Neonatal anemia due to spontaneous fetomaternal hemorrhage in a term neonate: a case report of an incidental finding and brief review.

IF 2 3区医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS

Frontiers in Pediatrics Pub Date : 2025-09-22 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fped.2025.1625557

Xinxin Hao, Yuyu Zhang, Chang Gao, Qiushi Wang

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Abstract

Fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) is a rare perinatal condition characterized by the transplacental transfer of fetal erythrocytes into the maternal circulation. It poses significant risks, including fetal anemia, hydrops fetalis, and maternal alloimmunization, and often remains underdiagnosed due to non-specific clinical presentations and limited diagnostic accessibility. We present a case of a term neonate delivered via cesarean section at 38 weeks' gestation who exhibited severe anemia and hyperbilirubinemia. Blood group analysis revealed maternal-neonatal Rh incompatibility, while flow cytometry quantified 2.0% fetal erythrocytes in maternal blood. This case underscores the diagnostic value of integrating blood group serology and flow cytometry in FMH confirmation, particularly when standard tests yield equivocal results. A multidisciplinary evaluation of the fetus is the key to early diagnosis and intervention to improve the clinical outcome of perinatal infants.

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新生儿贫血由于自发性胎母出血在足月新生儿：一个偶然发现的病例报告和简要回顾。

胎母出血（FMH）是一种罕见的围产期疾病，其特征是经胎盘将胎儿红细胞转移到母体循环中。它具有重大风险，包括胎儿贫血、胎儿水肿和母体同种异体免疫，并且由于非特异性临床表现和诊断可及性有限，通常仍未得到诊断。我们提出一个病例足月新生儿通过剖宫产分娩在妊娠38周谁表现出严重贫血和高胆红素血症。血型分析显示母新生儿Rh不相容，而流式细胞术定量了母体血液中2.0%的胎儿红细胞。本病例强调了血型血清学和流式细胞术在FMH确诊中的诊断价值，特别是当标准测试产生模棱两可的结果时。多学科的胎儿评估是早期诊断和干预以改善围产儿临床预后的关键。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Pediatrics Medicine-Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

7.70%

发文量

2132

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Pediatrics (Impact Factor 2.33) publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research broadly across the field, from basic to clinical research that meets ongoing challenges in pediatric patient care and child health. Field Chief Editors Arjan Te Pas at Leiden University and Michael L. Moritz at the Children''s Hospital of Pittsburgh are supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international experts. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, clinicians and the public worldwide. Frontiers in Pediatrics also features Research Topics, Frontiers special theme-focused issues managed by Guest Associate Editors, addressing important areas in pediatrics. In this fashion, Frontiers serves as an outlet to publish the broadest aspects of pediatrics in both basic and clinical research, including high-quality reviews, case reports, editorials and commentaries related to all aspects of pediatrics.