{"title":"Magnetoelastic Vector Hysteresis Modeling for Electromagnetic Devices: A Combination of a Multiscale Model With the Energy-Based Hysteresis Framework","authors":"K. Roppert;M. Kaltenbacher;L. Domenig;L. Daniel","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3584819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3584819","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the simplified multiscale model (SMSM) is incorporated into the energy-based (EB) quasi-static vector hysteresis model to represent the anhysteretic part of the material behavior. This approach enables the inclusion of effects such as mechanical stress, magnetostriction, material anisotropy, and crystallographic texture. By integrating the anhysteretic model into the EB framework, it becomes possible to account for dissipative effects (in our case, domain wall pinning) while utilizing detailed material information. To solve the EB model in conjunction with the SMSM, two approaches are pursued: a numerical optimization of a free energy functional and an explicit approximate variant, known as the vector play model (VPM). Both methods are compared in terms of computational performance, and the differences in results are demonstrated through the simulation of the cross section of an electric machine. Furthermore, the local as well as global behavior is investigated. It is shown that in an electrical machine configuration, the VPM provides a very satisfactory approximation to both local and global responses, together with a reduced computation time compared to the EB model. In the provided application case, it is shown that a shrink-fitting operation can lead to a 30% increase in the overall hysteresis losses.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 8","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11062564","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Magnetics Society Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3582177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3582177","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 7","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11061368","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144536471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Louis Denis;Elias Paakkunainen;Paavo Rasilo;Sebastian Schöps;Benoît Vanderheyden;Christophe Geuzaine
{"title":"Magnetic Field Conforming Formulations for Foil Windings","authors":"Louis Denis;Elias Paakkunainen;Paavo Rasilo;Sebastian Schöps;Benoît Vanderheyden;Christophe Geuzaine","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3584111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3584111","url":null,"abstract":"e extend the foil winding homogenization method to magnetic field conforming formulations. We first propose a full magnetic field foil winding formulation by analogy with magnetic flux density conforming formulations. We then introduce the magnetic scalar potential in non-conducting regions to improve the efficiency of the model. This leads to a significant reduction in the number of degrees of freedom, particularly in 3-D applications. The proposed models are verified on two frequency-domain benchmark problems: a 2-D axisymmetric problem and a 3-D problem. They reproduce results obtained with magnetic flux density conforming formulations and with resolved conductor models that explicitly discretize all turns. Moreover, the models are applied in the transient simulation of a high-temperature superconducting coil. In all investigated configurations, the proposed models provide reliable results while considerably reducing the size of the numerical problem to be solved.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 8","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Semi-Analytical Calculation of PM Eddy Current Loss in IPMSM Using Equivalent Magnetic Circuit Model","authors":"Feng-Yuan Yu;Jin-Ping Lu;Xue-Fei Qin;Yunchong Wang;Jian-Xin Shen","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3582775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3582775","url":null,"abstract":"A semi-analytical method is proposed for rapidly calculating the eddy current loss in permanent magnets (PMs) of interior PM synchronous machines (IPMSMs), incorporating the effects of current harmonics and PM segmentation. The eddy current reaction field is solved with the equivalent magnetic circuit model extracted from finite element (FE) analysis. The internal and external equivalent magnetic circuits of the PM are established, respectively, with their parameters determined with FE sweeping and interpolation. The novelty of this work lies in fully considering the eddy current reaction effects, especially the interactions between the eddy current reaction fields in different PMs. The accuracy of the proposed method is validated through FE simulations of a 9-slot 6-pole IPMSM, demonstrating higher computational efficiency than the conventional FE method and higher accuracy than the existing semi-analytical methods. Furthermore, the proposed method is applicable to various winding and rotor configurations.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 8","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinrong Wen;Peng Li;Xinyang Han;Bin Wu;Yujue Wang;Xiucheng Liu
{"title":"Investigation of the Relationship Between the Velocity of Magnetic Domain Wall and Magnetic Barkhausen Noise Using Classic + NL Algorithm","authors":"Xinrong Wen;Peng Li;Xinyang Han;Bin Wu;Yujue Wang;Xiucheng Liu","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3582763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3582763","url":null,"abstract":"Domain wall (DW) velocity is a key parameter for understanding magnetic domain dynamics in ferromagnetic materials. However, traditional algorithms for DW velocity extraction often suffer from inaccuracies, limiting the precise correlation between microscopic domain dynamics and macroscopic magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN). In this study, we quantitatively compare the accuracy of multiple optical flow algorithms in DW velocity extraction. First, we establish rigorous error metrics to evaluate optical flow performance. We then optimize the parameters of three optical flow algorithms—Horn–Schunck (H–S), Brox, and Classic + NL—and demonstrate that Classic + NL outperforms the others in both standard test images and experimental domain motion images. Furthermore, we validate the Classic + NL algorithm’s reliability through correlation analysis between the DW velocity and MBN envelope. This framework provides a robust foundation for linking microscopic DW motion with macroscopic MBN responses, advancing the precision of domain dynamics characterization.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 8","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sansheng Wang;Shiyao Wang;Fan Liu;Yiyuan Wang;Xiaoping Jin
