Frontiers in Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Case Report: Achieving ankle joint stability through early intervention in an 8-year-old with congenital fibular hemimelia.","authors":"Yanhong Ma, Na Pan, Gang Peng, Rui Yang","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1528401","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1528401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Congenital Fibular Hemimelia (CFH), also known as congenital absence of the fibula, has an incidence of approximately 5.7-20 cases per million live births. Clinically, it manifests as partial or complete absence of the fibula, accompanied by tibial shortening and bowing, ball-and-socket or dish-shaped ankle joints, and tarsal anomalies. Surgical intervention serves as the primary therapeutic approach for CFH. Most pediatric patients require at least two surgical procedures, with the initial stage involving ankle reconstruction surgery to achieve joint stability, followed by subsequent limb lengthening procedures to correct limb length discrepancies between the lower extremities.</p><p><strong>Presentation of case: </strong>Here, we report for the first time a case of CFH with complete absence of fibula in a pediatric patient who achieved ankle stability through early application of splinting to maintain the right ankle in a functional position, thereby correcting valgus deformity and obviating the need for ankle reconstruction surgery. Following admission, the patient underwent limb lengthening surgery exclusive Ilizarov-based limb lengthening, achieving favorable clinical outcomes during early-to-mid postoperative follow-up.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Compared with the conventional \"two-stage\" surgical protocol for CFH, early conservative management demonstrates efficacy in correcting foot valgus deformity, thereby circumventing the need for multiple surgical interventions and associated morbidities in pediatric patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case report suggests that early conservative treatment may correct ankle instability in patients with CFH, thereby preventing the necessity for multiple complex surgical procedures. These findings highlight the critical importance of early screening and intervention, while providing novel insights into therapeutic paradigms for CFH management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1528401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12163000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144301911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Positive <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> IgM does not necessarily indicate acute infection: two case studies.","authors":"Hao Wang, Xiaoying Liu, Yabin Wu, Xin Cao, Jie Liu, Wei Li","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1520021","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1520021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We aimed to explore the duration of IgM antibodies against <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from two children who consistently tested positive for <i>M. pneumoniae</i> IgM antibodies were retrospectively analyzed. Moreover, we examined the etiological data and drug use of these cases. Serologic testing using the colloidal gold method, direct chemiluminescence technique, and specific immune agglutination test were utilized. Quantitative PCR was used to detect <i>M. pneumoniae</i> in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and antigen tests and nucleic acid detection were conducted for other respiratory pathogens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The serological positivity of <i>M. pneumoniae</i> IgM antibody persisted for nearly ten months in one child and more than fifteen months in the other child. Furthermore, the persistently positive <i>M. pneumoniae</i> IgM antibody tests led to the inappropriate use of macrolides during multiple hospitalizations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IgM antibodies against <i>M. pneumoniae</i> may remain positive for an extended duration. Therefore, a positive <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> IgM test does not necessarily indicate the presence of an acute infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1520021"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12162897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144301912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives: Mental health challenges and medical trauma: focus on cystinosis patients and caregivers.","authors":"Maya H Doyle, Chelsea Meschke","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1592513","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1592513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the lifespan of cystinosis patients extends, mental health issues increasingly impact both patients and their caregivers. The emotional journey for patients and \"raregivers\" has been mapped, providing a valuable guide across a patient's lifetime. Common mental health challenges within the cystinosis community include anxiety, depression, PTSD, grief/loss, bullying, peer challenges, body image issues, and underappreciation of gender and sexual identity, alongside co-occurring mental health diagnoses. A literature review was conducted and a first presentation given on this under-appreciated topic at the New York Academy of Medicine in May 2024. Pediatric Medical Trauma is documented in the literature; however, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to medical trauma and caregiving across the lifespan for both patients and carers is often subsumed under general stress, leading to a lack of targeted interventions. Medical events, from ICU experiences to routine blood draws, can be traumatic or trigger past trauma, resulting in classic PTSD symptoms. Despite referrals for mental health services, there is often a lack of awareness about specific interventions for post-traumatic stress, such as TF-CBT, DBT, EMDR, ACT, and other forms of mindfulness-based stress reduction. Healthcare teams are encouraged to monitor for signs of mental health distress, including reduced adherence and changes in appearance, affect, and demeanor towards care. Proactive conversations and anticipatory guidance are essential to educate and normalize mental health care needs. Ensuring patients and families are aware of available resources through disease-specific organizations, hospital services, and local mental health agencies is vital.