Zegen Zhu;Gianni Bosi;Antonio Raffo;Giovanni Crupi;Jialin Cai
{"title":"Accurate Modeling of GaN HEMTs Oriented to Analysis of Kink Effects in S22 and h21: An Effective Machine Learning Approach","authors":"Zegen Zhu;Gianni Bosi;Antonio Raffo;Giovanni Crupi;Jialin Cai","doi":"10.1109/JEDS.2024.3364809","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JEDS.2024.3364809","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, for the first time, a machine learning behavioral modeling methodology based on gate recurrent unit (GRU) is developed and used to model and then analyze the kink effects (KEs) in the output reflection coefficient \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$(S_{22})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and the short-circuit current gain \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$(h_{21})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 of an advanced microwave transistor. The device under test (DUT) is a 0.25-\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) on silicon carbide (SiC) substrate, which has a large gate periphery of 1.5 mm. The scattering (S-) parameters of the DUT are measured at a frequency up to 65 GHz and at an ambient temperature up to 200°C. The proposed model can accurately reproduce the KEs in \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$S_{22}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and in \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$h_{21}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, enabling an effective analysis of their dependence on the operating conditions, bias point and ambient temperature. It is worth noticing that the proposed transistor model shows also good performance in both interpolation and extrapolation test.","PeriodicalId":13210,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10433010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139952958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stability of GaN HEMT Device Under Static and Dynamic Gate Stress","authors":"Linfei Gao;Ze Zhong;Qiyan Zhang;Xiaohua Li;Xinbo Xiong;Shaojun Chen;Longkou Chen;Huaibao Yan;Anle Zhang;Jiajun Han;Wenrong Zhuang;Feng Qiu;Hsien-Chin Chiu;Shuangwu Huang;Xinke Liu","doi":"10.1109/JEDS.2024.3362048","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JEDS.2024.3362048","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we investigated the stability of a \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-GaN gate with high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) including an internal integrated gate circuit. A circuit was designed to improve \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-GaN gate stability by using capacitance to release the hole into the \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-GaN layer to mitigate the threshold voltage shift. Through pulse I-V measurement and positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) test, the carrier transporting behavior in the gate region achieved dynamic equilibrium at 5 V gate bias. The positive gate shift \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$(Delta V_{mathrm{ TH}})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 of 0.4 V is observed with increasing voltage from 3 V to 8 V; \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Delta V_{mathrm{ TH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 initially drops smoothly after release stresses by external capacitance discharge. Finally, integrated passive components and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-GaN gate HEMT circuit are recommended to mitigate the \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$V_{mathrm{ TH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 instability for E-mode HEMT.","PeriodicalId":13210,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10422723","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139952890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of Electrical Property and Thermal Stability in Enhancement-Mode InxAl1–xN/AlN/GaN MOS-HEMTs Fabricated by Using NiOx Gate and Fluorine Treatment","authors":"Jian Qin;Jingxiong Chen;Wenxuan Xiao;Hong Wang","doi":"10.1109/JEDS.2024.3360244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JEDS.2024.3360244","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we report a novel approach for achieving high-performance enhancement mode (E-mode) InAlN/GaN MOS HEMTs based on the fluorine treatment and a p-type NiOx gate (F-NiO HEMT). The NiO film was deposited at different substrate temperatures using reactive sputtering in a varied mixture of O2 and Ar. We show that the threshold voltage \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$({V}_{TH}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) is effectively modulated by comprehensively optimizing fluorine ion implantation and NiO sputtering conditions without requiring gate recess etching. The influence of different NiO deposition conditions on electrical properties and the critical interface of NiOx/InAlN have been investigated in detail. The proposed E-mode F-NiO HEMT exhibits superior on-state characteristics, including more positive \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}_{TH}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, enhanced gate voltage swing, larger transconductance \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${g}_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and also superior gate control over the channel. The dual C-V and pulsed mode measurements confirm the excellent NiOx/AlInN interface and effective suppression of current collapse. We propose a model to explain the contrasting temperature-dependent coefficients of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}_{TH}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 shifts observed in pure fluorine ion-implanted and NiO-based devices. The underlying mechanisms at elevated temperatures are also analyzed.","PeriodicalId":13210,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10421783","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139739008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Improved Method for InP HEMT Noise-Parameter Determination Based on 50-Ω Noise Measurements","authors":"Yuanting Lyu;Zhichun Li;Ao Zhang;Jianjun Gao","doi":"10.1109/JEDS.2024.3360461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JEDS.2024.3360461","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose an improved method for extracting the four noise parameters of InP HEMT devices based on a 50-\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 noise measurement system. The noise equivalent circuit and noise correlation matrix technique is combined with 50-\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 noise measurement to determine the noise parameters. This method eliminates expensive tuners and obtains accurate initial parameter values. The reduction in the fitting factors that need to be optimized simplifies the optimization process of traditional methods. High consistency between measured and modeled noise parameters up to 50 GHz for InP HEMT with 70 nm gatelength and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2times 50,,mu text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 gatewidth are given by this method. These are providing a simple and fast way for the measurement process of noise parameters.","PeriodicalId":13210,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10418161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139744763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephen A. Mancini;Seung Yup Jang;Zeyu Chen;Dongyoung Kim;Alex Bialy;Balaji Raghotamacher;Michael Dudley;Nadeemullah Mahadik;Robert Stahlbush;Mowafak Al-Jassim;Woongje Sung
