Frontiers in Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Beyond the present: current and future perspectives on the role of infections in pediatric PCD.","authors":"Megan Frohlich, Bernadette Prentice, Louisa Owens, Shafagh Waters, Lucy Morgan","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1564156","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1564156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder affecting motile cilia, leading to impaired mucociliary clearance and increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. These infections contribute to long-term complications such as bronchiectasis and lung function decline.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This review explores both the acute and long-term impact of respiratory infections in children with PCD, while highlighting the multiple contributors to infection susceptibility. The review also evaluates emerging personalized approaches such as gene and mRNA therapy that hold promise for restoring ciliary function and reducing the burden of acute infections in pediatric PCD.</p><p><strong>Key findings and conclusions: </strong>Acute respiratory infections have a significant impact on morbidity in pediatric PCD, driving progressive airway remodeling. While current treatment strategies focus on managing infections directly, emerging therapies targeting inflammation and genetic causes hold promise for reducing infection burden and improving long-term outcomes. Future advances in personalized medicine could further enhance therapeutic approaches in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1564156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11958984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning curve comparison of robot-assisted and laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy: a focus on critical suturing.","authors":"Jiahui Liu, Takuya Maeda, Chiyoe Shirota, Takahisa Tainaka, Wataru Sumida, Satoshi Makita, Yousuke Gohda, Yoichi Nakagawa, Aitaro Takimoto, Yaohui Guo, Daiki Kato, Akihiro Yasui, Akinari Hinoki, Hiroo Uchida","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1558362","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1558362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Robot-assisted surgery (RS) has gained popularity due to its potential advantages over conventional laparoscopic surgery (LS). However, the specific suturing steps that benefit most from RS in terms of efficiency remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the suturing performance and learning curves of RS and LS during hepaticojejunostomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed surgical videos of patients who underwent hepaticojejunostomy performed by the same surgeon between 2016 and 2023. Cases with incomplete data or conversion to open surgery were excluded. Suturing efficiency, anastomotic precision, and learning curves were evaluated using standardized metrics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 33 patients were included in the final analysis (17 RS, 16 LS). The median suture time per stitch was significantly shorter in the RS group (<i>P</i> = 0.017). The greatest efficiency gains were observed at the second (<i>P</i> = 0.041) and final stitches (<i>P</i> = 0.041). Complication rates were comparable between the two groups (<i>P</i> = 0.986).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RS significantly improves efficiency at challenging suturing steps and provides a more consistent learning curve, highlighting its potential advantage for complex pediatric procedures such as hepaticojejunostomy. Future multicenter studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up are needed to validate these results and explore long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1558362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11958166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation combined with continuous renal replacement therapy in the management of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome.","authors":"Yufan Yang, Xiangni Wang, Xiulan Lu, Xinping Zhang, Jiaotian Huang, Zhenghui Xiao","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1556642","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1556642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The efficacy and safety of combining extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with continuous renal replacement therapy remain controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation combined with continuous renal replacement therapy in the treatment of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study, conducted at Hunan Children's Hospital between January 2019 and December 2023, included 30 pediatric patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome who underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment. The patients were divided into two groups based on whether continuous renal replacement therapy was used during treatment: 21 in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with continuous renal replacement therapy group and nine in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-only group. The groups were compared using <i>t</i>-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 19 (63.3%) male and 11 (36.7%) female patients (mean age: 63.33 ± 54.41 months). The ratios of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen before and at withdrawal of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were 58.50 (40.75-70.31) and 257.00 (113.25-358.33) mmHg, respectively (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with continuous renal replacement therapy group, 21 patients (70.0%) underwent continuous renal replacement therapy, including those with acute renal injury (<i>n</i> = 5), fluid overload (<i>n</i> = 13), hyperkalemia (<i>n</i> = 3), and removal of inflammatory mediators (<i>n</i> = 3), and improvement was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combination of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and continuous renal replacement therapy provides safe and effective respiratory support for pediatric patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and enables effective fluid-balance management, removal of inflammatory factors, and maintenance of electrolyte equilibrium.