IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control最新文献

{"title":"Producing Bessel Beams With an RF Transformer","authors":"Jian-Yu Lu","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3601216","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3601216","url":null,"abstract":"Bessel beams are exact solutions to the isotropic/homogeneous wave equation. In theory, they can propagate to infinite distances without diffraction. In practice, when produced with a finite aperture, they have a very large depth of field, i.e., they can maintain a small beamwidth over a large distance. In addition, they have a self-healing ability after encountering an obstacle. Because of these properties, Bessel beams have applications in optics, electromagnetics, ultrasound, quantum communications, electron beam guidance, and so on. Previously, in ultrasound, Bessel beams were produced with an annular array transducer driven by multiple independent high-voltage radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers that were bulky, heavy, and consumed a lot of power, which limited the Bessel beams in applications such as wearable medical ultrasound imaging and wearable super-resolution imaging. In this article, pulse (broadband) Bessel beams were produced by a single high-voltage RF power amplifier in combination with an RF transformer, reducing the size, weight, and power consumption. Experiments were performed to produce the pulse Bessel beams in water with a custom RF transformer and a custom ten-ring, 50-mm diameter, 2.5-MHz center frequency, and broadband (about 72% -6 dB relative one-way bandwidth) 1–3 lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic/polymer composite annular array transducer driven by a commercial RF power amplifier at about ±90 V. The results show that the pulse Bessel beams produced were very close to those generated with ten independent high-voltage RF power amplifiers, computer simulations, and theory, and the pulse Bessel beams had a -6-dB beamwidth of about 2.53 mm (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$4.22lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and a depth of field of about 216 mm (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$360lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The reduced number of high-voltage RF power amplifiers makes it easier to apply Bessel beams in applications such as wearable medical ultrasound imaging and wearable super-resolution imaging, as is illustrated in examples where three-dimensional (3-D) or multi-plane images can be produced using a Bessel beam and a mechanically scanned multi-directional vibrating reflector.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"72 10","pages":"1426-1435"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fusing Echocardiography Images and Medical Records for Continuous Patient Stratification","authors":"Nathan Painchaud;Jérémie Stym-Popper;Pierre-Yves Courand;Nicolas Thome;Pierre-Marc Jodoin;Nicolas Duchateau;Olivier Bernard","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3600902","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3600902","url":null,"abstract":"Deep learning enables automatic and robust extraction of cardiac function descriptors from echocardiographic sequences, such as ejection fraction (EF) or strain. These descriptors provide fine-grained information that physicians consider, in conjunction with more global variables from the clinical record, to assess patients’ condition. Drawing on novel Transformer models applied to tabular data, we propose a method that considers all descriptors extracted from medical records and echocardiograms to learn the representation of a cardiovascular pathology with a difficult-to-characterize continuum, namely hypertension. Our method first projects each variable into its own representation space using modality-specific approaches. These standardized representations of multimodal data are then fed to a Transformer encoder, which learns to merge them into a comprehensive representation of the patient through the task of predicting a clinical rating. This stratification task is formulated as an ordinal classification to enforce a pathological continuum in the representation space. We observe the major trends along this continuum on a cohort of 239 hypertensive patients, providing unprecedented details in the description of hypertension’s impact on various cardiac function descriptors. Our analysis shows that: 1) the XTab foundation model’s architecture allows to reach high performance (96.8% AUROC) even with limited data (less than 200 training samples); 2) stratification across the population is reproducible between trainings [within 5.7% of mean absolute error (MAE)]; and 3) patterns emerge in descriptors, some of which align with established physiological knowledge about hypertension, while others could pave the way for a more comprehensive understanding of this pathology. The code is available at <uri>https://github.com/creatis-myriad/didactic</uri>","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"72 10","pages":"1388-1400"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of Image Reconstruction Methods for Ring-Array Photoacoustic Computed Tomography","authors":"Hyungjoo Park;Tri Vu;Junjie Yao;Yun Jing","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3600372","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3600372","url":null,"abstract":"This work compares the effectiveness of four image reconstruction techniques for a ring-array photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) system: the delay-and-sum (DAS), the interpolated model matrix inversion (IMMI), the frequency-domain model-based (FDMB), and the time-reversal (TR) methods. Image quality, computational efficiency, and robustness to noise and spatial/electrical impulse response (EIR) are evaluated to assess the four methods for 2-D imaging. Although it is thought to have limitations in producing high-resolution and artifact-free images, the DAS method is commonly employed in clinical applications because of its simplicity and real-time imaging capability. On the other hand, model-based (MB) methods, such as the IMMI, the FDMB, and the TR methods, use comprehensive physics for a more accurate description of wave propagation through tissue and thus have the potential to provide higher image quality and quantitative information. These approaches, however, require substantially more processing power, which can make them less suitable for real-time applications. Our results show that the DAS method achieves real-time performance while delivering better image quality for an ex vivo elongated target, whereas both the IMMI and the FDMB methods provide enhanced detail and resolution for thin-slice targets, at the cost of considerably slower reconstruction times. The TR method achieves reasonable resolution and detail for all cases but shows the slowest image reconstruction time. This work highlights the strengths and limitations of each method, offering valuable insights into selecting the most appropriate reconstruction technique for ring-array PACT systems.