IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control最新文献

A Contrast-Enhanced Null Subtraction Imaging Method using Dynamic DC Bias in Ultrafast Ultrasound imaging.

IF 3 2区工程技术

IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3558017

Xin Yan, Xiaodong Yang, Lingling Jing, Wei Guo, Yingqi Wang, Xinwei Su, Yuanyuan Wang

{"title":"A Contrast-Enhanced Null Subtraction Imaging Method using Dynamic DC Bias in Ultrafast Ultrasound imaging.","authors":"Xin Yan, Xiaodong Yang, Lingling Jing, Wei Guo, Yingqi Wang, Xinwei Su, Yuanyuan Wang","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3558017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3558017","url":null,"abstract":"Enhancing the resolution and contrast of ultrafast ultrasound imaging is imperative for the accuracy of clinical diagnostics. Null subtraction imaging (NSI) is a nonlinear beamforming technique capable of significantly enhancing lateral resolution. However, it suffers from issues of low-quality speckle pattern and poor contrast performance. To address this issue, we propose a novel contrast-enhanced NSI method that utilizes dynamic DC bias. Innovatively, we construct the dynamic DC bias using a generalized coherence factor (GCF) and a sigmoid transformation function that adapts the DC value based on the signal characteristics of different imaging regions. Furthermore, a normalization scheme is proposed to optimize the beamforming output, ensuring uniform pixel intensity throughout the final image. Simulation, phantom, and in vivo data are utilized for ultrasound beamforming to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Quantitative results show that the proposed method significantly enhances the contrast ratio (CR) by 197%, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) by 341%, the speckle signal-to-noise ratio (sSNR) by 302%, and the generalized contrast-to-noise ratio (gCNR) by 106% compared to the original NSI (in phantom). Point target imaging results indicate that the proposed method achieves a main lobe width slightly wider than the original NSI method, but much narrower than those of DAS and GCF. These findings confirm that the proposed method significantly enhances imaging contrast while preserving high resolution, which is of great significance for the further clinical application of ultrafast ultrasound imaging.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Computational Ultrasound Carotid Artery Imaging with a Few Transceivers: An Emulation Study.

IF 3 2区工程技术

IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3557374

Yuyang Hu, Didem Dogan, Michael Brown, Geert Leus, Antonius F W van der Steen, Pieter Kruizinga, Johannes G Bosch

{"title":"Computational Ultrasound Carotid Artery Imaging with a Few Transceivers: An Emulation Study.","authors":"Yuyang Hu, Didem Dogan, Michael Brown, Geert Leus, Antonius F W van der Steen, Pieter Kruizinga, Johannes G Bosch","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3557374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3557374","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasonography could allow operator-independent examination and continuous monitoring of the carotid artery, but normally requires complex and expensive transducers, especially for 3D. By employing computational ultrasound imaging (cUSi), using an aberration mask and model-based reconstruction, a monitoring device could be constructed with a more affordable simple transducer design comprising only a few elements. We aim to apply the cUSi concept to create a carotid artery monitoring system. The system's possible configurations for the 2D imaging case were explored using a linear array setup emulating a cUSi device in silico, followed by in-vitro testing and in-vivo carotid artery imaging. Our study shows enhanced reconstruction performance with the use of an aberrating mask, improved lateral resolution through proper choice of the mask delay variation, and more accurate reconstructions using least-squares with QR decomposition (LSQR) compared to matched filtering. Together, these advancements enable B-mode reconstruction and power Doppler imaging of the carotid artery with sufficient quality for monitoring using a configuration of 12 transceivers coupled with a random aberration mask with a maximum delay variation of 4 wave periods.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chirp-coded subharmonic imaging with Volterra filtering: Histotripsy bubble cloud assessment in vitro and ex vivo.

