Frontiers in Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Single-center analysis of servo-controlled cooling during the transport of neonates with perinatal asphyxia.","authors":"Lingzhu Huang, Qiru Su, Weimin Huang, Xueling Lu, Yu Lan Chen, Xue Yang, Jingbo Jiang","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1562736","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1562736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the safety and efficacy of servo-controlled cooling during the transport of neonates with perinatal asphyxia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective non-randomized case-control study at a single-center,which included 65 neonates diagnosed with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE). These neonates were referred by the Shenzhen Children's Hospital medical transport team between January 2020 and June 2024. All subjects received 72 h of mild hypothermia treatment upon admission. Participants were categorized into an active group and a control group based on the use of servo-controlled cooling during transport. To evaluate differences in clinical characteristics, transport variables, and hospitalization outcomes between the two groups, we employed independent samples <i>t</i>-tests, Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> tests, and <i>χ</i> ² tests for inter-group comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 65 subjects, there were 42 males and 23 females. The active group comprised 17 patients, while the control group included 48. No statistically significant differences were observed in sex, gestational age, birth weight, or HIE grade between the two groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05). In comparison to the control group, the active group experienced a shorter duration from leaving the referral center to reaching the target temperature (1 h vs. 2.67 h, Z = -4.513, <i>P</i> < 0.05), arrived at the treatment center at a lower temperature (34.03°C vs. 35.6°C, t = -4.991, <i>P</i> < 0.05), and demonstrated a higher proportion of patients within the target temperature range upon arrival [88.2% (15/17) vs. 16.7% (8/48), <i>χ</i> ² = -0.774, <i>P</i> < 0.05]. Additionally, the length of hospitalization was shorter for the active group (15 days vs. 19 days, Z = -2.835, <i>P</i> < 0.05). The proportion of patients in the severe range on the aEEG recorded on the third day of cooling was higher in the control group [45.8% (22/48) vs. 11.8% (2/17), Z = -2.042, <i>P</i> < 0.05].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Active therapeutic hypothermia during transport is both safe and feasible.It enables a more rapid and stable achievement of the target temperature, enhances short-term EEG outcomes, and may serve as the preferred method for transporting neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE).</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1562736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity as a protective factor in the mood of children and adolescents: association with overweight and obesity.","authors":"Alexandro Andrade, Keyla Mara Dos Santos, Anderson D'Oliveira, Verônica Maria Claudino, Whyllerton Mayron da Cruz","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1494998","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1494998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sedentary children and adolescents are more susceptible to developing diseases, obesity and psychological disorders, but little is known about the relationship between physical activity (PA), body mass index (BMI) and mood state in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study with the participation of 2,757 students, aged between 10 and 19 years. The Brunel Mood Scale-BRUMS was used to assess the dimensions of tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue and mental confusion, and the PA questionnaire for children and adolescents was used to assess the practice of PA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant difference between the eutrophic and overweight BMI groups for the mood states of depression (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and vigor (<i>p</i> = 0.047). On the other hand, the overweight (4.06 ± 4.3) and obese (3.85 ± 4.0) groups had the highest rates of depression. It was observed that a higher BMI was associated with depression, anger and fatigue in children and adolescents and that PA can explain 39% of vigor in this population (F = 103.062, <i>p</i> = 0.000; <i>R</i> ² = 0.039). Active children and adolescents had twice as much vigor as inactive ones. There were differences between males and females, and between active and inactive individuals, in depression, anger, vigor, fatigue and confusion. There was a tendency for overweight and obese children and adolescents to have higher rates of depression when compared to underweight or normal-weight individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The practice of physical activity (PA) was shown to have a positive effect on mood, with active children and adolescents reporting lower levels of depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion, and higher levels of vigor. These findings underscore the importance of PA as a protective factor against mood disturbances in this population, highlighting its potential role in improving emotional well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1494998"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11967400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity in adolescents of different family socioeconomic status: the moderating role of gender.","authors":"Ting Zhang, Ming Li, Feng Zhang, Xiaofang Yang, Pengwei Sun, Xiaojian Yin, Yuan Liu, Yaru Guo","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1559554","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1559554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the association between family socioeconomic status (SES) and the physical activity (PA) levels of adolescents, as well as the moderating effect of gender on this relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 10,327 Chinese adolescents aged 12-17 were recruited to complete questionnaires regarding their SES and PA levels. \"Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents Aged 7-18 Years\" was utilized to examine the specific items, intensity, duration, and frequency of PA. The Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney U test were employed to compare PA time among adolescents across different groups. To analyze the interaction effect between gender and SES, the Scheirer-Ray-Hare test was conducted using R software. Additionally, SPSSAU was utilized to examine the moderating effect of gender and SES on PA.