IEEE Transactions on Magnetics最新文献_第4页

Temperature-Adaptive TRNG-Encrypted MRAM PUF: Enhancing Resistance to Machine Learning Attacks 温度自适应trng加密MRAM PUF：增强对机器学习攻击的抵抗力

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3544442

Jiaao Dai;Chaoyue Zhang;Da Song;Shuo Fan;Yu Gong;You Wang;Weiqiang Liu

{"title":"Temperature-Adaptive TRNG-Encrypted MRAM PUF: Enhancing Resistance to Machine Learning Attacks","authors":"Jiaao Dai;Chaoyue Zhang;Da Song;Shuo Fan;Yu Gong;You Wang;Weiqiang Liu","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3544442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3544442","url":null,"abstract":"With the widespread application of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, the physical unclonable function (PUF) has emerged as an essential lightweight hardware security mechanism. However, various powerful machine learning attack techniques have been developed to fake PUFs, presenting a multitude of potential risks. This article proposes a novel PUF design by using the spin-transfer torque magnetic random-access memory (STT-MRAM) and an obfuscation mechanism. The primary performance metrics in terms of uniformity (50.04%), uniqueness (49.745%), and reliability (99.59%) of the proposed PUF have been verified, which validate its functionality. Previous true random number generator (TRNG) designs based on MRAM often fail in extreme temperature conditions due to the degradation of randomness. Therefore, a temperature-adaptive TRNG (TA-TRNG) that can produce true random numbers in a broad temperature range (−25 °C to 125 ° C) is introduced in this work. These random numbers are used as “noise” to obfuscate the responses of the magnetic PUF (MPUF), which makes it difficult to crack the masked challenge-response pairs (CRPs) for attackers. Five different machine learning algorithms have been used to evaluate the resilience of the proposed TA-TRNG-PUF circuit against modeling attacks. The statistical results show that the obfuscated MPUF is on average 18.38% more immune against modeling attacks compared with the one without obfuscation, with predictions approaching random guesses (close to 50%).","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 5","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

3-D Magnetic Angular Sensor Enabled by Spin-Orbit Torque 由自旋-轨道转矩实现的三维磁角传感器

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3544269

Xin Li;Wei Zhan;Zhe Guo;Xiaoyu Fan;Chenxi Zhou;Yihan Wang;Shuai Zhang;Long You

{"title":"3-D Magnetic Angular Sensor Enabled by Spin-Orbit Torque","authors":"Xin Li;Wei Zhan;Zhe Guo;Xiaoyu Fan;Chenxi Zhou;Yihan Wang;Shuai Zhang;Long You","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3544269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3544269","url":null,"abstract":"The application scenarios of magnetic angular position sensors are extensive, spanning diverse fields, such as navigation, medical devices, robotics, automotive industries, and aerospace. However, the fabrication of 3-D angular sensors presents significant challenges, as it necessitates the integration of sensors with varying orientations and precise orientation correction. In this work, we propose a novel 3-D angular position sensor based on the current-induced spin-orbit torque (SOT) effect, which features a simple and compact heavy metal (HM)/ferromagnetic (FM) heterostructure configuration. Spatial angular detection is accomplished by determining two projection angles, which represent the projection of a magnetic field onto three orthogonal planes within a spatial coordinate system. Compared to both commercially available and recently proposed angular position sensors, our design distinguishes itself by enabling 3-D magnetic field sensing with a single device, while maintaining a straightforward and scalable manufacturing process. Experimental results demonstrate that the angular error of the proposed sensor remains below 1° under magnetic fields of less than 15 Oe.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 4","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On Forward and Inverse Energy-Based Magnetic Vector Hysteresis Operators 基于正逆能量的磁矢量迟滞算子

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3544507

Herbert Egger;Felix Engertsberger;Lukas Domenig;Klaus Roppert;Manfred Kaltenbacher

引用次数: 0

Grain-Boundary Structures and Evolution in an Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnet Nd-Fe-B烧结磁体的晶界结构及其演化

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3543812

Anhua Li;Yanru Li;Haibo Feng;Wei Li

{"title":"Grain-Boundary Structures and Evolution in an Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnet","authors":"Anhua Li;Yanru Li;Haibo Feng;Wei Li","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3543812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3543812","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, the grain-boundary (GB) phase structures of Nd-Fe-B sintered samples with different heat treatments but identical composition were characterized under multiple scales, and the evolution of the GB phase structures was discussed. The optimal <inline-formula> <tex-math>$H_{mathrm {cj}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> has been obtained in the sample adopted nitrogen fast cooling after annealing at 650 °C, and the sample had the optimal GB distribution, with clear and coherent thin-layer GB phases existing between the grains. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation revealed that the phase-separation phenomena occurred, and the typical band-like structure of altering high Fe phase [amorphous (AM)] and high Nd phase (eutectics) formed in the GB region of the optimal sample. The appearance of the nonferromagnetic high-Nd GB phases is helpful to achieve the high coercivity. The eutectic “Nd2Fe14B+Nd” was observed in the GB region of experimental Nd-Fe-B strip-casting (SC) flakes. The complexity and its cause of grain-boundary phase structures were clarified. Recognizing that Nd-Fe-B alloy belongs to a deep eutectic system is crucial for a systematic and integrate understanding of GB phase structures.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 4","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simulation and Design of a Rodent-Specific Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Coil Based on the Principle of Temporal Interference 基于时间干扰原理的鼠类专用经颅磁刺激线圈的仿真与设计