IF 3 2区工程技术

IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3556030

Vishwas Trivedi, Katia Flores Basterrechea, Kenneth B Bader, Himanshu Shekhar

{"title":"Chirp-coded subharmonic imaging with Volterra filtering: Histotripsy bubble cloud assessment in vitro and ex vivo.","authors":"Vishwas Trivedi, Katia Flores Basterrechea, Kenneth B Bader, Himanshu Shekhar","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3556030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3556030","url":null,"abstract":"Histotripsy is a non-invasive focused ultrasound therapy that liquifies tissue via bubble activity. Conventional ultrasound imaging is used in current clinical practice to monitor histotripsy. Developing surrogate imaging metrics for successful treatment outcomes remains an unmet clinical need. The goal of this work was twofold. First, we investigated whether histotripsy bubble clouds detected with nonlinear imaging (chirp-coded subharmonic imaging with and without Volterra filtering) can be used to assess the ablation zone in vitro. Second, we evaluated the feasibility of improving bubble cloud contrast with this approach in ex vivo porcine kidney. Histotripsy bubble clouds were generated in red blood cell-doped agarose phantoms and imaged with a curvilinear ultrasound probe. The ablation zone was assessed based on images collected with a digital camera. The relationship between bubble cloud area and the ablation area was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis, F1-score, and Intersection over Union score. Histotripsy bubble clouds were also generated in ex vivo porcine tissue and the ability to improve bubble cloud contrast to tissue was evaluated. Implementing chirp-coded subharmonic imaging with the third order Volterra filter enhanced contrast to tissue ratio by up to 40.06 ± 0.70 dB relative to standard imaging in vitro. Further, subharmonic imaging combined with Volterra filtering estimated bubble cloud areas that best matched the ablation zone area based on the analysis metrics. Further, ex vivo studies showed contrast to tissue ratio improvement of up to 26.95 ± 6.49 dB. Taken together, these findings advance image-guidance and monitoring approaches for histotripsy.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Directional Coherence Factor for Volumetric Ultrasound Imaging with Matrix Arrays.

IF 3 2区工程技术

IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3557519

Xiaochuan Wu, Wei-Ning Lee

{"title":"Directional Coherence Factor for Volumetric Ultrasound Imaging with Matrix Arrays.","authors":"Xiaochuan Wu, Wei-Ning Lee","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3557519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3557519","url":null,"abstract":"Matrix arrays with small apertures limit spatial and contrast resolutions of volumetric ultrasound imaging. Coherence-based beamformers are prevalent for side lobe suppression and resolution improvement. While the spatial coherence of a matrix array is fundamentally a 2D function, conventional coherence factor (CF) methods neglect the directional variation of an M × N matrix array when calculating volumetric coherence. We hereby propose a projectionbased directional coherence factor (DCF) to exploit the 2D nature of volumetric coherence function. Instead of computing the coherent and incoherent summations across the entire 2D aperture, DCF projects aperture data onto azimuthal, elevational, diagonal, and antidiagonal directions and subsequently calculates the coherence factors for each direction separately. The orthogonal coherence pairs, i.e., azimuth and elevation, diagonal and anti-diagonal, are multiplied to obtain DCFRC and DCFDiag, respectively. The Jaccard similarity of the DCFRC and DCFDiag is used to derive the final DCF to weigh the reconstructed images. We evaluated the performance of DCF beamforming in point-target simulations, multi-purpose phantom experiments, and in vivo muscle imaging, and compared it to delay-and-sum (DAS) and CF beamformers. Our DCF achieved side lobe reduction throughout the entire volume compared to conventional CF. Moreover, diagonal weighting significantly improved, on average, the azimuthal resolution by 41.3% vs. DAS and 7.35% vs. CF as well as the elevational resolution by 40.4% vs. DAS and 38.7% vs. CF. Our proposed DCF offers a practical solution for resolution and contrast enhancement of volumetric imaging in 2D matrix array configurations.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study of Frequency Trimming Ability and Performance Enhancement of Thin-Film Piezoelectric-on-Silicon MEMS Resonators by Joule Heating via Localized Annealing.

IF 3 2区工程技术

IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3556305

Ugur Guneroglu, Adnan Zaman, Abdulrahman Alsolami, Ivan F Rivera, Jing Wang

{"title":"Study of Frequency Trimming Ability and Performance Enhancement of Thin-Film Piezoelectric-on-Silicon MEMS Resonators by Joule Heating via Localized Annealing.","authors":"Ugur Guneroglu, Adnan Zaman, Abdulrahman Alsolami, Ivan F Rivera, Jing Wang","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3556305","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3556305","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deliberately explores the frequency trimming and performance enhancement of piezoelectric MEMS resonators through localized annealing induced by Joule heating. Targeting the effective post-fabrication treatment of thin-film piezoelectric-on-silicon (TPoS) resonators, we employ a novel annealing approach that modifies the silicon resonator body-bottom electrode interface to enable meticulous resonance frequency trimming and enhanced overall performance. By applying a controlled DC current directly through the resonator's body, precise resonance frequency shifts on the order of 0.1%-0.4% and significant increase in quality factor, from 981 to 2,155, from 8,214 to 9,362, have been realized for rectangular-plate and disk-shaped resonators, respectively. Furthermore, this localized annealing process reduces the motional impedance from 3.43 kΩ to 1.65 kΩ for a rectangular-plate resonator and from 1.79 kΩ to 1.58 kΩ for a disk-shaped resonator, thus demonstrating its viability as a post-fabrication treatment technique for a wide variety of MEMS devices. These results highlight the great potential of Joule heating induced localized annealing in advancing RF systems that demand high precision, reliable filtering and stable timing functions. This work provides new insights into the thermal annealing effects on MEMS resonators and lays a foundation for future innovations in related microsystem technologies.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthetic Lung Ultrasound Data Generation Using Autoencoder with Generative Adversarial Network.

