IEEE Transactions on Magnetics最新文献

{"title":"Investigation and Analysis of Power Factor Characteristics Based on the Harmonic Distortion Effect for the Permanent Magnet Linear Machine","authors":"Dingying Wu;Jin Xu","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3519168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3519168","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the power factor characteristics of the permanent magnet linear machine (PMLM) with the modulation ratio effect (MRE). Due to the machine MRE, the PMLM has more effective harmonics for the thrust force production, but it also has lower PF value. To investigate the relationship between the power factor and MRE, the power factor has been derived under different control strategies, the lower power factor in machine has been revealed, and the harmonic distortion ratio has been defined. Then, the magnetic field and the harmonic distortion of different permanent magnet (PM) machine topologies have been analyzed and compared; eight models with various combinations of slot and pole have been compared and evaluated. Finally, both the 12-slot/10-pole and 12-slot/14-pole combinations have lower <inline-formula> <tex-math>$k_{text {MR}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and higher power factor, and the research results have provided the feasibility of the proposed method, which provides an approach in the power factor optimization and machine design.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 2","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electromagnetic Design Optimization of a PMSG Using a Deep Neural Network Approach","authors":"C. Hernandez;B. Campos;L. Diaz;J. Lara;M. A. Arjona","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3518536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3518536","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the electromagnetic design optimization of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based on machine learning (ML). First, the optimization methodology is presented; then, a correlation and a sensitivity analysis are carried out to determine the set of design variables. The optimization goal is maximizing efficiency, which is equivalent to minimizing electrical PMSG losses. It also considers the core and copper materials by minimizing their weight. A deep neural network (DNN) architecture is developed and trained using PMSG 2D-FE data. The DNN is based on the nonlinear rectified linear unit (ReLU). The resulting DNN was later used to construct the PMSG objective function, which was then solved using non-sorting genetic algorithms. Numerical results and comparisons between two genetic algorithms are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 2","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Improvement of Wound Field Synchronous Motor for EV Propulsion Applying Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel","authors":"Ho-Jin Oh;Jae-Hoon Cho;Young-Ho Hwang;Yongmin Kim;Seok-Won Jung;Sang-Yong Jung","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3518457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3518457","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the performance enhancement of wound field synchronous motors (WFSMs) through a design method that incorporates grain-oriented electrical steel (GOES). Cross-magnetization, resulting from the overlapping fluxes of the d- and q-axes, occurs within the rotor of the WFSM. Consequently, rotor design must enable optimal utilization of cross-magnetization to enhance electromagnetic performance. This study proposes an approach that uses the magnetic properties aligned with the easy axis of GOES, aiming to improve cross-magnetization utilization and reduce copper loss. Electromagnetic torque improvements are demonstrated by analyzing the magnetic flux path in comparison to models using non-oriented electrical steel (NOES). Furthermore, the role of cross-magnetization in performance enhancement is examined through a detailed analysis of the easy axis of GOES. Finally, the superiority of GOES is established through optimal rotor designs based on the type of electrical steel applied.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 2","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Improved Multi-Objective GA for Low-Frequency Metamaterial Unit Robust Optimization Under Uncertainty","authors":"Yiying Li;Xiaowen Xu;Shiyou Yang","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3518557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3518557","url":null,"abstract":"Metamaterial (MM) is very promising in engineering applications since it exhibits extraordinary physical properties that do not exist in nature. Nevertheless, the development of an MM still faces some bottleneck problems, such as maximizing the negative permeability and ensuring the robustness of the high permeability at the working frequency in engineering applications. To address the inefficiencies of the existing multi-objective robust optimization methodologies in applications to MM designs, an improved multi-objective genetic algorithm and an adaptive surrogate model are proposed. To accelerate the solution speed of the original multi-objective algorithm in finding both high-quality solutions and distributing them uniformly, two polynomial approximation-based move operations are proposed. Moreover, some dominant techniques including the construction of the relationship between different objective functions and the relationship between the objectives and the design variables are investigated. Also, an adaptive surrogate model is introduced to efficiently quantify the robust performance of a solution. The numerical results of optimizations of two mathematical benchmark problems and a prototype MM unit have demonstrated the feasibility and merits of the proposed methodology.