{"title":"A Force/Torque Taxonomy for Classifying States During Physical Co-Manipulation","authors":"Dallin L. Cordon;John L. Salmon;Marc D. Killpack","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3580509","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3580509","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving seamless human-robot collaboration requires a deeper understanding of how agents manage and communicate forces during shared tasks. Force interactions during collaborative manipulation are inherently complex, especially when considering how they evolve over time. To address this complexity, we propose a taxonomy of decomposed force and torque components, providing a structured framework for examining haptic communication and informing the development of robots capable of performing meaningful collaborative manipulation tasks with human partners. We propose a standardized terminology for force decomposition and classification, bridging the varied language in previous literature in the field, and conduct a review of physical human-human interaction and haptic communication. The proposed taxonomy allows for a more effective and nuanced discussion of important force combinations that we expect to occur during collaborative manipulation (between human-human or human-robot teams). We also include example scenarios to illustrate the value of the proposed taxonomy in describing interactions between agents.","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"18 3","pages":"482-497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144316812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring Acceptable Weight Criteria for Finger-Worn Haptic Device Design","authors":"Yusuke Ujitoko;Tao Morisaki","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3580216","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3580216","url":null,"abstract":"The development of finger-worn haptic devices requires careful consideration of weight-related design trade-offs. Increased functionality commonly results in additional device weight, potentially burdening the wearer and impairing finger dexterity. Despite the importance of weight in design considerations, the field lacks criteria for acceptable device weight. This study addresses this gap by exploring weight criteria for continuous wear. We posit that for such devices to be adopted, their weight must not hinder daily activities when the device is not providing haptic feedback. In experiments, we investigated how device weight affected performance during common office tasks, specifically pointing and typing. Participants wore a mockup of a finger-worn haptic device and completed tasks as quickly and accurately as possible. We manipulated the weight (0, 20, 40, and 60 g) and placement of the device (proximal and distal). Across tasks, we found that adding up to 60 g to the index finger did not degrade task performance, while subjective user load increased under some conditions. These findings suggest that in scenarios where office task performance is critical, devices weighing up to 60 g are acceptable regardless of their placement on the finger.","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"18 3","pages":"615-625"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11037560","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elodie Bouzbib, Stefan Donkov, Sonia Elizondo, Josu Irisarri, Mikel Aldea, Inigo Ezcurdia, Naroa Iriarte, Asier Marzo
{"title":"ElectroCaresses: Contactless Apparent Motion on the Forearm using Electrostatic Piloerection.","authors":"Elodie Bouzbib, Stefan Donkov, Sonia Elizondo, Josu Irisarri, Mikel Aldea, Inigo Ezcurdia, Naroa Iriarte, Asier Marzo","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3579134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TOH.2025.3579134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Devices capable of stroking the user's forearm are being explored for digitally mediated touch but are mainly contact-based. We propose ElectroCaresses, the use of electrostatic piloerection to convey contactless gentle strokes by generating dynamic patterns of hair erection along the forearm. We investigated if a discrete set of electrodes can convey apparent motion (n=12), and evaluated effects of distance, duration and direction on continuity perception. We show that participants can discriminate stimuli direction with a high accuracy (93%) and perceive a continuous stroking stimulus using discrete signals. We finally propose guidelines for designing haptic illusions of motion using electrostatics-based haptics.</p>","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Touched by Vibrations: Intensity Modulates Valence and Arousal on the Torso","authors":"Nedim Goktepe;Müge Cavdan;Knut Drewing","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3576894","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3576894","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have successfully elicited a wide range of emotional responses by stimulating the hand region. The purpose of the current study was to test whether tactile stimuli applied to the torso could elicit similar emotional responses. To this end, we created 45 custom vibrotactile patterns that were presented through a vibrotactile vest to the front, back, and both sides of the torso. The patterns covered a wide range of physical variables such as amplitude, trajectory, and continuity. In an exploratory experiment, participants rated the arousal and valence of these patterns. Emotional responses differed between the patterns, and detailed analyses suggested that vibration amplitude and intensity where these vibrations were applied influenced both valence and arousal judgments. In a follow-up experiment, we systematically varied the amplitude and location of the vibrations. Our results showed that lower amplitudes were less arousing and more pleasant than higher amplitudes. Similarly, vibrations