{"title":"A Magnetic Moment Calculation Method Based on Magnetic Gradient Tensor Eigenvalues","authors":"Sansheng Wang;Shiyao Wang;Fan Liu;Yiyuan Wang;Xiaoping Jin","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3582039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3582039","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the magnetic characteristics of a target is essential for magnetic anomaly detection (MAD), and the magnetic moment is a fundamental and important physical quantity for describing these characteristics. Measurement of the magnetic moment is important for target detection, classification, and localization. In this article, we propose a method of calculating the magnetic moment using magnetic gradient tensor (MGT) eigenvalues. We first derived equations for inverting the magnetic moment from MGT eigenvalues and eigenvectors. We then conducted simulations for different conditions of the target pose, target distance, and relative position, and obtained the applicable conditions of the method. We finally conducted experiments using a full MGT sensor developed by our team. The experimental results were consistent with the simulation results. Under the applicable conditions, the calculation error of the magnetic moment magnitude was <inline-formula> <tex-math>$le 0.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Am2 and the direction error was <inline-formula> <tex-math>$le 5^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. However, the method places restrictions on the pose of the target relative to the MGT sensor, which introduces obvious limitations. Therefore, we created a rotation-averaged error correction algorithm that makes the method applicable to any target pose. The method is expected to be applied to the rough calibration of target magnetic moments and may be helpful to the identification of small magnetic targets.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 8","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing Core Loss Tracking Accuracy in Stator Cores: A Comparative Assessment of Static and Dynamic Jiles-Atherton Model Formulations","authors":"Leonardo Colombo;Avo Reinap;Pontus Fyhr;Mats Alaküla","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3581713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3581713","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a comparison between static and dynamic formulations of the Jiles-Atherton (JA) hysteresis model is presented. An assessment on the accuracy of core loss prediction and hysteretic loop reproduction of experimentally characterized stator cores is performed. The novelty in this work is found in the optimized JA parameter datasets describing all the hysteresis loops measured for each of the considered excitation frequencies ranging between 25 and 800 Hz: hysteresis loops with the same excitation frequency, having different maximum flux density values, are modeled using the same JA parameter set. The dynamic model is, then, compared to Bertotti’s model, and for laminated steel samples, it is better suited to estimate core losses at a wide range of test points.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 8","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Critical Exponent Study and Magnetocaloric Effect of Co₀.₃Zn₀.₇Fe₂O₄","authors":"Prabhu Rajagiri;Y. Srinivasa Reddy;S. Shanmukharao Samatham;M. Chandra Sekhar;Gowrinaidu Babbadi;Muralikrishna Patwari;Nataraju Gandla;T. Venkata Apparao","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3581199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3581199","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic, magnetocaloric, and universality class of Co0.3Zn0.7Fe2O4 (CZFO) is reported. It orders ferrimagnetically with dominant parallel-spin interactions inferred from the positive Weiss paramagnetic temperatures. The extracted critical exponents and critical temperatures through modified Arrott plot (Kouvel-Fisher) methods are <inline-formula> <tex-math>$T_{mathrm {c}} = 263.96$ </tex-math></inline-formula> K (263.81 K), <inline-formula> <tex-math>$beta = 0.353$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (0.392), <inline-formula> <tex-math>$gamma = 1.325$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (1.345), and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$delta = 4.754$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (4.431). The exponents suggest a 3-D Heisenberg universality class along with admixture of dominant-short- and weak-long-range interactions inferred from exchange interaction function <inline-formula> <tex-math>$J(r) sim 1/r^{4.902}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with spin-interaction range <inline-formula> <tex-math>$sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> (=1.902) nearly equal to 2. In addition, mean-field theory plots, scaled renormalized magnetization (m) and magnetic field (h), and m2 versus h/m confirm the self-consistency of the exponent and a second-order phase transition. Magnetocaloric effect (MCE) analysis reveals <inline-formula> <tex-math>$Delta S_{mathrm {mag,max}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 2 J <inline-formula> <tex-math>$cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula> <inline-formula> <tex-math>$kg^{-1}~cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula> K−1 and a relative cooling power (RCP) of about 87 J <inline-formula> <tex-math>$cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula> kg−1 in <inline-formula> <tex-math>$Delta H = 50$ </tex-math></inline-formula> kOe.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 8","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}