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Accelerated 3-D Analysis of Metasurfaces for RIS Applications by Characteristic Cell Functions 基于特征单元函数的RIS应用超表面加速三维分析
IF 2.1 3区 工程技术
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2024.3480354
Botond Tamás Csathó;Zsolt Badics;József Pávó;Bálint Péter Horváth
{"title":"Accelerated 3-D Analysis of Metasurfaces for RIS Applications by Characteristic Cell Functions","authors":"Botond Tamás Csathó;Zsolt Badics;József Pávó;Bálint Péter Horváth","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3480354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3480354","url":null,"abstract":"A fast 3-D numerical solver based on an electric field integral equation (EFIE) formulation is developed for analyzing metasurfaces (MTSs) in reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) applications. As part of the numerical model, a new methodology is introduced for the systematic generation of characteristic cell functions (CCFs). The CCFs provide a global approximation function set for the surface currents on perfect electric conductor (PEC) patches of the MTS cells with significantly fewer unknowns than regular localized expansion functions. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of CCFs for 3-D illustrative scenarios and present the substantial performance improvement they enable.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"60 12","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evolution and Comparison of Two Axial-Flux PM Machines for All-Electric Aircraft Propulsion 用于全电力飞机推进的两种轴向通量永磁发电机的发展与比较
IF 2.1 3区 工程技术
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2024.3478376
Dingbang Long;Honghui Wen;Zhikang Shuai;Yafei Lu;Bingjie Zhu
{"title":"Evolution and Comparison of Two Axial-Flux PM Machines for All-Electric Aircraft Propulsion","authors":"Dingbang Long;Honghui Wen;Zhikang Shuai;Yafei Lu;Bingjie Zhu","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3478376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3478376","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposed, optimized, and compared two dual-rotor axial-flux permanent magnet (PM) machines for all-electric aircraft (AEA) propulsion. First, the design requirements are determined, and the initial structures of the yokeless and segmented armature (YASA) machine and the axial-flux vernier PM (AFVPM) machine are designed with identical outer radius, inner radius, and axial length. Several features, including the Halbach array and PM skewing, are introduced to improve power density and efficiency. Then, to reduce the computational burden of finite element analysis (FEA), the surrogate models of machines are constructed by Box-Behnken design (BBD). The electromagnetic performances, such as induced voltage, torque characters, and efficiency of the proposed machines, are simulated. Subsequently, the discussions are carried out, where the strength and weakness of the two machines are evaluated. Finally, it is concluded that the YASA machine is a superior choice for AEA propulsion due to its higher output torque, power density, torque density, and efficiency when compared to the AFVPM machine.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"60 12","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142736594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prediction of Motor Characteristic Maps via Deep Operator Networks for Topology Optimization 通过用于拓扑优化的深度算子网络预测电机特性图
IF 2.1 3区 工程技术
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2024.3477448
Hidenori Sasaki;Kazuhisa Iwata;Takahiro Sato;Yuki Sato
{"title":"Prediction of Motor Characteristic Maps via Deep Operator Networks for Topology Optimization","authors":"Hidenori Sasaki;Kazuhisa Iwata;Takahiro Sato;Yuki Sato","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3477448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3477448","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a novel methodology for directly training response surfaces of torque and magnet flux density distributions of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) under specified input conditions and predicting the speed-torque characteristics or torque wave. Existing models have low prediction accuracy when simultaneously integrating shape information and current conditions. To overcome this challenge and improve the prediction of motor characteristics, a new deep learning (DL) model that combines deep operator networks and convolutional neural networks is proposed. This advanced approach greatly improves the accuracy of motor characteristic predictions across varying current levels and rotational angles, achieving an 89.6% increase in accuracy compared to comparative methods. The model is successfully applied to parameter and topology optimization (TO), effectively maximizing the speed-torque characteristics of IPMSMs.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"60 12","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142736593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analytical Calculation of Slotless Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Motor With Sinusoidal Magnets for Torque Ripple Reduction 带正弦磁铁的无槽轴向磁通量永磁电机用于降低扭矩波纹的分析计算
IF 2.1 3区 工程技术
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2024.3477923
Chengwu Diao;Wenliang Zhao;Longxuan Li;Sunil Kumar;Byung-Il Kwon
