Hongwei Cui;Conggan Ma;Yanyan Wang;Xiangyi Li;Yuling He;Zhaojie Shen;Zhaoqi Ji;Puwei Wang
{"title":"Analytical Calculation of Stray Magnetic Field in Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Under Static Eccentricity Considering Nonlinear and Nonuniform Magnetic Saturation","authors":"Hongwei Cui;Conggan Ma;Yanyan Wang;Xiangyi Li;Yuling He;Zhaojie Shen;Zhaoqi Ji;Puwei Wang","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3504497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3504497","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear magnetic saturation occurs in the rotor magnetic bridge area because of the complex rotor structure in the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), and the degrees of nonlinear magnetic saturation in the rotor region corresponding to different magnetic pole are quite different under the state of the stator-rotor eccentricity, that makes it difficult to calculate the stray magnetic field of the IPMSMs under eccentricity. This article proposes an analytical method of the stray magnetic field in IPMSMs considering influence of asymmetric and nonuniform saturation. First, a dual iteration technique of magnetic saturation is developed to solve the air-gap magnetic field of the IPMSMs under static eccentricity and the effect of eccentricity on the complex relative permeability (CRP) is also considered. Second, extended the air-gap domain vector magnetic potential to the outer air domain using the subdomain method to solve the stray magnetic field under static eccentricity. Then, the effects of different materials, different magnetic bridge structures and different static eccentricities on the no-load leakage coefficient are analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed analytical calculation method (ANA) is verified by a special eccentricity simulation device, the computational error is 3.92% compared to the experimental results. The computational speed is improved by 91.3% compared to the finite element method (FEM).","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yonghua Huang;Daohan Wang;Zhipeng Li;Xinchen Tu;Jun Nie;Xiuhe Wang
{"title":"Electromagnetic Performance Analysis and Multiobjective Optimal Design of a Novel Magnet-Shifted PM Motor for Reducing Torque Ripple","authors":"Yonghua Huang;Daohan Wang;Zhipeng Li;Xinchen Tu;Jun Nie;Xiuhe Wang","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3503655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3503655","url":null,"abstract":"In the electromagnetic design stage of PM motors, the consideration of reducing torque ripple is as important as the improvement of motor efficiency. In this article, the electromagnetic performance of the magnet-shifted surface-mounted PM motor is analyzed and calculated in detail. The Maxwell tensor method is used to explain the mechanism of mitigating cogging torque, and it will obtain the optimal magnet-shifted angle more quickly than Finite element parameterization. According to the change rule of winding flux linkage, the winding factor of the proposed motor is calculated, which describes the principle of harmonic generation fundamentally. The magnetic field is affected by many factors and the demagnetization curve of motor materials is nonlinear, so a multiobjective optimization strategy based on the genetic algorithm and the finite element calculation is selected to acquire the best parameters.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring Bounds in Complementary Formulations for Electroquasistatics","authors":"Antonino Vacalebre;Aldi Hoxha;Ruben Specogna","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3502700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3502700","url":null,"abstract":"It is well established that complementary formulations for static electromagnetic problems yield upper and lower energy bounds, a result that has been demonstrated only numerically for magnetoquasistatic (MQS) problems. However, this aspect remains completely unexplored for electroquasistatic (EQS) problems. The primary objective of this article is to solve an EQS problem for the first time using two complementary formulations. The secondary aim is to address the existing gap in the literature by numerically investigating whether energy bounds exist for EQS problems, following the approach previously applied to MQS problems.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coupled Electromagnetic–Fluid–Thermal Analysis in Large Scale Water–Hydrogen Hydrogen-Cooled Generator-Condenser Under Different Operations","authors":"Weili Li;Yalei Li;Tianhuai Qiao;Chunsun Tian;Mingyang Liu;Yang Xiao","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3496759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3496759","url":null,"abstract":"The synchronous generator running under the condenser condition can enhance the dynamic reactive power compensation capability of the new power system. However, the thermal of the generator is an important factor limiting its reactive power compensation ability. This article takes a 350 MW/300 Mvar water-hydrogen-hydrogen cooled generator-condenser as an example. Based on the coupled model