Gene Reports最新文献

{"title":"PKC in cancer: A dual role in cancer promotion and suppression","authors":"Xu Wang,&nbsp;Jiaming Duan,&nbsp;Chunming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.genrep.2025.102329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.genrep.2025.102329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The serine-threonine kinase Protein Kinase C (PKC), a critical factor in cancer biology, falls into three subfamilies: conventional (cPKC: α, β, γ), novel (nPKC: δ, ε, η, θ), and atypical (aPKC: ζ, λ/ι). Initially identified as a molecular target of tumorigenic phorbol esters, PKC has since been implicated in various cancers due to its involvement in essential cellular processes like cell survival, proliferative regulation, apoptotic signaling, and migratory behavior. The PKC family comprises nine genes with diverse targets, making its role in cancer complex and multifaceted. In different types of cancer, PKC seems to play a different role, promoting cancer in some cancers, and inhibiting cancer in others, this seems to have caused a bottleneck in PKC research. This review systematically summarized the context-dependent functions of PKC isoforms in cancer pathogenesis and evaluates the therapeutic profiles of current PKC inhibitors and agonists. By analyzing persistent challenges in PKC drug development, we propose strategic directions for future PKC-targeted therapeutics and provide researchers with new ideas for future PKC research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12673,"journal":{"name":"Gene Reports","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 102329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of current field isolates of zoonotic parapoxviruses and their growth characteristics","authors":"Gizem Aytoğu ,&nbsp;Mevlüt Yaşar ,&nbsp;Nilay Aybey ,&nbsp;Zafer Mecitoğlu ,&nbsp;Kadir Yeşilbağ","doi":"10.1016/j.genrep.2025.102328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.genrep.2025.102328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parapoxviruses (PPVs), including Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV), Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV), and ORF virus (ORFV), are zoonotic pathogens affecting wild and domesticated ruminants. Between 2023 and 2024, erosive papules and ulcers on the lips, nose, and tongue of calves, as well as proliferative oral lesions in lambs, were reported in various Turkish regions. In two geographically distant beef herds, nodular hand lesions in animal handlers indicated zoonotic transmission. Suspected samples were confirmed by PCR using B2L gene-specific primers. Three isolates representing BPSV, PCPV, and ORFV were sequenced and compared to global data. PCPV showed closest similarity to strains from Bangladesh and Finland, while BPSV was most similar to strains from China and Iran. Virus isolation was attempted on four cell lines: primary fetal lamb kidney (PLK), Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK), sheep fetal thymus (SFT-R), and African green monkey kidney (VERO). PLK cells showed 100 % isolation success for all three viruses. In serial passages, ORFV replicated best in PLK cells, consistently yielding the highest viral titers. This study provides molecular and phylogenetic characterization of currently circulating zoonotic PPVs in Türkiye and compares their in vitro replication efficiency. PLK cells were identified as the most sensitive and productive system, particularly for ORFV, which is of interest due to its immunomodulatory potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12673,"journal":{"name":"Gene Reports","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 102328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144911586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating machine learning with OMICs data for early detection in breast cancer","authors":"Jiaqi Mu ,&nbsp;Aquib Nazar ,&nbsp;Muhammad Asim Ali ,&nbsp;Athar Hussain","doi":"10.1016/j.genrep.2025.102325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.genrep.2025.102325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers that significantly affects a large population of women, emphasizing its importance in early detection for effective treatments. The advancement in technologies, especially in machine learning and its integration with multi-omics data, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and imaging, is not only revolutionizing the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer at its early stages but also providing a door for personalized treatment plans to improve patient outcomes. However, achieving truly personalized treatment requires integration of causal inference methods into machine learning frameworks, as correlational models alone may not ensure effective or safe decision-making. The current study revisits the progress made in this research