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 2","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization Method Based on Zonal Harmonics for Axially Symmetric Magnets","authors":"Oscar Sucre;Stefan Glöggler","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3516373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3516373","url":null,"abstract":"An optimization method based on the zonal harmonic description of the magnetic field, suitable for the design of axially symmetric magnetic sources, is presented. Expressions of both axial <inline-formula> <tex-math>$B_{z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and radial <inline-formula> <tex-math>$B_{rho }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> components of the magnetic field are obtained as the infinite sum of the zonal harmonics. For arrangements having as the basic building block an axially magnetized cylinder, analytical formulas for all zonal momenta <inline-formula> <tex-math>$M_{l}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> have also been derived up to the 11th order (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$l=11$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). Through the relationships established by these formulas, a procedure of optimization is initiated to find arrangements of permanent magnet rings that fulfill wished goals of design. Two examples of application have been presented: a pair of rings arrangement (PRA) for a maximally homogeneous gradient field and the four-ring arrangement (FRA) for a maximally homogeneous magnetic field. Several optimized configurations have been found, both for the PRA and FRA cases. For the PRA of thin thickness, geometrical conditions found reproduce those of the known Maxwell pair of current loops for the generation of gradients. The uniformity in gradients so achieved reaches 0.5% within a region with radius 28% of the gap between the lower and upper rings. For the FRA configurations with a gap of 300 mm, seven configurations are reported, providing a field strength between 98.1 and 82.2 mT. The inhomogeneity is 100 ppm at 40% of the gap in the best case. A match of the field lines calculated using finite-element analysis (FEA) with those calculated through the serial expressions of the radial and axial components confirms the compliance of the found FRA configurations with the goals of the design imposed. Furthermore, the homogeneity obtained compares well with the other designs reported in other axially symmetric configurations for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) presented in the literature. The found FRA configurations, however, distinguish themself by their more simple structure. Discussions about the application of the method in the design of magnetic lenses for electron optics or magnetic actuators have also been included.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 2","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical Calculation and Measurements of the Magnetic Force Between Permanent Magnet and Rotor Yoke of Large-Scale Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator","authors":"Woo-Sung Jung;Hyo-Seob Shin;Su-Min Kim;Kyeong-Won Kwak;Kyong-Hwan Kim;Ji-Yong Park;Kyung-Hun Shin;Jang-Young Choi","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3513463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3513463","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents both analytical calculations and empirical measurements of the magnetic force between the permanent magnet (PM) and rotor yoke in a large-scale PM synchronous generator (PMSG). The assembly of PMs in large-scale PMSGs is particularly challenging owing to the substantial magnetic forces involved. Therefore, accurately predicting the PM magnetic force during the assembly process is of paramount importance. The presented analytical solution is instrumental for designing PM assembly jigs across various machine sizes. A scaled-down experimental setup, incorporating a steel plate to neutralize magnetic forces, was employed. The experimental results and the analytical solutions are compared to validate the accuracy of the proposed calculations.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 2","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphics Processing Unit Simulation of Magnetic Domains Under Alternating Field Excitation Including Iron Enhancement","authors":"Adwaith Ravichandran;Rainer Meinke;Hector Gutierrez","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3513287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3513287","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting the magnetization of ferromagnetic materials in the presence of dc and ac background fields generated by current-carrying windings is a frequent requirement for important engineering applications in electrical machines and electromagnet design. Existing finite element techniques for the estimation of these effects are based on time-consuming, nonlinear iterative solvers. A novel mesh-free technique is proposed to overcome the issues related to coupled domain discretization, which also requires meshing the background media (air domain) of the control volume. In the proposed approach, the ferromagnetic domain is filled with small spherical subvolumes representing the complete magnetic domain. These spherical subvolumes are magnetized by the background magnetic field and their interaction with each other results in the cumulative field enhancing the ferromagnetic effect on the ferromagnetic element. Such an approach to modeling ferromagnetism presents a simple engineering solution that is on par, if not better, than conventional finite element methods. Although these methods do not model boundary effects between microscopic Weiss domains, the proposed method approximates this to a more reasonable extent than conventional finite element methods. Using this approach, the effect of each magnetic sphere can be concurrently calculated on general-purpose graphics processing units (GPUs), reducing computation time compared to by commercial finite element solvers while achieving comparable accuracy in the solution. With more powerful, state-of-the-art GPUs, the proposed mesh-free approach could be used to model complex domains and perform design space exploration of geometric constraints considered impractical with finite element methods. The proposed method is validated by comparing its performance against results obtained using a commercially available finite-element solver for a common iron geometry. This approach constitutes an approximate surrogate model for the fast optimization of complex systems, which would be relatively slow to implement with finite element methods.