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>(1) Different intensities of PA: Overall, the times for LPA, MPA, VPA, MVPA, and TPA in the low SES group were 190 (100, 400) minutes, 190 (80, 400) minutes, 60 (0, 160) minutes, 290 (150, 570) minutes, and 580 (345, 925) minutes, respectively.The duration of PA at each intensity level in the low SES group was significantly lower compared to that in the middle and high SES groups (all <i>P</i>-values < 0.05). (2) Different PA types: The low SES group exhibited the shortest durations for both transportation PA (260 min) and exercise PA (155 min), while household PA was the longest (15 min)(all <i>P</i>-values < 0.05). (3) Moderating effect test: After controlling for relevant variables, the interaction term coefficient between gender and SES was statistically significant (B = -19.141, <i>t</i> = -2.059, <i>P</i> <i><</i> 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adolescents from low SES backgrounds exhibited the lowest levels of MVPA and TPA, which were mainly manifested in transportation PA and exercise PA. Gender moderates the relationship between SES and MVPA, with different SES levels having a more pronounced effect on PA in boys than in girls.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1559554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contextual factors associated with neonatal pain responses: clinical observational study.","authors":"Xinling Zhan, Nanxi Zhu, Bingjie Long, Zechuan Wang, Rui Miao, Gang Wang, Juan Chen, Chi Huang, Lu Xiong, Yi Huang, Simon Ching Lam, Lianhong Wang, Renli Deng","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1508320","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1508320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to identify the contextual factors of neonatal pain responses and provide clinical medical staff with evidence regarding effective means of evaluating neonatal pain and strengthen clinical pain management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two trained nurses independently used the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) to assess the pain scores of 198 neonates after they underwent painful medical procedures. Univariate linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between contextual factors and NIPS scores. Variables with statistically significant differences (<i>p</i> <i><</i> 0.2) after univariate linear regression analysis were selected as independent variables, and the NIPS score was used as the dependent variable. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the salient factors associated with neonatal pain responses. This study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300074086).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Univariate linear regression analysis showed that the NIPS scores were associated with days after birth, types of painful procedures, Apgar scores at 1 min after birth, and gestational age (GA) (<i>p</i> < 0.2). Multiple regression analysis showed that Apgar score at 1 min after birth (<i>β</i> = 0.272, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and GA (<i>β</i> = 0.503, <i>p</i> < 0.001) were independent associated factors of neonatal pain responses. Neonates with low Apgar scores at 1 min after birth and younger GA had less pronounced pain responses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Apgar score at 1 min after birth and GA affected the neonatal pain responses. In this regard, the current clinical method of pain assessment solely through observation of neonatal pain responses is occasionally inaccurate. The Apgar score at 1 min after birth and GA should be considered in determining the neonatal pain status and hence enhance the quality of neonatal pain management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1508320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965682/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic evaluations of human milk for very preterm infants: a systematic review.","authors":"Anfeng Lu, Peilu Huang, Xin Guo, Li Zhu, Lei Bi, Ruirui Xing, Zhangbin Yu, Hong Tang, Guosheng Huang","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1534773","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1534773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Very preterm infants are highly vulnerable to complications, imposing a significant economic burden on healthcare systems. Human milk has protective effects on these infants, but there is no systematic review on its economic impact.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive review of studies assessing the economic evaluations of human milk for very preterm infants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our literature search covered PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Two reviewers independently extracted data on economic evaluations and assessed study quality using the Pediatric Quality Appraisal Questionnaire (PQAQ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen studies of moderate quality, conducted in the United States, Germany, and Canada, met the inclusion criteria. However, the studies analyzed had notable variations and shortcomings. The majority of these studies (<i>n</i> = 11) performed economic evaluations from a healthcare system perspective, utilizing cost-consequence analysis (<i>n</i> = 6) up to the point of neonatal discharge (<i>n</i> = 11). All human milk interventions indicated cost-effective or cost saving results; only a minority included discounting (<i>n</i> = 2).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This systematic review suggests that economic evaluation of human milk for very preterm infants is an expanding area of research. Human milk for very preterm infants offers substantial economic advantages during neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization. Standardized and high-quality studies are needed to determine the cost-effectiveness of human milk for very preterm infants in the future.