area, providing a comprehensive insight into the challenges of breast cancer early detection, machine learning (ML) in cancer detection, ML-Omics integration, clinical applications, case studies, and future directions and innovations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12673,"journal":{"name":"Gene Reports","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 102325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of the MTHFR and VDR polymorphisms with cognitive impairment and affective symptoms in alcohol-dependent inpatients during abstinence","authors":"Danil Peregud ,&nbsp;Valeria Baronets ,&nbsp;Maxim Viksna ,&nbsp;Olga Pavlova ,&nbsp;Konstantin Pavlov","doi":"10.1016/j.genrep.2025.102323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.genrep.2025.102323","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Alcohol dependence is associated with cognitive impairment often accompanied by depression and anxiety with a potential of partial recovery during abstinence. However, the corresponding genetic markers remain elusive. The goal of this study was to examine an association of the rs1801133 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene as well as rs7975232 and rs1544410 SNPs in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene with cognitive function and affective symptoms during the abstinence period after alcohol withdrawal.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;One hundred thirty-two alcohol-dependent inpatients admitted for alcohol withdrawal syndrome treatment were enrolled in the study. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tool was used to assess cognitive impairment. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) subscale-1 were administered to assess the severity of affective symptoms. Psychometric testing was performed on the 7&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; and 21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; days of abstinence. MTHFR rs1801133 (also known as C677T or Ala222Val), VDR rs7975232 (&lt;em&gt;Apa&lt;/em&gt;I) and VDR rs1544410 (&lt;em&gt;Bsm&lt;/em&gt;I) SNPs were genotyped using real-time PCR. Repeated measures ANOVA and general linear models were used to test the effects of each SNP separately and their interactions on BDI, STAI-1 or MoCA scores.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Carriers of the MTHFR SNP rs1801133 A allele had an earlier onset age of problem drinking and consumed a higher amount of alcohol within three months before the study as compared with the GG genotype carriers. The VDR SNPs did not associate with any drinking behavior parameters. Neither MTHFR rs1801133 nor VDR rs7975232 and VDR rs1544410 as single group factors influenced improvement of cognitive performance and decrease of affective symptoms over the course of abstinence. However, analysis of pairwise interactions demonstrated that both MTHFR rs1801133 × VDR rs7975232 and MTHFR rs1801133 × VDR rs1544410 had a significant effect on BDI, but not on MoCA or STAI-1 scores during abstinence. Carriers of both MTHFR rs1801133 GG genotype and VDR rs7975232 C allele had significantly higher BDI scores on the 7th day of abstinence as compared with carriers of the MTHFR rs1801133 A allele and VDR rs7975232 C allele. Moreover, carriers of the MTHFR rs1801133 A allele having the VDR rs1544410 CC genotype had significantly lower BDI scores on the 7th day of abstinence as compared with carriers of the MTHFR rs1801133 A allele having the VDR rs1544410 T allele.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;According to the present data the MTHFR rs1801133, VDR rs7975232 and rs1544410 SNPs alone had no effect on cognitive impairment and affective symptoms during the alcohol abstinence period. However, the MTHFR SNP rs1801133 interacted with both VDR SNPs rs7975232 and rs1544410 in regard to depression levels during the earlier period of alcohol abstine","PeriodicalId":12673,"journal":{"name":"Gene Reports","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 102323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative proteome analysis of LPS-stimulated porcine PBMCs between two genetically diverse breeds revealed potential biomarkers for immune competence","authors":"Jagan Mohanarao Gali ,&nbsp;Prasant Kumar Subudhi ,&nbsp;Parthasarathi Behera ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ayub Ali ,&nbsp;Tapan Kumar Dutta ,&nbsp;Ankan De","doi":"10.1016/j.genrep.2025.102322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.genrep.2025.102322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Comparative proteome profiling of unstimulated and LPS-stimulated PBMCs of indigenous (Zovawk) vis-à-vis exotic (Large White Yorkshire - LWY) pig breeds reared in India was carried out by a label-free quantitation-based mass spectrometry to determine the potential protein biomarkers for immune competence against