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 2","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semi-Implicit Time Integration Method for a FEM-Parameterized Plant Model of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor","authors":"Kota Takagi;Yasuhito Takahashi;Akira Ahagon;Tetsuji Matsuo;Koji Fujiwara","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3512655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3512655","url":null,"abstract":"A finite-element method (FEM)-parameterized motor model considering the armature current- and rotor position-dependent characteristics is widely used as the plant model for designing control systems of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). However, it is necessary to achieve faster real-time simulation of the plant model. This study aims to speed up circuit simulation by avoiding iterative calculations required to solve nonlinear equations. Semi-implicit (SI) time integration methods are applied to the PMSM plant model, and the effectiveness of the presented approaches is verified.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 2","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiphysics Modeling for Thermal Interruption Capability Evaluation in 72.5 kV GCB Adopting CO₂/O₂ Mixture Gas","authors":"Hyun-Mo Ahn;Jun-Kyu Park;Hyun-Jae Jang;Ki-Dong Song;Sung-Chin Hahn;Yeon-Ho Oh","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3511701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3511701","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing concerns surrounding global warming and its adverse effects have contributed to the rising demand for SF6-free eco-friendly gas circuit breakers (GCBs). In particular, CO2/O2 mixtures possess better arc-quenching capabilities than pure CO2, making them suitable insulation gases for eco-friendly GCBs. This study proposes a multiphysics model combining electric, fluid dynamics, and radiation models to evaluate the thermal interruption capability in a 72.5 kV GCB using a CO2/O2 mixture gas. The pressure rise inside the thermal chamber and arc voltage of a prototype gas interrupter adopting a CO2/O2 mixture gas were calculated using the proposed model. The feasibility of the model was verified through a comparison of the calculated pressure rise and arc voltage with the measurement results. Furthermore, we calculated the temperature, pressure, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ablation distribution of the 72.5 kV GCB with the CO2/O2 mixture gas. Based on these results, we estimated the thermal interruption capabilities, specifically, the post-arc current (PAC) and G200 indices. The numerical investigation of the thermal interruption capability can contribute to the design of GCB interrupters using CO2/O2 mixture gas.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 2","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigate on the Electromagnetic and Loss Characteristics of NI HTS Multi-Pancake Coil During Charging Process","authors":"Leiwen Yue;Wenhai Zhou;Rui Liang;Liang Yan;Shijie Shi;Jiafeng Cao","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3502443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3502443","url":null,"abstract":"Non-insulated (NI) high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coil has become the core component of superconducting equipment in many high-tech applications because of its excellent electrothermal stability and self-protection characteristics. Due to the absence of turn-to-turn insulation, the electromagnetic behavior of the NI HTS coil during charging is very different from that of a traditional insulated (INS) coil. Many of its problems in engineering applications have not been fully studied. Therefore, the electromagnetic and loss characteristics of the NI HTS multi-pancake coil wound with (RE)Ba2Cu3Ox (REBCO) conductors during the charging process are studied in this article. A lumped equivalent circuit model (LECM) of NI HTS multi-pancake coil is combined with a finite element model (FEM) based on H-formulation. The LECM is used to calculate the current distribution and turn-to-turn loss, and the FEM is used to calculate the magnetization loss of the superconducting layer. The results show that after increasing the difference of the resistance or inductance in the multi-pancake coil, some coils will produce reverse circumferential current and the reflux phenomenon only exists in the early stage of charging. Increasing the number of coil layers will extend the coil charging time. Increasing the charging rate will significantly increase the rising rate and peak value of the coil radial current, making the coil quench risk greater. For the charging loss, the total loss of the multi-pancake coil is several times that of the single-pancake coil. Compared to the INS multi-pancake coil, the NI multi-pancake coil has a smaller magnetization loss rise rate but a larger total charging loss under the same conditions. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the NI multi-pancake coil in the application of superconducting devices.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}