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier (CRD42024539574).</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1534773"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical outcomes and relapse patterns in pediatric acute leukemia patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation: a multicenter Brazilian experience.","authors":"Polliany Roberta Dorini Pelegrina, Rita de Cassia Barbosa Tavares, Adriana Mello Rodrigues, Gisele Loth, Samantha Nichele, Cilmara Kuwahara, Fernanda Moreira de Lara Benini, Carolina Martins de Almeida Peixoto, Juliana Bach, Joanna Trennepohl, Lara Maria Miranda de Gouvea, Rafaella Muratori, Adriana Koliski, Rebeca Toassa Gomes, Marcia Quiroga, Simone Pereira Lermontov, Valeria Gonçalves da Silva, Ana Paula de Azambuja, Margareth Kleina Feitosa, Alberto Cardoso Martins Lima, Carmem Bonfim","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1573334","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1573334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) represents a well-established therapeutic strategy for high-risk leukemia, though post-transplant relapse remains a significant challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings.</p><p><strong>Procedure: </strong>In this retrospective study, we analyzed medical records of 310 pediatric patients (age < 18 years) who underwent HCT for acute leukemias at four Brazilian institutions between 2010 and 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort included patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; 74.2%) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML; 25.8%). The median age was 9.52 years (range: 0.25-17.97), with male predominance (68.3%). Total body irradiation (TBI)-based conditioning was utilized in 72.6% of cases, and bone marrow served as the predominant graft source (74.5%). Prior to transplantation, 46.5% of patients were in first complete remission. Post-transplant relapse occurred in 36.7% of patients at a median of 245 days (range: 38-2,505). With a median follow-up of 2,019 days (5.5 years), overall survival was 69.3% at one year, declining to 62.4% at two years. The cumulative incidence of relapse was 12.6%, 28.8%, and 33.4% at 100 days, one year, and two years post-HCT, respectively. Adjusted analysis revealed increased relapse risk in patients with mixed donor chimerism, positive minimal residual disease (MRD) status before HCT, and disease status beyond first complete remission (including CR2, advanced disease, and refractory disease).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings underscore the elevated relapse risk associated with advanced disease status, positive pre-HCT MRD, and mixed donor chimerism post-transplant. Future interventions should prioritize improving diagnostic capabilities, expanding access to modern treatment protocols, and facilitating early referral to transplant centers, particularly for aggressive disease presentations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1573334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the global, regional, and national burden of congenital heart disease in infants younger than 1 year: a 1990-2021 systematic analysis for the GBD study 2021.","authors":"Lili Deng, Qinhong Li, Zugen Cheng","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1467914","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1467914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous estimates of congenital heart disease (CHD) have been constrained by limited data sources, narrow geographic focus, and a lack of specific assessment of infants younger than 1 year. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021, this research provides comprehensive estimates of mortality, prevalence, and disability attributable to CHD in infants under 1 year. The study encompasses data from 204 countries and territories, covering the period from 1990 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional analysis utilized data from the 2021 GBD study, encompassing 204 countries and territories. The study focused on infants under 1 year of age with CHD. The GBD dataset was accessed on June 10, 2024.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>The primary outcomes included prevalence, all-cause, and cause-specific mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and the corresponding estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs). Trends were stratified by region, country, age, and Sociodemographic Index (SDI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, CHD resulted in 250,811.32 deaths globally [95% uncertainty interval (UI), 207,821.56-304,084.49], representing a 52.58% decrease from 1990. Among these, 167,985.02 deaths (95% UI, 138,221.77-208,321.59) occurred in infants younger than 1 year. In infants under 1 year old, the 1990 mortality rate for CHD ranked behind neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma, diarrheal diseases, neonatal preterm birth, and lower respiratory infections. By 2021, its mortality rates had decreased to the eighth leading cause of death.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>CHD remains a significant and rapidly escalating global challenge in child health. While it is difficult to significantly reduce the prevalence of CHD, especially in complex cases, advances in prenatal diagnosis and the availability of medical termination of pregnancy in certain regions have led to demographic changes. Additionally, birth rates, typically lower in high-SDI countries, also influence the prevalence of CHD. Given these factors, the focus should be on improving survival outcomes and quality of life for affected infants. Our findings reveal substantial global disparities in prevalence among infants under 1 year, emphasizing the need for policy reforms that address screening, treatment, and data collection to mitigate these disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1467914"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11966173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IL-36RN