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1556642"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11960717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal asphyxia and Alzheimer's disease: is there a correlation?","authors":"Bruna Petrucelli Arruda, Pamela Pinheiro Martins, Alexandre Hiroaki Kihara, Silvia Honda Takada","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1567719","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1567719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The perinatal development period is critical for the formation of brain structures responsible for cognitive functions. Disruptions during this phase, such as perinatal asphyxia, characterized by impaired gas exchange and hypoxia, can lead to long-lasting neuronal damage and increased susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD, the most common cause of dementia globally, is marked by amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and progressive cognitive decline. Emerging evidence links perinatal asphyxia with an elevated risk of AD, highlighting the potential role of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and epigenetic modifications as mediators. This review explores the mechanisms underlying brain damage after perinatal asphyxia, emphasizing oxidative stress, inflammation, and epigenetic changes that contribute to lifelong neurodegenerative susceptibility. Additionally, biomarkers identified in animal models reveal parallels between perinatal asphyxia and AD pathology, such as amyloid precursor protein alterations, gliosis, and microglial activation. These findings suggest perinatal asphyxia may prime microglia and epigenetically alter gene expression, predisposing individuals to chronic neurodegeneration. Future research should leverage advanced methodologies, including transcriptomics, epigenomics, and aged brain organoid models, to elucidate early-life influences on AD development. Understanding these mechanisms may pave the way for novel prevention strategies targeting early-life risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1567719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11958199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absence of association between early antibiotic exposure and short-term adverse outcomes in very preterm infants: a single-center retrospective study.","authors":"Laura Fillistorf, Giorgia Carra, Raphaël Matusiak, Varvara Dimopoulou, Jérémie Despraz, Sylvain Meylan, Eric Giannoni","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1563979","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1563979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antibiotics save lives but also carry significant risks, including increased antimicrobial resistance, higher healthcare costs, and disruption of the microbiome. However, the association between antibiotic exposure and short-term adverse outcomes remains uncertain. Our study aimed to evaluate whether early unnecessary antibiotic exposure in the first 7 days of life of very preterm infants is linked to short-term adverse outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included infants born below 32 weeks of gestation and hospitalized at the University Hospital of Lausanne between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2022. Antibiotic exposure was quantified during the first seven postnatal days by the median number of days of antibiotics. Multilinear regressions and mixed effect models analyzed the association between the number of days of antibiotics and death, late-onset sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, severe retinopathy of prematurity and cystic periventricular leukomalacia. The primary outcome was a composite of at least one of the listed adverse outcomes, while the secondary outcomes consisted of each adverse outcome individually. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and <i>p</i>-value were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 1,398 preterm infants. The median gestational age was 29 weeks (IQR: 27-30) and the median birthweight was 1,144 grams (895-1,420). The median number of days of antibiotics declined by 53%, from 4 days in 2007 to 1.9 days in 2022 (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). The number of days of antibiotics was not associated with the composite outcome [aOR: 0.97 (0.82-1.17), <i>p</i> = 0.80, adjusted <i>p</i> = 0.80] or any of the following adverse outcomes: mortality [aOR: 1.10 (0.78-1.55), <i>p</i> = 0.58, adjusted <i>p</i> = 0.69], late-onset sepsis [aOR: 0.74 (0.59-0.93), <i>p</i> = 0.01, adjusted <i>p</i> = 0.07], necrotizing enterocolitis [aOR: 1.22 (0.86-1.74), <i>p</i> = 0.26, adjusted <i>p</i> = 0.65], severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia [aOR: 1.12 (0.88-1.42), <i>p</i> = 0.36, adjusted <i>p</i> = 0.65], severe retinopathy of prematurity [aOR: 1.34 (0.65-2.78), <i>p</i> = 0.43, adjusted <i>p</i> = 0.65], and cystic periventricular leukomalacia [aOR: 1.02 (0.69-1.99), <i>p</i> = 0.91, adjusted <i>p</i> = 0.91].