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"72 10","pages":"1376-1387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144882748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Fully Populated Transrectal Array for Boiling Histotripsy Ablation of the Prostate","authors":"Pavel B. Rosnitskiy;Gilles P. L. Thomas;Gerald L. Lee;Vera A. Khokhlova;Oleg A. Sapozhnikov;George R. Schade;Kyle P. Morrison;Francisco Chavez;Tatiana D. Khokhlova","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3596780","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3596780","url":null,"abstract":"The endorectal ultrasound (US)-guided thermal ablation of prostate cancer (PCa) using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a widely used focal intervention. While generally safe and effective, it is not without challenges associated with heat diffusion and prefocal heating, which has spurred interest toward nonthermal and mechanical HIFU ablation regimes. Another challenge is the necessity to mechanically translate the HIFU transducer—commonly single-element or annular array—for volumetric treatments, which results in target shifts and transducer position readjustment. The 2-D arrays would address this problem, but their design is challenging in a small form factor. The element pattern must be tightly packed and aperiodic to maximize the active surface area and to suppress grating lobes, respectively. Here, we report on the design, fabrication, and performance evaluation of a 1.5-MHz 128-element transrectal HIFU array driven by Verasonics system capable of mechanical tissue ablation via boiling histotripsy (BH) under real-time coaxial US imaging guidance. A recently developed method for designing randomized, fully populated mosaic arrays was used to create the element pattern. The measured focus steering ranges of the fabricated array were 26 mm axially and 12 mm laterally in the BH regime, with driving voltage compensation by less than 43% and no grating lobe formation. Stress tests with a five-element prototype confirmed safe operating voltage of 850-V peak-to-peak, corresponding to the acoustic intensity of 542 W/cm2 at the array surface. The array integrated with a 128-element US imaging probe driven by the same Verasonics system was successfully used to produce volumetric BH lesions in polyacrylamide (PAA) tissue-mimicking phantoms.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"72 10","pages":"1336-1351"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144798971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an Endoscopic Ultrasound Device for Delivering Microbubble-Mediated Cavitation in the Pancreas: Characterization and Preclinical In-Vivo Results","authors":"Adrien Rohfritsch;Andrew Drainville;Birane Beye;Gilles Renault;Jessica Gannon;Jeffrey Woodacre;Yao Chen;Laura Barrot;Stéphan Lagonnet;Maxime Lafond;Frédéric Prat;Cyril Lafon","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3596530","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3596530","url":null,"abstract":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Focused ultrasound (FUS) has shown potential for improving PDAC treatment outcomes by enhancing drug delivery through acoustic cavitation. In this article, we present the development of a prototype endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) device capable of producing microbubble-mediated cavitation with ultrasound imaging for treatment guidance. The performance of the therapy array, composed of 64 piezoelectric elements, was characterized up to voltages of 60 V peak, achieving negative pressures of 6.55 MPa in water for a focal distance of 20 mm. High image quality as well as the feasibility of generating cavitation activity in the pancreatic parenchyma were demonstrated in vivo in a porcine model. Future work will focus on demonstrating its potential as a potentiator of chemotherapeutic treatment for PDAC, paving the way for a new minimally invasive approach to PDAC treatment.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"72 10","pages":"1364-1375"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Generalized Acoustic Framework for Multilayer Piezoelectric Platforms","authors":"Jack Kramer;Ruochen Lu","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3595433","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3595433","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in thin-film transfer and ferroelectric poling have enabled the realization of multilayer piezoelectric films with spatially dependent polarization. Consequently, while conventional piezoelectric acoustic design leverages single orientations, researchers have recently begun exploring periodically poled piezoelectric films (P3Fs) to enhance performance. These platforms open the doors to new topologies, leveraging multiple piezoelectric orientations simultaneously for an application-optimized design. However, the complexities of these designs are nontrivial and require a detailed analysis of the material system under transformation and spatial variation. While many works have presented partial explanations within the context of their specific material system, a generalized acoustic framework that can be directly applied to any material system or design remains missing. In this work, we present a general acoustic framework for treating P3F platforms, which can then be directly applied to any system. Employing this framework, designers can rapidly test the feasibility of multilayer piezoelectric configurations in pursuit of enhanced performance.