magnetic devices, and magnetic data storage. The IEEE Transactions on Magnetics publishes scholarly articles of archival value as well as tutorial expositions and critical reviews of classical subjects and topics of current interest.