IF 3 2区工程技术

IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3555447

Noreen Fatima, Federico Mento, Sajjad Afrakhteh, Tiziano Perrone, Andrea Smargiassi, Riccardo Inchingolo, Libertario Demi

{"title":"Synthetic Lung Ultrasound Data Generation Using Autoencoder with Generative Adversarial Network.","authors":"Noreen Fatima, Federico Mento, Sajjad Afrakhteh, Tiziano Perrone, Andrea Smargiassi, Riccardo Inchingolo, Libertario Demi","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3555447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3555447","url":null,"abstract":"Class imbalance is a significant challenge in medical image analysis, particularly in lung ultrasound (LUS), where severe patterns are often underrepresented. Traditional oversampling techniques, which simply duplicate original data, have limited effectiveness in addressing this issue. To overcome these limitations, this study introduces a novel supervised autoencoder generative adversarial network (SA-GAN) for data augmentation, leveraging advanced generative AI to create high-quality synthetic samples for minority classes. Additionally, the traditional data augmentation technique is employed for comparison. The SA-GAN incorporates an autoencoder to develop a conditional latent space, effectively addressing weight clipping issues and ensuring higher-quality synthetic data. The generated samples are evaluated using similarity metrics and expert analysis to validate their utility. Furthermore, state-of-the-art neural networks are employed for multi-class classification, and their performance is compared when trained with GAN-based augmentation versus traditional data augmentation techniques. These contributions enhance the robustness and reliability of AI models in mitigating class imbalance in LUS analysis.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unsupervised Test-Time Adaptation for Hepatic Steatosis Grading Using Ultrasound B-Mode Images.

IF 3 2区工程技术

IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3555180

Pedro Vianna, Paria Mehrbod, Muawiz Chaudhary, Michael Eickenberg, Guy Wolf, Eugene Belilovsky, An Tang, Guy Cloutier

{"title":"Unsupervised Test-Time Adaptation for Hepatic Steatosis Grading Using Ultrasound B-Mode Images.","authors":"Pedro Vianna, Paria Mehrbod, Muawiz Chaudhary, Michael Eickenberg, Guy Wolf, Eugene Belilovsky, An Tang, Guy Cloutier","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3555180","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3555180","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasound is considered a key modality for the clinical assessment of hepatic steatosis (i.e., fatty liver) due to its non-invasiveness and availability. Deep learning methods have attracted considerable interest in this field, as they are capable of learning patterns in a collection of images and achieve clinically comparable levels of accuracy in steatosis grading. However, variations in patient populations, acquisition protocols, equipment, and operator expertise across clinical sites can introduce domain shifts that reduce model performance when applied outside the original training setting. In response, unsupervised domain adaptation techniques are being investigated to address these shifts, allowing models to generalize more effectively across diverse clinical environments. In this work, we propose a test-time batch normalization technique designed to handle domain shift, especially for changes in label distribution, by adapting selected features of batch normalization layers in a trained convolutional neural network model. This approach operates in an unsupervised manner, allowing robust adaptation to new distributions without access to label data. The method was evaluated on two abdominal ultrasound datasets collected at different institutions, assessing its capability in mitigating domain shift for hepatic steatosis classification. The proposed method reduced the mean absolute error in steatosis grading by 37% and improved the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for steatosis detection from 0.78 to 0.97, compared to non-adapted models. These findings demonstrate the potential of the proposed method to address domain shift in ultrasound-based hepatic steatosis diagnosis, minimizing risks associated with deploying trained models in various clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

BentRay-NeRF: Bent ray neural radiance fields for robust speed-of-sound imaging in ultrasound computed tomography.

IF 3 2区工程技术

IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3554223

Shilong Cui, Qing Wu, Yiming Huang, Haizhao Dai, Yuyao Zhang, Jingyi Yu, Xiran Cai