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"72 9","pages":"1302-1311"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Overtone Bulk Acoustic Resonators and Comb Filters Using Epitaxial ε-Ga₂O₃ Films on 4H-SiC","authors":"Yuping Fu;Yujia Tu;Tiecheng Luo;Zhipeng Zhang;Chenhong Huang;Junmin Zhou;Xinbo Zou;Zimin Chen;Yanli Pei;Gang Wang;Xing Lu","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3594846","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3594846","url":null,"abstract":"This work demonstrates novel high-overtone bulk acoustic resonators (HBARs) with only top electrodes using an epitaxial ε-Ga2O3 piezoelectric film grown on conductive 4H-SiC substrates. The device exhibits a broad frequency response spanning 1–8 GHz, with a free spectral range (FSR) of 18.6 MHz between adjacent modes. Key performance metrics include an f⋅Q product exceeding <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.2times 10^{{14}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Hz at 70 K and over <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.5times 10^{{13}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Hz at 300 K, along with excellent temperature stability characterized by a low temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of −15.46 ppm/°C. The acoustic parameters of ε-Ga2O3 are extracted, including a density of 5001.7 kg/m3, an elastic constant <inline-formula> <tex-math>${ C}_{{33}}^{D} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2.82times 10^{{11}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> N/m2, a longitudinal acoustic wave velocity of 7596 m/s, and an intrinsic electromechanical coupling coefficient <inline-formula> <tex-math>${k}_{t}^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 7.9%. Evaluation of the theoretical f⋅Q limit and acoustic impedance mismatch reveals substantial potential for further performance enhancement. In addition, a comb filter was demonstrated by laterally coupling two ε-Ga2O3 HBARs, achieving over 275 equidistant passbands across an over 5 GHz bandwidth. These results highlight the promise of ε-Ga2O3-based HBARs for advanced radio frequency (RF) applications. Leveraging its excellent piezoelectric and electronic properties, ε-Ga2O3 enables monolithic integration of acoustic devices with on-chip electronics, paving the way for compact, high-performance RF systems.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"72 9","pages":"1312-1322"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144764862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Single SAWR Sensor System to Monitor Both Dynamic Strain and Temperature","authors":"Shane Winters;Mauricio Pereira da Cunha","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3593192","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3593192","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic strain and temperature are critical physical quantities to be monitored in industrial environments to assure safe operational conditions and to diagnose for required maintenance. Dynamic strain and temperature feedback signals are particularly important for equipment and structural health monitoring (SHM) applications in aerospace, automotive, power generation, and advanced manufacturing. Challenges presented by dynamic strain sensing include sensor adhesion, packaging, stability, and temperature cross-sensitivity. Surface acoustic wave resonator (SAWR) sensors have demonstrated the ability to function under a variety of industrial/harsh environmental conditions for monitoring quantities, such as temperature, strain, vibration, gases, and neutron flux. SAWR sensors have the added benefits of being compact in size and capable of wireless and battery-free operation. In further exploring the versatility of SAWR devices and sensors, this article reports on the utilization of a single SAWR device that can simultaneously measure temperature and dynamic strain using a power spectral technique. Since the SAWR sensitivity to dynamic strain is also dependent on temperature, using the inherent temperature sensing capability of the SAWR itself offers an excellent method for selecting the appropriate strain sensor calibration curve. Once the temperature is known and the appropriate strain calibration curve is selected, real-time tracking of the strain magnitude can then be obtained from the relative amplitude of the SAWR dynamic strain spectral components to the main resonant peak. To demonstrate this method, SAWRs were initially calibrated for temperature and dynamic strain from room temperature (RT) to 190 °C and subjected to 500 Hz dynamic strain test signals ranging from 11 to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$26~mu varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The accuracy of the SAWR-measured temperature remains within 2 °C of a reference thermocouple for temperatures greater than 100 °C, resulting in an overall strain discrepancy of less than 4% when compared to a commercial strain gauge.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"72 9","pages":"1293-1301"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144730143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3590527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3590527","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"72 8","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11098482","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Soft Encapsulation on the Receive Performance of PMUTs for Implantable Devices","authors":"Andrada I. Velea;Raphael Panskus;Benedikt Szabo;Vera A.-L. Oppelt;Lukas Holzapfel;Cyril B. Karuthedath;Abhilash T. Sebastian;Thomas Stieglitz;Alessandro S. Savoia;Vasiliki Giagka","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3592740","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3592740","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasound (US) is a promising modality for wirelessly powering implantable devices, requiring encapsulated receivers to ensure long-term stability. Traditional hermetic packaging often limits acoustic transmission, making polymer-based encapsulation a more suitable alternative. This study investigates how implant-grade polymers, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), parylene-C, and medical-grade silicones (MED-1000 and MED2-4213), affect the receive performance of piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUTs). Simulations and measurements between 1 and 7 MHz show that all tested materials exhibit transmission coefficients above 94% at nanometer- and micrometer-scale thicknesses, confirming their acoustic transparency. The results show that although coated PMUTs are acoustically well matched with the surrounding water medium, the added mechanical load of the coating can hinder membrane motion and reduce the energy transferred to the PMUTs. Modeling and experimental data demonstrate that stiffer coatings, such as parylene-C, lead to a reduced sensitivity when similar thicknesses are used. Likewise, residual stress in materials like MED-1000 can also degrade the performance. These effects are not evident from acoustic transmission measurements alone, underscoring the need to assess both acoustic and mechanical properties when selecting encapsulation materials. In general, softer materials offer excellent acoustic performance for PMUT encapsulation, while stiffer materials must be applied in thinner layers to avoid impairing PMUT function.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"72 9","pages":"1282-1292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}