gram-negative bacterial infections. This resulted in the identification of more than 3000 proteins across breeds and experimental groups with 1 % protein and peptide false discovery rate. A total of 138 and 156 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were found to be significantly different (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) with a log2 fold change of &gt;1.2 between unstimulated and LPS-stimulated PBMCs of Zovawk and LWY pigs, respectively. Enhanced expressions of several innate and adaptive immune response determinant proteins were observed inherently in the PBMCs of both pig breeds, revealing higher expression of a few key proteins in native pigs. Functional annotation and network analysis of these DEPs also depicted differences between the pig breeds for the mediation of innate and adaptive immune responses and other pathways. This work provides valuable insight into the global proteomic changes in PBMCs in response to LPS stimulation for the first time in pigs. We have delineated the differential expression of major immune response determinant proteins in Indian native pigs in contrast to exotic pig breeds. Based on our results, we propose IL1B, GZMA, PRF1, A2M, and CLU as potential protein biomarkers for immune competence assessment in pigs. This can help in the conservation of germplasm with robust genetic resistance against gram-negative bacterial infections in the population developed for food safety and security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12673,"journal":{"name":"Gene Reports","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 102322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LncRNA RASGRF2-AS1 regulates proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis of HUVECs","authors":"Cairong Liu ,&nbsp;Yunyan Liu ,&nbsp;Yijie Li ,&nbsp;Lin Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.genrep.2025.102319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.genrep.2025.102319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is a key contributor to the development of atherosclerosis and plays a crucial role as a proinflammatory mediator in the onset and progression of vascular endothelial dysfunction. According to a previous study, RASGRF2-AS1 was found to be one of the most notably downregulated long noncoding RNAs in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) following oxLDL stimulation. To date, the biological roles of RASGRF2-AS1 have not been reported. Therefore, we set out to explore the function of RASGRF2-AS1 in HUVECs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>RASGRF2-AS1 expression in HUVECs was measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). To silence RASGRF2-AS1, both siRNA and lentivirus-mediated shRNA were utilized. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was employed to evaluate cell proliferation. Then, we used annexin V/PI staining to determine cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution after RASGRF2-AS1 knockdown. Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 β (MAP1LC3B) and sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) expression levels were also measured by western blot. Furthermore, candidate proteins predicted to interact with RASGRF2-AS1 were determined by RNA pull-down assays and mass spectrometry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>RASGRF2-AS1 was highly expressed in HUVECs. After RASGRF2-AS1 expression was downregulated with siRNA and shRNA, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest increased, inhibiting HUVEC proliferation. Downregulating RASGRF2-AS1 also promoted apoptosis and suppressed tube formation in HUVECs. In addition, the western blot results indicated that RASGRF2-AS1 knockdown decreased p62 expression and increased MAP1LC3B expression. Furthermore, RNA pull-down assays identified several co-precipitating proteins as potential interactors of RASGRF2-AS1. These candidates included S100-A9, ZN598, NRROS, ZMYM5, IF4A1, PDIP3, and PLCB4.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>RASGRF2-AS1 is a novel key lncRNA involved in regulating HUVECs proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenic ability. Consequently, RASGRF2-AS1 could be a promising target for treating arteriosclerosis obliterans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12673,"journal":{"name":"Gene Reports","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 102319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of the role of TNFα-308 (G>A) gene polymorphism in recurrent pregnancy loss in random sample from Benha University Hospital","authors":"Osama Saad Al Shaer ,&nbsp;Eman Ramadan Abd El Gwad ,&nbsp;Dalia Mohamed Abd E.L. Hassib ,&nbsp;Omar Khaled Naser ,&nbsp;Walaa Afifi Nasr Afifi ,&nbsp;Amira Osama Abd El-Ghaffar","doi":"10.1016/j.genrep.2025.102320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.genrep.2025.102320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) remains a significant clinical and emotional challenge. Despite advances in reproductive medicine, the underlying causes of RPL are sometimes elusive, with genetic factors now increasingly recognized as important contributors. Among these, the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1800629 in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene has emerged as a potential factor influencing susceptibility to RPL.