of electromagnetic-fluid-thermal, the electromagnetic performance and stator temperature field under multiple working conditions are studied. First, 2-D electromagnetic field-circuit coupling model is built, and the magnetic density under generator-condenser condition is studied; additionally, the loss is used as the boundary condition to work out the thermal field. Second, through the iterative of the global ventilation network of the generator-condenser, the flow and pressure that suit the accuracy requirements are taken as the boundary conditions of the fluid field. Finally, by establishing 3-D fluid-solid coupled model of the stator with full axial half teeth and half slots, the thermal field of the winding, insulation, and water under the generator-condenser condition is analyzed with the finite volume method. This article provides useful references for the design and retrofit of the generator-condenser.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 2","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A GPU-Accelerated Semi-Implicit Method for Large-Scale Nonlinear Eddy-Current Problems Using Adaptive Time Step Control","authors":"Bernhard Kähne;Markus Clemens","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3502313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3502313","url":null,"abstract":"A transient magnetic vector potential formulation for nonlinear eddy-current problems and spatial finite element discretization form a system of nonlinear algebraic differential equations. Using Rosenbrock-Wanner (ROW) time integration methods, the system of nonlinear functions is solved with a series of linear systems of equations where the Jacobian matrix is kept constant during the entire time step. This makes ROW methods error-prone to larger time step sizes, wherefore the time step size must be controlled adaptively. To improve accuracy and reliability, the Jacobian matrix is determined exactly during the time step. For highly efficient simulations of large-scale problems, the process is accelerated using parallel computing and graphic processing units (GPUs).","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haijun Zhang;Bangwei Zhang;Jiashun Wang;Haifeng Kong;Guowen Cao
{"title":"Propagation Characteristics of End-Winding Insulation Fatigue Damage in Variable Frequency Motor Under Multi-Field Coupling","authors":"Haijun Zhang;Bangwei Zhang;Jiashun Wang;Haifeng Kong;Guowen Cao","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3502115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3502115","url":null,"abstract":"During the operation of large motors fed by inverter, the variable frequency current may affect the stress state of the winding conductor and insulation, which will further affect the propagation characteristics of insulation damage. In this article, the 3-D magnetic-thermal-mechanical coupling damage evolution model is established by using the finite element method (FEM), where the effects of variable frequency current excitation are considered. The complex distribution states of the frequency conversion and periodic stress inside the insulation layer are determined. The stress intensity factor (SIF) and modified Paris equation in fracture mechanics are introduced to describe the influence of frequency (50–350 Hz) on the propagation degree and trend of insulation damage. The fatigue propagation characteristics of motor end insulation damage under multi-field coupling variable frequency stress are quantitatively studied. The final results show that the fatigue growth rate of insulation damage at the knuckle part is affected seriously by the variable frequencies, which reach the maximum at about 200 Hz. The results of this research may provide theoretical references for the detection, diagnosis, and residual life prediction of stator insulation for variable frequency electrical machines.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Li;Kedong Wang;Xu Zhang;Kai Wang;Xueqing Yan;Kun Zhu
{"title":"Using Magnetic Moment for Field Reconstruction in Accelerator Magnets and Particle Tracking","authors":"Jie Li;Kedong Wang;Xu Zhang;Kai Wang;Xueqing Yan;Kun Zhu","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3501479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3501479","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving accurate transfer maps for realistic beamline elements hinges on obtaining precise 3-D magnetic field data for both straight and curved beamlines. Among various numerical methods for electromagnetic field calculations, boundary element methods can offer results that strictly comply with Maxwell’s equations. In this study, we use discrete magnetic moments for field reconstruction, storing magnetic field data locally using spherical harmonics conveniently without the need for integration. It shows efficient evaluation of arbitrary static magnetic fields, resulting in analytical representation of fields that can be differentiated and integrated. Leveraging the reconstructed field data, we use truncated power series algebra (TPSA) to compute precise design orbits and corresponding transfer maps.