{"title":"Investigation of Static Performances of 1.2kV 4H-SiC MOSFETs Fabricated Using All ‘Room Temperature’ Ion Implantations","authors":"Stephen A. Mancini;Seung Yup Jang;Zeyu Chen;Dongyoung Kim;Alex Bialy;Balaji Raghotamacher;Michael Dudley;Nadeemullah Mahadik;Robert Stahlbush;Mowafak Al-Jassim;Woongje Sung","doi":"10.1109/JEDS.2024.3359974","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JEDS.2024.3359974","url":null,"abstract":"Several different designs of 1.2kV-rated 4H-SiC MOSFETs have been successfully fabricated under various ion implantation conditions. Implantation conditions consisted of different P+ profiles and implantation temperatures of both room temperature (25°C) and elevated temperatures (600°C) in order to monitor subsequent lattice damage. Through the use of X-Ray topography, SEM imaging, and electrical measurements, it was shown that room temperature implanted devices can mimic the static performances of high temperature implanted MOSFETs and reduce lattice damage suffered during the fabrication process, when the dose of high energy implants are suppressed.","PeriodicalId":13210,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10416803","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139952881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of Photosensitive Polyimide With Low Coefficient of Thermal Expansion and Excellent Adhesion Strength for Advanced Packaging Applications","authors":"Yuan-Chiu Huang;Han-Wen Hu;Yun-Hsi Liu;Hui-Ching Hsieh;Kuan-Neng Chen","doi":"10.1109/JEDS.2024.3358830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JEDS.2024.3358830","url":null,"abstract":"In advanced packaging schemes, such as fan-out integration technology, photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) is the key material to the fabrication of panel level redistribution-layer (RDL). However, a large mismatch of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between silicon (Si) and PSPI will cause serious warpage issue. Furthermore, polyimide deformation may occur under external heat and pressure, leading to deterioration of RDL reliability. In this work, PSPI with low CTE and excellent adhesion strength on different substrate was developed and evaluated by lithography test, adhesion test, and reliability test, showing the high feasibility for the application in advanced packaging process.","PeriodicalId":13210,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10415013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139727573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel Parent;Frédéric Vachon;Valérie Gauthier;Steve Lamoureux;Alexandre Paquette;Jacob Deschamps;Tommy Rossignol;Nicolas Roy;Philippe Arsenault;Henri Dautet;Serge A. Charlebois;Jean-François Pratte
{"title":"Wafer-Level Characterization and Monitoring Platform for Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes","authors":"Samuel Parent;Frédéric Vachon;Valérie Gauthier;Steve Lamoureux;Alexandre Paquette;Jacob Deschamps;Tommy Rossignol;Nicolas Roy;Philippe Arsenault;Henri Dautet;Serge A. Charlebois;Jean-François Pratte","doi":"10.1109/JEDS.2024.3359088","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JEDS.2024.3359088","url":null,"abstract":"When developing a technology based on single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), the SPAD characterization is mandatory to debug, optimize and monitor the microfabrication process. This is especially true for the development of SPAD arrays 3D integrated with CMOS readout electronics, where SPAD testing is required to qualify the process, independently from the final CMOS readout circuit. This work reports on a characterization and monitoring platform dedicated to SPAD testing at die and wafer level, in the context of a 3D SPAD technology development. The platform relies on a dedicated integrated circuit made in a standard CMOS technology and used in different configurations from a prototype printed circuit board (die-level testing) to active probe cards (wafer-level mapping). The platform gives full access to SPAD characteristics in Geiger mode such as the dark noise, photon detection efficiency and timing resolution. The integrated circuit and its configuration are described in detail as well as results obtained on different SPAD test structures. In particular, the dark count rate mapping demonstrates the benefits of testing SPADs at wafer level at the R&D stage.","PeriodicalId":13210,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10414786","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139952951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr. Priyan Malarvizhi Kumar, Dr. M. M. Kamruzzaman, Badria Sulaiman Alfurhood, Bakri Hossain, Harikumar Nagarajan, Surendar Rama Sitaraman
{"title":"Balanced Performance Merit On Wind and Solar Energy Contact With Clean Environment Enrichment","authors":"Dr. Priyan Malarvizhi Kumar, Dr. M. M. Kamruzzaman, Badria Sulaiman Alfurhood, Bakri Hossain, Harikumar Nagarajan, Surendar Rama Sitaraman","doi":"10.1109/jeds.2024.3358087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jeds.2024.3358087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13210,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139952877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Thermal Analysis of 2.5D and 3-D Integrated System of a CMOS Image Sensor and a Sparsity-Aware Accelerator for Autonomous Driving","authors":"Janak Sharda;Madison Manley;Ankit Kaul;Wantong Li;Muhannad Bakir;Shimeng Yu","doi":"10.1109/JEDS.2024.3354621","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JEDS.2024.3354621","url":null,"abstract":"For the autonomous driving application, data movement has increased rapidly between a CMOS Image sensor (CIS) and the processor due to increase in image resolution. Advanced packaging techniques like 2.5D/3D integration have been proposed to reduce the data movement energy between memory and processor. In this work, we explore the use of such techniques to integrate a CIS and a backend accelerator on a silicon interposer. The data movement energy from CIS to the accelerator is thus reduced by \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$100times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 compared to using the conventional MIPI links. We perform thermal simulations to study the impact of the thermal coupling of CIS and accelerator and ensure a peak temperature increase of less than \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$5~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000C. We also vary the distance between the CIS and the processor to study the trade-offs between energy savings and peak temperature. Next, we assume the 3D stacked CIS and accelerator to reduce the data movement further and obtain an energy efficiency of 45.81 TOPS/W. Now we observe a heat dissipation challenge with an increase in the peak temperature of more than \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$85~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000C. Hence, we scale down the operational frequency and study the trade-off between performance degradation and reduction in peak temperature, while maintaining the accurate multi-object tracking on the BDD100k dataset for autonomous driving.","PeriodicalId":13210,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10403647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139952886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}