to the back torso were less arousing and more pleasant than those applied to the front or both sides of the torso, which can be explained by the lower sensitivity on the back. Taken together, we suggest that perceived intensity partially explains the relationship between the emotionality of vibration patterns on the torso.","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"18 3","pages":"595-602"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrophysiological Correlates for the Detection of Haptic Illusions","authors":"Yannick Weiss;Albrecht Schmidt;Steeven Villa","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3578076","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3578076","url":null,"abstract":"Haptic Illusions (HIs) have emerged as a versatile method to enrich haptic experiences for computing systems, especially in virtual reality scenarios. Unlike traditional haptic rendering, HIs do not rely on complex hardware. Instead, HIs leverage multisensory interactions, which can be elicited through audio-visual channels. However, the intensity at which HIs can be effectively applied is highly subject-dependent, and typical measures only estimate generalized boundaries based on small samples. Consequently, resulting techniques compromise the experience for some users and fail to fully exploit an HI for others. We propose adapting HI intensity to the physiological responses of individual users to optimize their haptic experiences. Specifically, we investigate electroencephalographic (EEG) correlates associated with the detection of an HI’s manipulations. For this, we integrated EEG with an established psychophysical protocol. Our user study (N = 32) revealed distinct and separable EEG markers between detected and undetected HI manipulations. We identified contrasts in oscillatory activity between the central and parietal, as well as in frontal regions, as reliable markers for detection. Further, we trained machine learning models with simple averaged signals, which demonstrated potential for future in situ HI detection. These discoveries pave the way for adaptive HI systems that tailor elicitation to individual and contextual factors, enabling HIs to produce more convincing and reliable haptic feedback.","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"18 3","pages":"582-594"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supplemental Human-Machine Interface for Haptic Shared Control to Convey Sensor Reliability Information to an Operator of Underwater Vehicles","authors":"Eito Sato;Yasuaki Orita;Norimitsu Sakagami;Takahiro Wada","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3563451","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3563451","url":null,"abstract":"In haptic shared control (HSC) for teleoperation, the human operator and autonomous system share control via torque on the input device. When a discrepancy exists between the human’s maneuvering intent and the autonomous maneuver presentation, the human can apply additional force to the device to achieve the desired maneuvering. The required force level is generally predetermined during design and closely relates to the human workload. This study investigated scenarios where discrepancies between human and machine control occur frequently owing to unreliable sensor information. We propose a method to allow the operator to adjust the machine’s assist level, facilitating smoother control transitions and proving useful when machine suggestions are unreliable. Conventional HSC systems generally lack sufficient information for operators to make informed decisions regarding adjusting assist levels, leading to delayed decisions and increased workloads. To address this, our research objective is to communicate sensor reliability to humans, thereby facilitating deciding the machine’s assist level. We focused on the HSC of a remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV) where the sensor system is prone to unreliable. Maneuvering experiments with an ROV simulation involving sixteen participants demonstrated the proposed method effectively communicates sensor reliability to operators and reduces mental demand compared to conventional methods.","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"18 3","pages":"722-731"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Centroparietal Alpha/Beta Asymmetry in Response to Urgency Elicited by Upper Body Vibration","authors":"Wanjoo Park;Haneen Alsuradi;Mohamad Eid","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3561889","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3561889","url":null,"abstract":"Haptic feedback seems effective in conveying information at a desirable level of urgency. There is a growing interest in understanding the neural mechanisms associated with haptic feedback using electroencephalography (EEG) measures. In particular, EEG hemispheric asymmetry is known to be correlated with various cognitive functions such as emotions, stress, anxiety, and attention. The current study aimed to investigate EEG hemispheric asymmetry associated with perceived urgency elicited using vibration feedback on the upper body. A total of 31 participants experienced three vibration patterns designed to elicit three levels of urgency, namely the no vibration pattern (NVP), urgent vibration pattern (UVP), and very urgent vibration pattern (VUVP). In the event-related potential (ERP) analysis, N100, P200, and P300 components were observed under the UVP and VUVP conditions. Notably, these components were absent under the NVP condition. The P200 and P300 ERP components as well as the participants' self-reporting confirmed the two distinguishable levels of perceived urgency (urgent and very urgent). Furthermore, the alpha and beta hemispheric asymmetry in the centroparietal area was significantly higher in the UVP and VUVP conditions as compared to the NVP condition between 500 ms and 2000 ms after the stimulation onset (One-way ANOVA test, Bonferroni correction, <italic>p</i> <inline-formula><tex-math>$< $</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.05). This is the first study to investigate the EEG asymmetry in response to perceived urgency elicited by upper body vibrations. These results suggest that the alpha and beta hemispheric asymmetry in the centroparietal area is a valid feature for detecting urgency elicited by vibrations on the upper body.","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"18 3","pages":"770-775"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sheeraz Athar;Xinwei Zhang;Jun Ueda;Ye Zhao;Yu She