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3543418

Fushuai Gou;Hongli Yu;Xiaoxi Liu;Pengyi Lu;Boai Du

{"title":"Simulation and Design of a Rodent-Specific Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Coil Based on the Principle of Temporal Interference","authors":"Fushuai Gou;Hongli Yu;Xiaoxi Liu;Pengyi Lu;Boai Du","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3543418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3543418","url":null,"abstract":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive and painless treatment for psychiatric disorders. The basic mechanisms of TMS are understood primarily from studies of rodents. However, due to the relatively small brain size of rodents, the current commercially available animal coils are poorly focusing, leading to an inability to stimulate specific brain regions. To address the above issues, a magnetic stimulation coil is designed for rodents based on the principle of temporal interference and the relationships between the stimulation effect of temporal interference magnetic stimulation (TI-TMS) and the coil parameters are also explored. The result found that the stimulus intensity, stimulus depth, and focusing of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$Pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-core coils are enhanced by 61.8%, 52.3%, and 32.5% compared with the rTMS miniaturized eight-figure coil. A novel discharge circuit for TI-TMS has been designed in this article and the feasibility is verified by saline experiment. The frequency and amplitude of the circuit can be controlled.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 5","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of Offtrack Read Capability in Hard Disk Drive With Two-Dimensional Magnetic Recording (TDMR) 二维磁记录（TDMR）硬盘的离轨读取性能研究

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3542805

Xinyi Chen;Xinmin Shuai

引用次数: 0

Magnetic Shielding in a Planar Geometry: Using Ferromagnetic Washers to Screen In-Plane Fields 平面几何中的磁屏蔽：利用铁磁垫圈屏蔽平面内磁场

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3542188

Thomas Pirottin;Emile Fourneau;Alejandro V. Silhanek;Philippe Vanderbemden;Benoit Vanderheyden

引用次数: 0

Proper Orthogonal Decomposition for Parameterized Macromodeling of a Longitudinal Electromagnetic Levitator 纵向电磁悬浮器参数化宏观建模的适当正交分解

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3542131

Matteo Zorzetto;Riccardo Torchio;Francesco Lucchini;Michele Forzan;Fabrizio Dughiero

引用次数: 0

Modulation of Asymmetric Magnetic Domain-Wall Motion via Noncolinear Interlayer Exchange Coupling 用非线性层间交换耦合调制不对称磁畴壁运动

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3541262

Xiangqing Zhou;Shiwei Chen;Chuangwen Wu;Peizhi Li;Dequan Meng;Riccardo Tomasello;Giovanni Finocchio;Shiheng Liang

{"title":"Modulation of Asymmetric Magnetic Domain-Wall Motion via Noncolinear Interlayer Exchange Coupling","authors":"Xiangqing Zhou;Shiwei Chen;Chuangwen Wu;Peizhi Li;Dequan Meng;Riccardo Tomasello;Giovanni Finocchio;Shiheng Liang","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3541262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3541262","url":null,"abstract":"The search of scalable approach to design field-free deterministic switching is currently a key challenge. Here, we investigate current and magnetic driven magnetization switching in a T-type magnetic heterojunction with a structure composed by a hybrid synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) Co/Ta/CoTb/Pt, where the bottom Co layer has in-plane magnetic anisotropy (IMA) and the top CoTb layer has perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). The interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) interaction allows a tilted easy axis of the perpendicular CoTb layer. The main result achieved is the field-free magnetization switching driven by spin-orbit torque (SOT) with a switching direction (clockwise or counterclockwise), which can be controlled by the in-plane direction of the Co magnetization. Meanwhile, we demonstrate that the IEC also induces the asymmetric bubble expansion in the CoTb layer in field-driven experiments and favors the propagation of the domain walls (DWs) with internal magnetization antiparallel to the in-plane IEC field. Our results demonstrate versatile control of the DW motion by noncollinear IEC, which paves a potential way for designing energy-efficient spintronic memory and logic devices, as well as provides a promising and high-efficiency approach for detecting the IEC type by magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) in T-type magnetic heterojunction.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hierarchical Mixed Finite-Element Method for Maxwell’s Eigenvalue Problems With the Absorbing Boundary Condition and the Surface Current Boundary Condition 具有吸收边界条件和表面电流边界条件的Maxwell特征值问题的层次混合有限元法

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3540908

Shi Jie Wang;Jie Liu

{"title":"Hierarchical Mixed Finite-Element Method for Maxwell’s Eigenvalue Problems With the Absorbing Boundary Condition and the Surface Current Boundary Condition","authors":"Shi Jie Wang;Jie Liu","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3540908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3540908","url":null,"abstract":"A mixed finite-element method (MFEM) is proposed to solve 3-D Maxwell’s eigenvalue problems with the absorbing boundary condition (ABC) and the surface current boundary condition (SCBC). In this MFEM, zero modes (including dc spurious modes and zero physical modes) can be removed using the constrained equations containing the matrices <inline-formula> <tex-math>$bar {bar {N}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$tilde {N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math>$bar {bar {N}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> denotes the nullspace matrix for complete and incomplete hierarchical vector basis functions (HVBFs); <inline-formula> <tex-math>$tilde {N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the submatrix of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$bar {bar {N}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. It can be seen from numerical experiments that the MFEM is more efficient than the tree-cotree technique, the mixed mortar-element method based on a tetrahedral mesh, and the MFEMs based on Gauss’ law for the computational domain with multiple unconnected perfect electric conductor (PEC) boundaries.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 4","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0