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This case-control study intended to examine the association of <em>TNF-α</em> − 308 G &gt; A SNP with RPL in Benha University Hospital, Egypt.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects &amp; methods</h3><div>A total of 190 participants (90 women with RPL and 100 healthy controls) were involved. Genotyping of the <em>TNF-α</em> − 308 G &gt; A SNP was performed using the restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP) technique with the <em>Nco</em>I restriction endonuclease.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The frequency of GA and AA genotypes were considerably higher in the RPL females compared to controls, with the AA genotype conferring the highest risk (OR = 3.75, 95 % CI: 1.17–12.05, <em>p</em> = 0.027). The dominant model (GA + AA) also showed a strong association with RPL (OR = 2.06, 95 % CI: 1.35–3.12, <em>p</em> = 0.001). The A allele was identified as a significant risk factor (OR = 2.01, 95 % CI: 1.39–2.90, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The <em>TNF-α</em> − 308 G &gt; A polymorphism appears to be linked to increased susceptibility to RPL. Larger, multi-ethnic studies are required to further confirm these outcomes and to clarify the genetic contribution to RPL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12673,"journal":{"name":"Gene Reports","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 102320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic insights into vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and spinal tuberculosis risk: Discovery of novel SNP variant","authors":"Shamaila Ejaz ,&nbsp;Bushra Rauf ,&nbsp;Muhammad Saad Ilyas ,&nbsp;Shahjahan Malik ,&nbsp;Amer Aziz ,&nbsp;Uruj Zehra","doi":"10.1016/j.genrep.2025.102321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.genrep.2025.102321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Limited findings on the role of genetic susceptibility in spine tuberculosis (STB) including Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism emphasize the need to explore it further especially with clinical severity in areas of huge disease burden. Current study aimed to investigate the genotype and allele frequency of VDR-Fok-1 &amp; Apa-1 in local population of Pakistan, and their association with clinical severity and histological features<em>.</em> Forty-three adult STB patients undergoing spine surgery and 43 age &amp; sex matched healthy controls were recruited after informed consent. Demographic and clinical profile, X-rays, T1-T2W MRI &amp; post-surgical tissues were obtained from patients for analyses. Sanger sequencing was done to analyze Fok-1 and Apa-1 polymorphisms on the blood samples of patients and controls. A novel SNP; rs11574113 was also identified while investigating the sequencing data of Apa-1. There was significant association between STB and heterozygous (Ff), homozygous (ff) genotype of Fok-1 (<em>p</em> = 0.003) and heterozygous (Rr) genotype of rs11574113 (<em>p</em> = 0.02). Wild-type (FF) Fok-1, homozygous (aa) Apa-1 and heterozygous (Rr) genotype of rs11574113 polymorphisms were associated with increased vertebral involvement (<em>p</em> = 0.01), complete vertebral bodies (<em>p</em> = 0.001), intervertebral-disc collapse (<em>p</em> = 0.002) and higher Pfirrmann grades (<em>p</em> = 0.03). Apa-1 polymorphism was also found to be associated with well-formed granuloma (<em>p</em> = 0.01) on histology. RegulomeDB and LDlink analyses revealed a novel rs11574113–rs7975232 haplotype (R² = 1.0) with regulatory roles, distinct from rs2228570's independent effects. The study suggests significant associations of VDR gene polymorphisms Fok-1 and rs11574113 with risk and severity of STB in the Pakistani population, highlighting rs11574113 as a novel SNP not previously reported.