{"title":"VibTac: A High-Resolution High-Bandwidth Tactile Sensing Finger for Multi-Modal Perception in Robotic Manipulation","authors":"Sheeraz Athar;Xinwei Zhang;Jun Ueda;Ye Zhao;Yu She","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3561049","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3561049","url":null,"abstract":"Tactile sensing is pivotal for enhancing robot manipulation abilities by providing crucial feedback for localized information. However, existing sensors often lack the necessary resolution and bandwidth required for intricate tasks. To address this gap, we introduce <italic>VibTac</i>, a novel multi-modal tactile sensing finger designed to offer high-resolution and high-bandwidth tactile sensing simultaneously. <italic>VibTac</i> seamlessly integrates vision-based and vibration-based tactile sensing modes to achieve high-resolution and high-bandwidth tactile sensing respectively, leveraging a streamlined human-inspired design for versatility in tasks. This paper outlines the key design elements of <italic>VibTac</i> and its fabrication methods, highlighting the significance of the Elastomer Gel Pad (EGP) in its sensing mechanism. The sensor's multi-modal performance is validated through 3D reconstruction and spectral analysis to discern tactile stimuli effectively. In experimental trials, <italic>VibTac</i> demonstrates its efficacy by achieving over 90% accuracy in insertion tasks involving objects emitting distinct sounds, such as ethernet connectors. Leveraging vision-based tactile sensing for object localization and employing a deep learning model for “click” sound classification, <italic>VibTac</i> showcases its robustness in real-world scenarios.","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"18 3","pages":"507-518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Age-Related Impact in Illusory Torque Cues Induced by Asymmetric Vibrations","authors":"Takeshi Tanabe;Satoshi Yamamoto;Toru Yamada;Daisuke Ishii;Yutaka Kohno","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3557901","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3557901","url":null,"abstract":"Illusory pulling sensations in the translational or rotational direction are induced by asymmetric vibrations applied to the fingertips. Although previous studies have discussed the involvement of mechanoreceptors associated with skin deformation and spatial processing in the parietal association cortex in the generation of illusory cues, the precise mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to indirectly estimate the contribution of mechanoreceptors to the perception of illusory pulling torque cues by examining the relationship between vibration thresholds and the properties of these illusions, leveraging the known decline in cutaneous sensation sensitivity associated with aging (N = 40). Our results revealed an age-related increase in vibration thresholds, which is consistent with previous research. While male participants showed consistent sensitivity to illusory pulling cues across age groups, female participants exhibited a decline in sensitivity with age. Moreover, we observed only weak or no correlations between the vibration thresholds and the sensitivity of the illusory pulling cue. Although we were unable to identify any findings that explain the contribution of mechanoreceptors, we discovered a gender difference in the sensitivity to induced illusions among older individuals. These findings offer valuable insights for elucidating the mechanism underlying the illusion.","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"18 3","pages":"498-506"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10955171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sooyeon Ahn;Gyungmin Jin;Gunhyuk Park;Jin-Hyuk Hong
{"title":"Enhancing Video Experiences for DHH Individuals Through Sound-Inspired Motion Caption-Based Spatiotemporal Tacton","authors":"Sooyeon Ahn;Gyungmin Jin;Gunhyuk Park;Jin-Hyuk Hong","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3556667","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3556667","url":null,"abstract":"When deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) individuals watch videos, captions are essential for them to understand the linguistic content. Current captions, however, are not suitable for conveying non-verbal sound information, such as background music, sound effects, or speech nuances. In this paper, we designed a multimodal system, Motion Caption Haptic System (MCHS), that enables DHH individuals to encounter sounds in videos through animated caption and spatiotemporal vibration patterns, supporting a more vivid and immersive experience. We elaborately designed motion captions and spatiotemporal haptic patterns for representative sound effects and spoken emotions to work well together through surveys from 27 DHH and 64 hearing participants. An evaluation with 19 DHH individuals demonstrated the capabilities and potential of the MCHS to improve their video viewing experience, along with a discussion of important issues that need to be addressed when designing multimodal captioning systems for the DHH viewers.","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"18 3","pages":"519-530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}