{"title":"Analysis of Multiphase Single-Sided Linear Induction Motors for Combined Propulsion and Levitation of Maglev Vehicles","authors":"Simone Rametti;Lucien Pierrejean;André Hodder;Mario Paolone","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3587391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3587391","url":null,"abstract":"Thanks to the rapid growth of multiphase drives (MPDs), multiphase (MP) rotating electrical machines have gained popularity in the scientific community, demonstrating several advantages compared to traditional three-phase ones. Although MP rotating machines have been extensively studied in the literature, little research has been carried out on MP linear electrical machines and their application in the transportation sector. In this context, this article proposes a highly accurate and computationally efficient analytical model of MP single-sided linear induction motors (SLIMs) validated through comparison with finite-element analysis (FEA) simulations over a large interval of operational speeds (i.e., <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0~{mathrm { m}} cdot {mathrm { s}}^{-1} leq v_{m} lt 150~{mathrm { m}} cdot {mathrm { s}}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The proposed model, obtained by extending the one published in previous works by the authors, is used to analyze the performance of different MP SLIMs in terms of forces (i.e., thrust and normal force) and efficiency. A comparison with a three-phase SLIM is presented too. Furthermore, the effect of an iron appendix installed at the rear of the motor, which has been shown to increase the levitation force of SLIMs at high speed, has been added to the presented analysis. The results of the analysis demonstrate that an MP supply greatly affects the forces developed by the SLIMs and represents a solution to integrate propulsion and levitation (PL) functionalities into a single LIM for magnetic levitation (maglev) vehicles.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 9","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanoscale Magnetic Tunnel Junctions Fabricated Using Etching-Back Technique","authors":"Yawen Luo;Shuhui Liu;Renjuan Luo;Wei Tang;Bin Fang;Zhongming Zeng;Yan Zhou","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3585890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3585890","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) have gained significant attention due to their versatile applications in next-generation information storage, high-sensitivity sensors, and neuromorphic computing systems. The precise and high-quality fabrication of MTJ devices in laboratory settings is crucial for driving advancements in MTJ research. This study introduces a high-precision, cost-effective, and efficient fabrication method for nanoscale MTJ devices by integrating metal hard mask etching (etch-back) with conventional lithography techniques. This approach enables the production of devices with nanopillar dimensions as small as 100 nm, achieving a remarkable 100% yield. The fabricated devices demonstrate outstanding performance metrics, including a resistance–area (RA) product of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$23~Omega cdot mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m2, a tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio of 110%, reliable spin-transfer torque (STT)-induced switching behavior, and a robust spin-torque diode effect. This work offers a practical and scalable pathway for the cost-effective laboratory fabrication of nanoscale MTJ devices, paving the way for further advancements in spintronic technologies.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 9","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lukas Daniel Domenig;Klaus Roppert;Herbert De Gersem;Manfred Kaltenbacher
{"title":"Methods to Compute Magnetic Flux Linkages Along H-Based Finite Element Formulations","authors":"Lukas Daniel Domenig;Klaus Roppert;Herbert De Gersem;Manfred Kaltenbacher","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3585725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3585725","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents four methods to obtain flux linkages along an <inline-formula> <tex-math>${boldsymbol {H}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-based formulation in the same elegant and efficient way as along magnetic vector potential formulations. In a post-processing step, the magnetic vector potential is found: 1) as a by-product of a penalized <inline-formula> <tex-math>${boldsymbol {H}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-formulation; 2) by solving an additional field problem; 3) by the Biot–Savart (BS) integral; and 4) by the Poincaré integral. The magnetic scalar potential formulation combined with the BS or the Poincaré integral allows to solve the magnetic field and post-process the magnetic fluxes of an industry-relevant example with a five times better computational efficiency than the standard magnetic vector potential approach.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 9","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11069308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claas Ehmke;Quentin Boehler;Salvador Pané;Bradley J. Nelson