{"title":"BentRay-NeRF: Bent ray neural radiance fields for robust speed-of-sound imaging in ultrasound computed tomography.","authors":"Shilong Cui, Qing Wu, Yiming Huang, Haizhao Dai, Yuyao Zhang, Jingyi Yu, Xiran Cai","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3554223","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3554223","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasound computed tomography (USCT) is a promising technique for breast cancer detection, because of its quantitative imaging capability of the speed-of-sound (SOS) of soft tissues and the fact that malignant breast lesions often have a higher SOS compared to healthy tissues in the human breast. Compared to waveform inversion-based USCT, bent-ray tracing USCT is relatively less computationally expensive, which particularly suits breast cancer screening in a large population. However, SOS image reconstruction using bent-ray tracing in USCT is a highly ill-conditioned problem, making it susceptible to measurement errors. This presents significant challenges in achieving stable and high-quality reconstructions. In this study, we show that using implicit neural representation (INR), the ill-conditioned problem can be well mitigated, and stable reconstruction is achievable. This INR approach uses a multi-layer perceptron with hash encoding to model the slowness map as a continuous function, to better regularize the inverse problem and has been shown more effective than classical approaches of solely adding regularization terms in the loss function. Thereby, we propose the Bent Ray Neural Radiance Fields (BentRay-NeRF) method for SOS image reconstruction to address the aforementioned challenges in classical SOS image reconstruction methods, such as the Gauss-Newton method. In silico and in vitro experiments showed that BentRay-NeRF has remarkably improved performance compared to the classical method in many aspects, including the image quality and the robustness of the inversion to different acquisition settings in the presence of measurement errors.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extended Field of View Imaging Through Correlation with an Experimental Database.

IF 3 2区工程技术

IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3553784

Tamara Krpic, Maxime Bilodeau, Meaghan A O'Reilly, Patrice Masson, Nicolas Quaegebeur

{"title":"Extended Field of View Imaging Through Correlation with an Experimental Database.","authors":"Tamara Krpic, Maxime Bilodeau, Meaghan A O'Reilly, Patrice Masson, Nicolas Quaegebeur","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3553784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3553784","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a correlation-based (CB) ultrasound imaging technique is implemented to extend the field of view (FOV) in the inspected medium and to enhance image homogeneity. This implementation involves the acquisition, the compression, and the adaptation of a database of experimental reference signals (CB-Exp), consisting of backpropagated reflections on point-like scatterers at different positions, as an improvement over preceding implementations involving a database of numerical reference signals (CB-Num). Starting from a large database acquired in water to a database with a 99% size reduction that can be applied to tissue-like media, CB-Exp has been validated in vitro on a CIRS 040GSE phantom. When compared to the Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT) and CB-Num, CB-Exp results show reduced sensitivity to the probe's directivity, allowing a FOV extension from 25° with SAFT to 75° with CB-Exp. In vivo testing on a piglet's heart with CB-Exp imaging showed a 3.5 dB contrast improvement on the pericardium wall. Overall benefits of this method include a reduction of the background gCNR standard deviation (std) of 0.2 as well as a reduction in the std of 10 dB in the point-like targets levels, which translates to more homogeneous sensitivity in the axial and lateral directions of the image.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Solidly Mounted Scandium Aluminum Nitride on Acoustic Bragg Reflector Platforms at 14-20 GHz.

IF 3 2区工程技术

IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3554597

Ian Anderson, Omar Barrera, Nishanth Ravi, Lezli Matto, Kapil Saha, Supratik Dasgupta, Joshua Campbell, Jack Kramer, Eugene Kwon, Tzu-Hsuan Hsu, Sinwoo Cho, Pietro Simeoni, Jue Hou, Matteo Rinaldi, Mark S Goorsky, Ruochen Lu

{"title":"Solidly Mounted Scandium Aluminum Nitride on Acoustic Bragg Reflector Platforms at 14-20 GHz.","authors":"Ian Anderson, Omar Barrera, Nishanth Ravi, Lezli Matto, Kapil Saha, Supratik Dasgupta, Joshua Campbell, Jack Kramer, Eugene Kwon, Tzu-Hsuan Hsu, Sinwoo Cho, Pietro Simeoni, Jue Hou, Matteo Rinaldi, Mark S Goorsky, Ruochen Lu","doi":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3554597","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3554597","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the first groups of low-loss acoustic solidly mounted resonators (SMR) and acoustic delay lines (ADL) at 14-20 GHz. Bulk acoustic waves (BAW) are confined in thin-film scandium aluminum nitride (ScAlN) on top of dielectric acoustic Bragg reflectors, consisting of alternating silicon dioxide with tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5/SiO2) or niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5/SiO2) on Si carrier wafers. Stack material parameters are extracted via high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and X-ray reflectivity (XRR). The simulation and experiment show confinement for longitudinal BAW from 14-20 GHz. ADLs show high propagation Q above 478 and 171 for Ta2O5/SiO2 and Nb2O5/SiO2, respectively. SMRs in both stacks perform similarly, showing coupling coefficient (k2) of 2.0%, series Q (Qs) of 156, and parallel Q (Qp) values of 140 for Ta2O5/SiO2, while k2 of 2.4%, Qs of 140, and Qp of 109 for Nb2O5/SiO2, both at 18.6 GHz. Upon development, ScAlN solidly mounted platforms will enable signal processing elements with better power handling.","PeriodicalId":13322,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0