gene: key insights into its role in pediatric pustular psoriasis pathogenesis and treatment.","authors":"Ye Wang, Mingyue Li, Changcheng Hou, Yueyue Wang, Jing Guo, Xurui Wang","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1520804","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1520804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric pustular psoriasis (PPP) is an autoimmune skin disease that seriously affects the physical and mental health of children. The IL-36RN (Interleukin-36 Receptor Antagonist) gene plays a key role in the pathogenesis of PPP. This review comprehensively elaborates on the research progress of IL-36RN in the context of the pathogenesis and treatment of PPP, covering the basic structure, function, mutation sites and types, and inheritance patterns of the gene and its role in the pathogenesis of PPP. In addition, we discussed the frequency of IL-36RN mutations in patients with different types of PPP and the treatment methods for these patients, aiming to provide a valuable reference for further research and treatment of this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1520804"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11964088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive analysis of dominant hand grip strength among young children aged 6-15 years using machine learning techniques: a decision tree and regression analysis.","authors":"Mastour Saeed Alshahrani, Resmi Ann Thomas, Paul Silvian Samuel, Venkata Nagaraj Kakaraparthi, Ravi Shankar Reddy, Snehil Dixit","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1569913","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1569913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate and understand predictor variables and isolate the exact roles of anthropometric and demographic variables in the hand grip strength of young children.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In total, 315 male and female children participated in the study and 11 participants were excluded, therefore, 304 participants completed the assessments. Anthropometric measurements were collected at the time of study, along with age, height, weight, circumference of the hand, hand span, hand length, palm length, and hand grip strength (HGS) was measured. Both decision tree and regression machine learning analyses were used to isolate the relative contribution of independent features in predicting the targeted grip strength of children.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two predictive models were developed to understand the role of predictor variables in dominant hand HGS for both boys and girls. For boys, the decision tree was found to be the best model with the lowest error in predicting HGS. The respondents' age, hand span, and weight were the most significant contributors to male hand grip strength. For the boys under 9.5 years of age, based on the decision tree analysis, weight (split at 27.5 kg) was found to be the most significant predictor. Furthermore, for the boys under 14.5 years of age, weight (split at 46.7 kg) remained the most important predictor. For boys 14.5 years and older, hand span was important in predicting handgrip strength. Backward regression was found to be the best model for predicting female hand grip strength. The <i>R</i> ² value for the model was 0.6646 and the significant variables were body mass index (BMI), hand length, hand span, and palm length, showing significance at a <i>p</i>-value of ≤0.05. This model predicted 66.46% of the variance in handgrip strength among the girls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Anthropometric factors played a significant role in hand grip strength. Age, weight, and a larger hand span were found to be significant in impacting male HGS, while BMI, hand length, and palm length contributed to higher grip strength among the girls.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1569913"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high-sensitivity, high-throughput newborn screening assay for congenital cytomegalovirus-is it time for universal screening in the United Kingdom?","authors":"H Payne, M Aaltoranta, V Veikkolainen, N Kent, T Gkouleli, A Lennon, T Ramgoolam, S P Adams","doi":"10.3389/fped.2025.1543132","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fped.2025.1543132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is the leading cause of neurodevelopmental and hearing impairment resulting from <i>in utero</i> infection, affecting over a million infants globally each year. Early antiviral treatment can limit sequelae; however, most newborns are diagnosed late-or not at all-due to the lack of universal screening. Ensuring the availability of appropriate screening tools is critical to facilitate accurate and timely cCMV diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A high-sensitivity, high-throughput commercial CMV PCR kit targeting the RRP30 control gene and a conserved region of CMV DNA was provided by Revvity and tested in three population groups: (1) leftover dried blood spot (DBS) samples from the UK newborn screening programme, (2) DBS samples from children with CMV viraemia unrelated to cCMV, and (3) DBS and dried saliva samples from infants with and without cCMV.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 3,345 anonymised newborn DBS samples analysed, CMV was detected in 22 cases (0.66%), with a mean cycle threshold value of 36.70 (range 31.87-41.68). Assay development demonstrated a sensitivity of 2.04 CMV IU per reaction. This level of sensitivity was replicated using DBS samples prepared from infant/child blood samples with known levels of CMV, suggesting that the sensitivity reflects 2,000-3,000 CMV IU/mL blood.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We demonstrated high analytical sensitivity of the qPCR assay with an optimal extraction protocol, making it an effective strategy for cCMV screening using DBS samples. These data suggest a potential cCMV incidence rate of up to 0.66% in the United Kingdom, equivalent to 3,960 infants per year, 25% of whom may develop long-term sequelae, which could be improved through early diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1543132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}