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found no association between early antibiotic exposure and short-term adverse outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1563979"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of anxiety and depression.","authors":"Frederick Dun-Dery, Jianling Xie, Roger Zemek, Kathleen Winston, Brett Burstein, Vikram Sabhaney, Jason Emsley, Jocelyn Gravel, April Kam, Ahmed Mater, Darcy Beer, Robert Porter, Gabrielle Freire, Naveen Poonai, Anne Moffatt, Simon Berthelot, Marina I Salvadori, Deepti Reddy, Bruce Wright, Stephen B Freedman","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1524617","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1524617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>It remains unclear whether emerging mental health concerns in children infected with SARS-CoV-2 are a direct result of the infection or due to the indirect effects of the pandemic. Therefore, we sought to assess the frequency of new diagnoses of anxiety and/or depression among children diagnosed with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection who were tested in pediatric emergency departments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study with 6- and 12-month follow-ups was conducted across 14 Canadian tertiary-care pediatric emergency departments of the Pediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC) network. The study included children aged <18 years who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection between August 2020 and February 2022. The primary outcome was the diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression reported during follow-up. The surveys incorporated a modified version of the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) Long-COVID Pediatric Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the participants who were eligible for 6- and 12-month follow-ups, 64.7% (268/414) of SARS-CoV-2-positive and 71.9% (743/1,033) of SARS-CoV-2-negative participants completed follow-up at these time points, respectively. The median age was 7.0 [inter-quartile range (IQR): 5.0-11.0] years, and 54.2% (548/1,011) were male. New diagnoses of anxiety and/or depression reported on either survey did not differ significantly between test-positive (4.1%, 11/268) and test-negative (2.8%; 21/743) participants [difference = 1.3% (95% CI: -1.3 to 4.2)]. There was a higher prevalence of new diagnoses of anxiety and/or depression among SARS-CoV-2-negative participants aged ≥12 years relative to those aged <12 years [8.7% (13/149) vs. 1.3% (8/594); difference = 7.4%; 95% CI of the difference = 3.0-12.5], but not among SARS-CoV-2-positive participants [4.4% (2/45) vs. 4.0% (9/223); difference = 0.4%; 95% CI of the difference = -5.6 to 9.4]. At 6 or 12 months, SARS-CoV-2-positive participants were more likely to experience confusion and/or lack of concentration, abdominal pain, and insomnia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although no association was found between SARS-CoV-2 infection and new diagnoses of anxiety and/or depression, SARS-CoV-2-positive participants were more likely to experience confusion/lack of concentration, abdominal pain, and insomnia. This finding, in the context of an increased prevalence of new diagnoses of anxiety and depression, underscores the impacts of societal changes on the mental health of children. Our finding that some non-specific symptoms were more frequently reported by SARS-CoV-2-positive participants emphasizes the need for further investigation of the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1524617"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Delayed recurrence of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in an extremely low birth weight infant.","authors":"Sara M Hooper, Camille M Fung, Carrie Torr, Shelley M Lawrence","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1564633","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1564633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preterm infants have well-documented deficiencies in their innate and adaptive immune responses, which are indirectly correlated with their gestational age at birth. They also exhibit low levels of circulating immunoglobulins due to the lack of maternal transplacental IgG transfer during the third trimester of pregnancy. These factors place them at a particularly high risk for infectious diseases after birth. Diagnosing infections that primarily manifest through abnormal skin findings can be challenging, given overlapping characteristics attributed to bacterial and yeast pathogens. The case presented involves an infant born extremely premature with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), a diagnosis rarely made in neonatal patients. However, he was initially treated for a yeast infection of his neck and skin folds, which is very common. This patient's course was complicated by a family history concerning for an undiagnosed, inherited immune deficiency. This case highlights the clinical findings and management of SSSS in preterm infants. It also details the importance of establishing a specialized multidisciplinary team to coordinate and manage the care of these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1564633"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with elevated gentamicin trough levels in neonates: a retrospective analysis of dosing and clinical parameters.","authors":"Julian Trah, Philipp Deindl, Alexandra Luister, Claudia Langebrake, Dominique Singer, Chinedu Ulrich Ebenebe","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1510838","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1510838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Investigate