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1592513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12159012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of efficacy of exosomes derived from human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells in treating mouse acute lung injury via different routes.","authors":"Jing Chen, Shuang Liu, Jizhen Zou, Yi Wang, Haiyan Ge, Yi Hui, Siyuan Huang, Wei Li, Weilan Na, Xiaolan Huang, Lin Bai, Yiying Huang, Dong Qu","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1560915","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1560915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hUCMSC-Exo) in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model and compare the effects of different administration routes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An ALI mouse model was established through intratracheal LPS injection. Mice received hUCMSC-Exo through tail vein injection, nasal drip, or atomization at 4-and-24 h post-modeling, with comparisons made across low, medium, and high doses. Mice were categorized into three groups: control, LPS model, and experimental (<i>n</i> = 8). Histopathological scoring assessed lung inflammation after 48 h; and inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10) in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a murine model of LPS-induced ALI, administration of hUCMSC-Exo via intravenous, intranasal, or nebulized routes at 4 and 24 h post-LPS exposure significantly attenuated pulmonary inflammation, as evidenced by reduced alveolar inflammatory cell infiltration, hemorrhage, and edema in histopathological analysis (except the nebulized low-dose group). ELISA revealed that hUCMSC-Exo markedly decreased serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β (<i>P</i> < 0.05) while increasing IL-10 levels. Dose-dependent effects were observed across routes: intravenous high-dose (Exo-VH) outperformed medium- and low-dose groups (<i>P</i> < 0.05); intranasal medium-dose (Exo-NM) was superior to low-dose (Exo-NL; <i>P</i> < 0.05), with no significant difference between medium and high doses (<i>P</i> > 0.05); nebulized high-dose (Exo-AH) demonstrated enhanced efficacy over medium- (Exo-AM; <i>P</i> < 0.05) and low-dose (Exo-AL; <i>P</i> < 0.05). At an equivalent dose (5 × 10⁸ particles), intravenous delivery achieved superior lung injury score reduction and cytokine modulation compared to intranasal and nebulized routes (<i>P</i> < 0.05), whereas the latter two showed comparable efficacy (<i>P</i> > 0.05). These findings collectively highlight the therapeutic potential of hUCMSC-Exo in ALI, with intravenous administration emerging as the optimal route at the tested dose.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>hUCMSC-Exo effectively attenuates LPS-induced ALI in mice. At the tested dose (5 × 10⁸ particles), intravenous delivery exhibited superior therapeutic efficacy over intranasal and nebulized routes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1560915"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12159432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Findings supporting neonatal screening for sickle cell disease: an observational study in Senegal.","authors":"Lucie Petigas, Ndiogou Seck, Dominique Doupa, Ibrahima Diagne, Matthias Roth-Kleiner","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1578570","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1578570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, and early detection through neonatal screening can improve outcomes. In Senegal, systematic screening is not yet implemented. This study describes two cohorts of children diagnosed with SCD: those identified through neonatal screening and those diagnosed clinically after presenting symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study involved two cohorts of children diagnosed with SCD in St. Louis, Senegal, between 2010 and 2020-one through neonatal screening (A) and the other clinically (B). Epidemiological, clinical, and management data were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cohort A included 17,083 screened infants (74% screening rate), with 40 diagnosed at a mean age of 70.48 days, showing low complication rates and requiring less intensive treatment. Cohort B, with 39 clinically diagnosed children, had a mean diagnosis age of 21.9 months, with higher rates of hospitalizations, transfusions, and acute anemia. Vaccination and antibiotic prophylaxis were high in both cohorts.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Neonatal screening enables early diagnosis, reducing complications and enabling timely interventions, while children diagnosed after symptoms face more severe disease. Early genetic counseling and addressing consanguinity are key for better outcomes. Challenges such as limited funding, equipment, and trained personnel must be addressed for broader implementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neonatal screening aligns with public health goals by reducing morbidity and mortality, and the long-term economic burden on families and healthcare systems. It is particularly relevant in the context of increasing global migration patterns, underscoring the need for such programs worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1578570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucocorticoids and immunoglobulin alone or in combination in the treatment of multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Junjie Lin, Qiang Tong, Hui Huang, Jiahui Liu, Ye Kang, Siyuan Liu, Weiyi Wang, Tianshu Ren, Yuan Yuan","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1545788","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1545788","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Importance/background: &lt;/strong&gt;Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) has sparked the creation of diverse treatment guidelines by healthcare organizations globally. The initial management strategies for MIS-C differ among these guidelines. In developed nations, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is frequently advised as the first-line treatment. However, given its high cost and limited availability in numerous countries, there is a pressing need for evidence to validate alternative therapeutic options.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To evaluate the efficacy of glucocorticoids (GCs), IVIG, and combination therapy for the treatment of Children with MIS-C.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data sources: &lt;/strong&gt;PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Medellín. The last search update was on April 8, 2025.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data extraction and synthesis: &lt;/strong&gt;Cohort studies that evaluated the efficacy of IVIG, GCs, and IVIG combined with GCs in children clinically diagnosed with MIS-C were included. Two authors independently screened the studies, extracted relevant data, and assessed the risk of bias.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Primary outcomes and measures: &lt;/strong&gt;The primary outcomes of the Bayesian network meta-analysis were inotropic support requirements, treatment failure/persistent fever, left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, need for adjuvant immunotherapy, mortality and coronary artery dilatation/aneurysm. Secondary outcomes included length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), duration of fever, and duration of inotropic support.