{"title":"Analytical Calculation of Slotless Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Motor With Sinusoidal Magnets for Torque Ripple Reduction","authors":"Chengwu Diao;Wenliang Zhao;Longxuan Li;Sunil Kumar;Byung-Il Kwon","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3477923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3477923","url":null,"abstract":"As the applications and production demands for high-speed axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motors continue to expand, conventional motor designs are increasingly challenged to achieve high-quality torque while adhering to shorter design cycles. To address this issue, this article proposes an analytical method for slotless AFPM motors with specific magnets to make back electromotive force (EMF) sinusoidal for low torque ripple. Initially, the design principle of the sinusoidal magnet is introduced, and the air gap magnetic field of the AFPM motor is modeled based on the sinusoidal magnet shape, with a comparison of the ring magnet. Subsequently, the back EMF of the AFPM motor with toroidal and bunched winding is deduced and compared by winding function. The torque performance is further calculated to verify the effectiveness of the low torque ripple design. Finally, the prototype with sinusoidal magnets and bunched winding is manufactured, and the analytical results are consistent with experimental tests.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"60 12","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142736491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Extended Transmission Line Theory and Its Application to the Broadband Modeling of Ferrite-Based RF Transformers 扩展传输线理论及其在铁氧体射频变压器宽带建模中的应用
IF 2.1 3区 工程技术
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2024.3476925
Christoph Julien Wegmann;Harald Klingbeil
{"title":"Extended Transmission Line Theory and Its Application to the Broadband Modeling of Ferrite-Based RF Transformers","authors":"Christoph Julien Wegmann;Harald Klingbeil","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3476925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3476925","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, an extended transmission line theory is derived and utilized to generate simple broadband models for ferrite transmission line transformers in the kilo- and megahertz range. Using the extended description of a transmission line leads to a compact element that can easily be inserted into the circuit of a device. The resulting models are verified through measurements of various transformers and produce qualitatively and quantitatively accurate predictions. Lastly, simulation analysis using CST Studio Suite confirms the internal physical behavior of the extended transmission line model, specifically its distinction between symmetrical and unsymmetrical currents.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"60 12","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10711920","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142713954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hybrid Surrogate Model Based Multiobjective Optimization Design of Flux-Modulated Permanent Magnet Machine for Shaftless Pump-Jet Propulsor 基于混合代用模型的无轴泵-喷气推进器磁通调制永磁机多目标优化设计
IF 2.1 3区 工程技术
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2024.3476247
Qinghai Qin;Haitao Yu;Shuhua Fang;Qiongfang Zhang;Yulei Liu
{"title":"Hybrid Surrogate Model Based Multiobjective Optimization Design of Flux-Modulated Permanent Magnet Machine for Shaftless Pump-Jet Propulsor","authors":"Qinghai Qin;Haitao Yu;Shuhua Fang;Qiongfang Zhang;Yulei Liu","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3476247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3476247","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a novel hybrid surrogate model (SM) based multiobjective optimization method to optimize flux-modulated permanent magnet (PM) machine (FPMM) for the shaftless pump-jet propulsor. The proposed optimization method combining radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), support vector regression (SVR), and nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-III (NSGA-III) to achieve high torque performance and low harmonics of the back electromotive force (EMF). The topology and operating principle of the FPMM are addressed. The design variables are divided into different levels based on sensitivity analysis and the optimization objectives are selected. A hybrid SM is established based on the data space at different levels. NSGA-III is applied to obtain the nondominance solutions and the final design point is selected. The electromagnetic performance of the initial and optimized schemes is compared by finite element analysis (FEA), which verifies the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed multiobjective optimization method.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"60 12","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142736331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design and Development of a Coaxial Integrated Triaxial Fluxgate Sensor 同轴集成三轴磁通门传感器的设计与开发
IF 2.1 3区 工程技术
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2024.3472227
Zhengang Zhao;Yingjie Hou;Chuan Luo;Junjiang Shi
{"title":"Design and Development of a Coaxial Integrated Triaxial Fluxgate Sensor","authors":"Zhengang Zhao;Yingjie Hou;Chuan Luo;Junjiang Shi","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3472227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3472227","url":null,"abstract":"Triaxial fluxgate sensors are widely used in vector magnetic measurement due to their excellent robustness and high resolution. Conventionally, they are assembled from three orthogonally placed single-axis fluxgates. However, the non-coincidence of the three single-axis fluxgate axis center points results in sensitive area non-uniformity of each axis and large crosstalk. To solve the problem of sensitive area non-uniformity and improve the accuracy of triaxial fluxgate in vector magnetic measurement, the impact of the center point position of a triaxial fluxgate on magnetic field measurement is investigated through finite element analysis. A coaxial integrated triaxial fluxgate sensor probe and its supporting circuits are proposed and fabricated. In addition, the geomagnetic field at three locations is measured by the proposed coaxial integrated triaxial fluxgate and the orthogonally placed single-axis fluxgates with equivalent specifications. The experiments show that as the distance among the axis center points of the three axes of the probe increases, the measured total magnetic flux density shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The total magnetic flux density measurement error of the designed coaxial probe at all three locations is less than \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$3~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 T, which is better than the assembled triaxial fluxgate probe. The proposed coaxial triaxial fluxgate effectively overcomes the problems of large crosstalk and measurement point deviation caused by the non-uniform axis center points of traditional triaxial fluxgates.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"60 12","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142713966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dual Inverter Parallel Consequent Pole PM-Assisted Hybrid Sub-Harmonic Synchronous Machines 双逆变器并联顺极永磁辅助混合式次谐波同步电机