determinants of elevated gentamicin trough levels in neonates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center retrospective analysis used a multivariate linear regression model to explore the relationship between gentamicin trough concentrations and factors such as creatinine levels, dosage, day of life, sex, CRP levels, and dosing interval in neonates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 215 neonates, including 68 (31.6%) premature neonates with a postmenstrual age of ≤35 weeks, shorter dosing intervals, higher creatinine levels, and increased dosage were linked to higher gentamicin trough levels. Elevated CRP levels corresponded with lower trough levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the critical role of dosing frequency, kidney function, and inflammatory status in influencing gentamicin trough levels in neonates. However, all gentamicin trough levels were within the 2 µg/ml threshold.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1510838"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastric perforation with foreign body granuloma formation caused by a short hair-a case report.","authors":"Gang Shen, Yunpeng Zhai, Huashan Zhao, Rui Guo, Hongxiu Xu, Sai Huang, Shisong Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1521428","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1521428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This case report presents the diagnosis and treatment process of a rare case of gastric perforation caused by a short hair, leading to the formation of a foreign body granuloma in a child.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>The patient was a 3-year-old boy who was admitted to the hospital with persistent abdominal pain and fever for more than 20 days. Ultrasound and CT revealed a foreign body and inflammatory encapsulation in the abdominal cavity. Laparoscopic and open surgeries were performed, revealing a full-thickness gastric wall perforation approximately 2 mm in diameter on the greater curvature side of the stomach, which was in contact with the abscess and contained purulent fluid and short hair approximately 1.5 cm long. The intraoperative diagnosis was hair-induced gastric perforation, leading to intra-abdominal foreign body inflammatory granuloma. Granuloma excision, gastric perforation repair, and partial transverse colon resection were performed. Postoperative pathological results revealed a gastric perforation with surrounding acute and chronic inflammation, and the diagnosis was a reactive fibrous granulomatous lesion. The patient recovered well after surgery, and follow-up for one year revealed no significant abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hair-induced gastric perforation leading to a foreign body granuloma formation is a rare disease. Imaging examinations play a key role in diagnosis, and surgical resection is the main treatment method.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1521428"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of 3D printed vs. 3D virtual congenital heart models on patient and family knowledge.","authors":"Luke Zerwic, Ashray Mohan, Emily Riley, Connor Byeman, Ravi Ashwath","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1525549","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1525549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Congenital heart defects (CHDs) often involve complex anatomical structures that can be challenging for patients and their families to understand. While physicians utilize various imaging techniques such as cardiac echocardiograms, CT scans, and MRIs to comprehend these complexities, the information is typically conveyed to patients and families through two-dimensional (2D) images and drawings. Traditional methods often fail to fully capture the intricate nature of CHDs. This study compared the effectiveness of 2D imaging with three-dimensional (3D) virtual and 3D printed models in enhancing the understanding of CHDs among patients and their families.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Family members of patients with congenital heart disease, as well as patients aged 15 years or older, were recruited for the study. Participants were presented with an echocardiogram of their specific cardiac defect alongside an echocardiogram of a structurally normal heart for comparison. They were then randomly assigned to receive education using a 3D printed model or a 3D virtual model of their heart defect. Participants' knowledge of normal cardiac anatomy and the anatomy of their specific cardiac defect was assessed after viewing the echocardiogram (2D image) and again after reviewing the 3D models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One-hundred-nine subjects participated in the study, comprising 79 family members (72.5%) and 30 patients (27.5%). Subjects showed significant improvement in their understanding of normal cardiac anatomy with both 3D printed and 3D virtual models compared to the 2D image (<i>p</i> = 0.022 and <i>p</i> = 0.012, respectively). Among the subjects, 70% in the 3D printed group and 84% in the 3D virtual group indicated a preference for the 3D models over the 2D image. Both the 3D printed, and 3D virtual model groups rated themselves as having an increased understanding of normal cardiac anatomy compared to the 2D images (<i>p</i> = 0.009 and <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings suggest that incorporating 3D models into the educational process for patients with congenital heart disease can lead to improved comprehension and greater satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1525549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}