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical Analysis of Partial Discharge With Lossy Multi-Dielectric Insulator Forming Migration–Ohmic Model","authors":"Hyemin Kang;Yonghee Kim;Minhee Kim;Se-Hee Lee","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3498946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3498946","url":null,"abstract":"Partial discharge (PD) characteristics were analyzed with a lossy multi-dielectric insulator in air forming a migration-ohmic model by using a fully coupled finite element method. In high voltage direct current (HVDC) or medium voltage direct current (MVDC) systems, electric stress is constantly applied to multi-dielectric insulators resulting in the movement of space or surface charges. The concentration of surface or space charges can cause the PD problem, which degrades the breakdown strength of insulators. To consider this aging effect in dielectric insulators, conductivity in the aged dielectric material. Challenges have emerged in developing a numerical approach for analyzing the discharge behavior with this lossy dielectric material needs to be taken into account. With the difference in material properties forming a migration-ohmic model, one has usually employed Poisson’s equation for charge transport area and the current continuity equation for the lossy dielectric region, respectively, to solve this model. With these different governing equations, the electric scalar potential cannot be solved uniquely. For this reason, therefore, it has been rarely reported to analyze this migration-ohmic model in discharge analysis. To remove this uncertainty of the electric scalar potential, we introduced the current continuity equation incorporating the space charge transport equations for electrons, and positive and negative ions. To validate our numerical setup, first, a unipolar charge transport analysis with the migration-ohmic model is compared with the results from the analytic solution. Then, the temporal surface charge decay is also compared with that from an experiment reported in previous literature. Finally, we conduct a quantitative analysis of the PD patterns, considering the dynamic behavior of the surface and space charge densities within the discharge region.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luyao Wang;Xueyi Zhang;Jinke Wu;Mingjun Wang;Wenjing Hu;Huihui Geng;Xingzhe Pang
{"title":"Multi-Objective Optimization Design of a Segmented Asymmetric V-Type Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor","authors":"Luyao Wang;Xueyi Zhang;Jinke Wu;Mingjun Wang;Wenjing Hu;Huihui Geng;Xingzhe Pang","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3499366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3499366","url":null,"abstract":"A segmented asymmetric V-type permanent magnet structure is proposed to address the issues of high output torque ripple and large cogging torque in traditional permanent magnet synchronous motors. First, the relationship between the pole-span angles of the segmented asymmetric V-type permanent magnet structure and the output torque, torque ripple, and cogging torque is investigated. Then, the rationality of the segmented asymmetric V-type permanent magnet structure and the correctness of the theoretical derivation are verified by the finite-element simulation. Subsequently, with the optimization objectives of increasing the average output torque of the motor, reducing the torque ripple, and decreasing the cogging torque, the optimal pole-span angle combination of the motor is determined by using the Pareto frontier distribution and the weight analysis method. The effectiveness of the optimized design is finally verified by the finite-element simulation and prototype tests. The results reveal that the segmented asymmetric V-type permanent magnet structure can ensure ample output torque while having low cogging torque and torque ripple in output characteristics.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extension of Dowell and Semi-Analytical Homogenization Methods for Time-Domain Analysis of Magnetic Devices","authors":"Hajime Igarashi;Qiao Liu;Shuli Yin","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3498010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3498010","url":null,"abstract":"This article extends the Dowell method and the semi-analytical homogenization method to analyze copper losses in a magnetic device in the time domain. The main contribution of this work is that the impedances provided by the Dowell method and the complex permeability resulting from the homogenization method are represented by the continued fractions and corresponding Cauer equivalent circuits, with which the time-domain analysis can be effectively performed. The transient waveforms of the copper loss computed by the equivalent circuit, in which the original leakage inductance is extended to a Cauer circuit, are shown to be in good agreement with those computed by the finite element method. It is also shown that the Dowell method is valid only for the 1-D magnetic field over the winding region, while the homogenization method is valid even when this assumption does not hold.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}