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The primary analysis included fourteen cohort studies with a total of 4,269 participants. According to moderate-quality evidence, combination therapy demonstrated the most significant reduction in the need for adjuvant immunotherapy compared to IVIG alone [OR 0.29, 95% CI (0.19, 0.45)]. Additionally, GCs monotherapy was found to be most effective in lowering the incidence of treatment failure [OR 0.23, 95% CI (0.14, 0.39)]. When compared to combination therapy, GCs monotherapy was associated with a reduction in ICU length of stay [SMD -0.25, 95% CI (-0.85, 0.36)], duration of fever (SMD [-0.42, 95% CI (-0.73, -0.11)], and duration of inotropic support [SMD -0.13, 95% CI (-0.46, 0.20)], as well as a decrease in the incidence of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction [OR 0.96, 95% CI (0.55, 1.68)]. Furthermore, GCs monotherapy had the lowest incidence of coronary artery dilation/aneurysm, while combination therapy required the least inotropic support. Patients receiving IVIG had the lowest mortality rate, but no statistically significant mortality differences existed across treatment groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions and relevance: &lt;/strong&gt;GCs monotherapy significantly reduces treatment failure rates and persistent fever duration, while combination therapy significantly reduces the need for adjunctive immunotherapy. For countries with limited access to IVIG, initiating GCs as f","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1545788"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Third-day weight changes and bronchopulmonary dysplasia risk in preterm infants: a cohort study.","authors":"Wenqian Chen, Wenhong Cai, Zhen Lin, Xiaofeng Ye, Bingjie Chen, Susu Mei, Tingting Huang, Yanli Ren","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1592069","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1592069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Fluid balance and weight changes in the early postnatal period are critical indicators of neonatal adaptation and have been implicated in the development of complications in preterm infants. However, the relationship between early weight changes and the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between weight change by the third day of life and the subsequent risk of BPD in preterm infants.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A retrospective cohort study included preterm infants <32 weeks gestation or <1,500 g birth weight. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between weight change by day 3 (percentage change from birth weight) and BPD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 453 infants, 97.4% (<i>n</i> = 441) had weight changes between -15% and 5%, with a BPD incidence of 34.2%. Each 1% increase in weight change by day 3 was linked to a 10% increase in BPD risk (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03-1.18). Infants without weight loss had a 2.52-fold higher BPD risk (OR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.34-4.80).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Weight loss byday 3 is associated with a lower BPD risk in preterm infants. The day 3 weight change is a noninvasive and simple early predictor of BPD, and optimizing early fluid management to guide appropriate weight changes may help reduce BPD incidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1592069"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12148873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Pulmonary arterial hypertension in children caused by a new mutation in the <i>BMPR2</i> gene.","authors":"Ting Tang, Shuqi Wu, Chang Peng, Li Wang","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1572733","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1572733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and severe condition that has been linked to hereditary factors. Mutations in the gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (<i>BMPR2</i>) have been identified as a cause of heritable PAH. We report the discovery of a novel point mutation combined with a deletion insertion mutation (c.621+2T>C/c.621+5_621+11delinsA) in the <i>BMPR2</i> gene of an 11-year-old PAH patient lacking a family history of genetic disease (Clinical trial number: not applicable). This report expands the genetic landscape and offers a scientific foundation for early disease detection, personalized treatment strategies, and genetic counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1572733"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12148847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a machine learning model for in-hospital mortality prediction in children under 5 years with heart failure.","authors":"Huasheng Lv, Fengyu Sun, Teng Yuan, Haoliang Shen, Lazaiyi Baheti, You Chen","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1608334","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1608334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart failure (HF) in children under five years of age carries a high risk of in-hospital mortality, yet existing pediatric risk assessment tools lack specificity for this population. There is a pressing need for reliable, interpretable prediction models tailored to pediatric HF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 630 hospitalized children under five with heart failure from 2013 to 2024. After excluding those with uncorrected congenital heart disease or terminal comorbidities, 67 variables were assessed, and seven key predictors were identified using the Boruta algorithm. Six machine learning models were developed; the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) model was selected and interpreted using SHAP. External validation included 73 additional cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The XGB model achieved high predictive performance (AUC: 0.916 training, 0.851 internal validation, 0.846 external validation). The top predictors were NT-proBNP, pH, PCT, LDH, WBC, creatinine, and platelet count. SHAP analysis confirmed the clinical relevance of these variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents a reliable, interpretable machine learning model for predicting in-hospital mortality in young children with heart failure. It holds promise for early risk stratification and timely intervention, potentially improving outcomes in this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1608334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low molecular weight heparin calcium sequential rivaroxaban for the treatment of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and cortical venous infarction in children with nephrotic syndrome: case report.","authors":"Xiumin Zhang, Juan Yang, Cuicui Guo, Jingcai Wang","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1566114","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1566114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), though exceedingly rare, represents a serious complication in pediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS). We describe an 11-year-old male with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) maintained on prednisone/tacrolimus therapy who subsequently developed CVST. The patient manifested respiratory/gastrointestinal symptoms (cough, diarrhea) followed by neurologic deterioration featuring headache, seizures, and altered consciousness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) confirmed transverse sinus thrombosis with cortical venous infarction. A 5-day course of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) followed by rivaroxaban achieved safe thrombus resolution, supporting this anticoagulation protocol in pediatric NS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1566114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}