{"title":"Design and Optimization of Remagnetization Actuators","authors":"Claas Ehmke;Quentin Boehler;Salvador Pané;Bradley J. Nelson","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3585420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3585420","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetization programming is a promising approach in the field of robotic magnetic navigation in which magnetized devices are manipulated using externally generated magnetic fields. This work explores the design and optimization of remagnetization actuators to dynamically reprogram the magnetization of the devices to be manipulated. The influence of the material and geometry of the magnet to be programmed and of the remagnetization circuit parameters on the performance of the programming is investigated. Performance assessment focuses on maximizing the achievable torque on the magnet and optimizing the dynamics and efficiency of the remagnetization. The key findings of this study are that AlNiCo 9 magnets can deliver superior torque compared to AlNiCo 5, and that using hollow instead of solid cylindrical magnets can improve the remagnetization process with only a limited reduction in its maximum achievable torque. These findings provide an important foundation for advancing the performance and reliability of remagnetization actuators in magnetic control systems.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 8","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Magnetoelastic Vector Hysteresis Modeling for Electromagnetic Devices: A Combination of a Multiscale Model With the Energy-Based Hysteresis Framework","authors":"K. Roppert;M. Kaltenbacher;L. Domenig;L. Daniel","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3584819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3584819","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the simplified multiscale model (SMSM) is incorporated into the energy-based (EB) quasi-static vector hysteresis model to represent the anhysteretic part of the material behavior. This approach enables the inclusion of effects such as mechanical stress, magnetostriction, material anisotropy, and crystallographic texture. By integrating the anhysteretic model into the EB framework, it becomes possible to account for dissipative effects (in our case, domain wall pinning) while utilizing detailed material information. To solve the EB model in conjunction with the SMSM, two approaches are pursued: a numerical optimization of a free energy functional and an explicit approximate variant, known as the vector play model (VPM). Both methods are compared in terms of computational performance, and the differences in results are demonstrated through the simulation of the cross section of an electric machine. Furthermore, the local as well as global behavior is investigated. It is shown that in an electrical machine configuration, the VPM provides a very satisfactory approximation to both local and global responses, together with a reduced computation time compared to the EB model. In the provided application case, it is shown that a shrink-fitting operation can lead to a 30% increase in the overall hysteresis losses.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 8","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11062564","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Magnetics Society Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3582177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3582177","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 7","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11061368","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144536471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Louis Denis;Elias Paakkunainen;Paavo Rasilo;Sebastian Schöps;Benoît Vanderheyden;Christophe Geuzaine
{"title":"Magnetic Field Conforming Formulations for Foil Windings","authors":"Louis Denis;Elias Paakkunainen;Paavo Rasilo;Sebastian Schöps;Benoît Vanderheyden;Christophe Geuzaine","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3584111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3584111","url":null,"abstract":"e extend the foil winding homogenization method to magnetic field conforming formulations. We first propose a full magnetic field foil winding formulation by analogy with magnetic flux density conforming formulations. We then introduce the magnetic scalar potential in non-conducting regions to improve the efficiency of the model. This leads to a significant reduction in the number of degrees of freedom, particularly in 3-D applications. The proposed models are verified on two frequency-domain benchmark problems: a 2-D axisymmetric problem and a 3-D problem. They reproduce results obtained with magnetic flux density conforming formulations and with resolved conductor models that explicitly discretize all turns. Moreover, the models are applied in the transient simulation of a high-temperature superconducting coil. In all investigated configurations, the proposed models provide reliable results while considerably reducing the size of the numerical problem to be solved.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 8","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Semi-Analytical Calculation of PM Eddy Current Loss in IPMSM Using Equivalent Magnetic Circuit Model","authors":"Feng-Yuan Yu;Jin-Ping Lu;Xue-Fei Qin;Yunchong Wang;Jian-Xin Shen","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3582775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3582775","url":null,"abstract":"A semi-analytical method is proposed for rapidly calculating the eddy current loss in permanent magnets (PMs) of interior PM synchronous machines (IPMSMs), incorporating the effects of current harmonics and PM segmentation. The eddy current reaction field is solved with the equivalent magnetic circuit model extracted from finite element (FE) analysis. The internal and external equivalent magnetic circuits of the PM are established, respectively, with their parameters determined with FE sweeping and interpolation. The novelty of this work lies in fully considering the eddy current reaction effects, especially the interactions between the eddy current reaction fields in different PMs. The accuracy of the proposed method is validated through FE simulations of a 9-slot 6-pole IPMSM, demonstrating higher computational efficiency than the conventional FE method and higher accuracy than the existing semi-analytical methods. Furthermore, the proposed method is applicable to various winding and rotor configurations.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 8","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}