IF 2.1 3区 工程技术
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2024.3471927
S. M. Sajjad Hossain Rafin;Qasim Ali;Osama A. Mohammed
{"title":"Dual Inverter Parallel Consequent Pole PM-Assisted Hybrid Sub-Harmonic Synchronous Machines","authors":"S. M. Sajjad Hossain Rafin;Qasim Ali;Osama A. Mohammed","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3471927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3471927","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes novel dual inverter sub-harmonic synchronous machine (SHSM) topologies titled DI-PCH2L-SHSM and DI-PCH3L-SHSM. These integrate dual inverter control, consequent pole PM-assisted hybrid excitation, and parallel hybrid concepts to achieve enhanced torque density, low torque ripple, high efficiency, and practical field current controllability compared to conventional designs. The consequent pole PM arrangement halves PM usage while maintaining performance. The 2-D FEA validates the eight-pole, 48-slot, 1.3 kW designs, with the DI-PCH2L-SHSM and DI-PCH3L-SHSM exhibiting maximum average torques of 12.14 and 12.94 Nm, respectively, along with significantly reduced 18% and 17.58% torque ripples. Their dual inverter topology enables precise field current regulation for optimized torque generation. While requiring higher currents, these topologies demonstrate higher 83.65% and 81.76% efficiencies. They present a compelling, high-performance, reduced PM solution for renewable energy and transportation applications.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"60 12","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142736332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adaptive Local Mesh Refinement in 2-D Finite Volume Method for Steady State and Transient Simulations of Semiconductor Devices 二维有限体积法中的自适应局部网格细化，用于半导体器件的稳态和瞬态模拟
IF 2.1 3区 工程技术
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2024.3471680
Qingyuan Shi;Chijie Zhuang;Bo Lin;Dan Wu;Li Li;Rong Zeng
{"title":"Adaptive Local Mesh Refinement in 2-D Finite Volume Method for Steady State and Transient Simulations of Semiconductor Devices","authors":"Qingyuan Shi;Chijie Zhuang;Bo Lin;Dan Wu;Li Li;Rong Zeng","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3471680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3471680","url":null,"abstract":"An adaptive nonconforming mesh refinement technique for 2-D semiconductor device simulations with the finite volume scheme on triangular meshes is proposed to enhance the numerical accuracy in regions of interest. To capture the solution with large gradients in thin layers, three physics-based cell refinement indicators are proposed to effectively locate the critical areas near the junctions, electrodes, and the boundaries of depletion regions, respectively. The local conservation property of the finite volume Scharfetter-Gummel (FVSG) scheme is preserved in refined cells by a proper control volume discretization for meshes even with hanging nodes. Steady state and transient simulations of semiconductors demonstrated that the numerical error is effectively reduced and computational burden is relieved by the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"60 12","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142736537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Novel Design of Quantum Multiplexer and its Identity Rules-Based Optimization for the Spin-Torque-Based n-Qubit Architecture 量子多路复用器的新型设计及其基于身份规则的优化，适用于基于自旋力矩的 nubit 架构
IF 2.1 3区 工程技术
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2024.3471700
Anant Aravind Kulkarni;S. S. Gayathri;Dev Ranjan Das;Brajesh Kumar Kaushik
{"title":"A Novel Design of Quantum Multiplexer and its Identity Rules-Based Optimization for the Spin-Torque-Based n-Qubit Architecture","authors":"Anant Aravind Kulkarni;S. S. Gayathri;Dev Ranjan Das;Brajesh Kumar Kaushik","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3471700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3471700","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum computing (QC) imitates particle behavior at the sub-atomic level. Quantum gates are based on quantum mechanical phenomena such as superposition and entanglement. The obstacle to the realization of reversible computing is the huge number of operations in terms of quantum gates. Therefore, novel designs of reversible computing blocks with a minimum number of elementary operations with high fidelity are necessary. Therefore, a novel design of multiplexer is proposed in this article, which is composed of only 1-CNOT and 1-Toffoli gates. Moreover, the reduced decomposition of the multiplexer and its identity rule-based optimization for the spin-torque-based n-qubit architecture is discussed. To validate the design, the QISKIT implementation of the novel design in terms of amplitude, probability, and Q-sphere representation is carried out. The results are encouraging to realize the reversible computing involving quantum multiplexer as one of the building blocks.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"60 12","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142713920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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