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12673,"journal":{"name":"Gene Reports","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 102321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) kinase and eIF2α from Indian midge Chironomus ramosus","authors":"Kailas D. Datkhile ,&nbsp;Jayanta K. Pal ,&nbsp;Bimalendu B. Nath","doi":"10.1016/j.genrep.2025.102318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.genrep.2025.102318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Protein synthesis regulation via eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) phosphorylation is a conserved mechanism in eukaryotes that plays a vital role in cellular homeostasis and adaptation to stress conditions. Among eIF2α kinases, heme regulated inhibitor (HRI), protein kinase R (PKR), PKR like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), and general control non-derepressible 2 kinase (GCN2) mediate stress-induced translational control across various insect species. Despite extensive studies in insects such as <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> and <em>Bombyx mori</em>, no attempts have been made to identify eIF2α kinases in aquatic insects, leaving a gap in understanding stress-regulated protein synthesis mechanisms in such organisms.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to characterize a novel eIF2α kinase and its substrate, eIF2α from <em>Chironomus ramosus</em>, an Indian tropical midge known for its exceptional environmental stress tolerance.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div><em>C. ramosus</em> cultures were maintained under controlled laboratory conditions, and total RNA was extracted from the larvae for cDNA synthesis. Using degenerate primers, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was performed, followed by cloning into pCR®4-TOPO and subcloning into pET28a for expression studies in <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) <em>BL21-Rosetta</em>. Clones were validated via restriction digestion and DNA sequencing. Expression and purification of recombinant proteins were confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PCR amplification yielded 2084 bp <em>C. ramosus</em> eIF2α kinase (CR-eIF2AK) and 1121 bp <em>C. ramosus</em> eIF2 α (CR-eIF2α) fragments, which have been successfully cloned and expressed. Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of ~79 kDa CR-eIF2AK and ~45 kDa CR-eIF2α proteins, establishing correct reading frame alignment. Phylogenetic analysis revealed its close homology with known eIF2α kinases, supporting its role in stress-induced translational control.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This is the first sequence-based characterization of eIF2α kinase and eIF2α from <em>C. ramosus</em>, contributing to novel insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating protein synthesis in aquatic insects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12673,"journal":{"name":"Gene Reports","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 102318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating DEGs in developing insecticide resistance: Evidence of RpL40 and RpL27A inducing ubiquitin–PINK1-Parkin-dependent mitophagy pathway","authors":"Srishti Sharma,&nbsp;Sujata Mohanty","doi":"10.1016/j.genrep.2025.102317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.genrep.2025.102317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ethion (ET), an organophosphate (OP) insecticide acts by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) leading to neurotoxicity and oxidative stress. However, its excessive and inappropriate use in agriculture and healthcare has resulted resistance in target-pest species and become harmful for non-target organisms. In this study, we investigated the development of ethion insecticide resistance in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> through biological and transcriptomic analysis and explored the molecular mechanisms that drive this adaptation process. Flies were exposed to two sublethal concentrations 1.25 ppm and 1.88 ppm of ethion for ten generations and F₁ and F₁₀ flies were analysed for the generational and transgenerational effect of ethion using biological parameters. Transcriptomic analysis was performed with the same generation flies (F₁ and F₁₀) to understand the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their involvement in various processes such as cell morphogenesis, transcription regulation, locomotor activities, metamorphosis, sensory and growth and visual system development, metabolism, catalytic and protein kinase activity etc. The comparison was made among two combinations of groups i.e., ethion F₁ treated (ETF₁) vs ethion-treated resistant (ETR) and control vs ETR. In control vs ETR group, heat shock ubiquitous DEGs were found to be upregulated which help organisms to cope up with insecticidal stress by refolding damaged proteins. The PPI network analysis revealed the key genes common to both the comparison groups and their involvement in various pathways. The up-regulated ubiquitin genes RpS27A and RPL40 evidenced the activation of ubiquitin-PINK1-Parkin-dependent mitophagy pathway in response to ethion-induced cellular stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12673,"journal":{"name":"Gene Reports","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 102317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}