{"title":"Quadratic Forms in 8 Prime Variables","authors":"Ben Green","doi":"10.1007/s00039-025-00727-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00039-025-00727-9","url":null,"abstract":"We give an asymptotic for the number of prime solutions to <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$Q(x_{1},dots , x_{8}) = N$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mi>Q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>…</mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> , subject to a mild non-degeneracy condition on the homogeneous quadratic form <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$Q$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mi>Q</mml:mi> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> . The argument initially proceeds via the circle method, but this does not suffice by itself. To obtain a nontrivial bound on certain averages of exponential sums, we interpret these sums as matrix coefficients for the Weil representation of the symplectic group <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$operatorname {Sp}_{8}(mathbf{Z}/qmathbf{Z})$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>Sp</mml:mo> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> . Averages of such matrix coefficients are then bounded using an amplification argument and a convergence result for convolutions of measures, which reduces matters to understanding the action of certain 12-dimensional subgroups in the Weil representation. Sufficient understanding can be gained by using the basic represention theory of <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$operatorname {SL}_{2}(k)$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>SL</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> , <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$k$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> a finite field.","PeriodicalId":12478,"journal":{"name":"Geometric and Functional Analysis","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145680180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sharp Bound for the Erdős–Straus Non-averaging Set Problem","authors":"Huy Tuan Pham, Dmitrii Zakharov","doi":"10.1007/s00039-025-00728-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00039-025-00728-8","url":null,"abstract":"A set of integers <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$A$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> is <jats:italic>non-averaging</jats:italic> if there is no element <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$a$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> in <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$A$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> which can be written as an average of a subset of <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$A$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> not containing <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$a$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> . We show that the largest non-averaging subset of <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>${1, ldots , n}$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>…</mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> has size <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$n^{1/4+o(1)}$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>o</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> , thus solving the Erdős–Straus problem. We also determine the largest size of a non-averaging set in a <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$d$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> -dimensional box for any fixed <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$d$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> . Our main tool includes the structure theorem for the set of subset sums due to Conlon, Fox and the first author, together with a result about the structure of a point set in nearly convex position.","PeriodicalId":12478,"journal":{"name":"Geometric and Functional Analysis","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145657528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sharpness and Locality for Percolation on Finite Transitive Graphs","authors":"Philip Easo","doi":"10.1007/s00039-025-00726-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00039-025-00726-w","url":null,"abstract":"Let <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$(G_{n}) = left ((V_{n},E_{n})right )$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> be a sequence of finite connected vertex-transitive graphs with uniformly bounded vertex degrees such that <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$lvert V_{n} rvert to infty $</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> as <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$n to infty $</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> . We say that percolation on <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$G_{n}$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> has a <jats:italic>sharp</jats:italic> phase transition (as <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$n to infty $</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> ) if, as the percolation parameter crosses some critical point, the number of vertices contained in the largest percolation cluster jumps from logarithmic to linear order with high probability. We prove that percolation on <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$G_{n}$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> has a sharp phase transition unless, after passing to a subsequence, the rescaled graph-metric on <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$G_{n}$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> (rapidly) converges to the unit circle with respect to the Gromov-Hausdorff metric. We deduce that under the same hypothesis, the critical point for the emergence of a giant (i.e. linear-sized) cluster in <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:t","PeriodicalId":12478,"journal":{"name":"Geometric and Functional Analysis","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingfeng Chen, Shengwen Gan, Shaoming Guo, Jonathan Hickman, Marina Iliopoulou, James Wright
{"title":"Oscillatory Integral Operators and Variable Schrödinger Propagators: Beyond the Universal Estimates","authors":"Mingfeng Chen, Shengwen Gan, Shaoming Guo, Jonathan Hickman, Marina Iliopoulou, James Wright","doi":"10.1007/s00039-025-00724-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00039-025-00724-y","url":null,"abstract":"We consider a class of Hörmander-type oscillatory integral operators in <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$mathbb{R}^{n}$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> for <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$n geq 3$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> odd with real analytic phase. We derive weak conditions on the phase which ensure <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$L^{p}$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> bounds beyond the universal <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$p geq 2 cdot frac{n+1}{n-1}$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>⋅</mml:mo> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfrac> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> range guaranteed by Stein’s oscillatory integral theorem. This expands and elucidates pioneering work of Bourgain from the early 1990s. We also consider a closely related class of variable coefficient Schrödinger propagator-type operators, and show that the corresponding theory differs significantly from that of the Hörmander-type operators. The main ingredient in the proof is a curved Kakeya/Nikodym maximal function estimate. This is established by combining the polynomial method with certain uniform sublevel set estimates for real analytic functions. The sublevel set estimates are the main novelty in the argument and can be interpreted as a form of quantification of linear independence in the <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$C^{omega }$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> category.","PeriodicalId":12478,"journal":{"name":"Geometric and Functional Analysis","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145545972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Circle Bundles with PSC over Large Manifolds","authors":"Aditya Kumar, Balarka Sen","doi":"10.1007/s00039-025-00723-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00039-025-00723-z","url":null,"abstract":"We construct infinitely many examples of macroscopically large manifolds of dimension <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$m geq 4$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> equipped with circle bundles whose total spaces admit metrics of positive scalar curvature and have macroscopic dimension at most <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$lceil m/2 rceil + 1$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mo>⌈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>⌉</mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> . In particular, we answer a question of Gromov on the existence of circle bundles over enlargeable manifolds whose total spaces admit metrics of positive scalar curvature, in all dimensions. Our constructions are based on techniques from symplectic geometry.","PeriodicalId":12478,"journal":{"name":"Geometric and Functional Analysis","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145404392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mixing for Dynamical Systems Driven by Stationary Noises","authors":"Sergei Kuksin, Armen Shirikyan","doi":"10.1007/s00039-025-00722-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00039-025-00722-0","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the problem of long-time asymptotic behaviour of solutions for classes of ODEs and PDEs, perturbed by stationary noises. The latter are not assumed to be <inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>δ</mml:mi></mml:math><tex-math>documentclass[12pt]{minimal} usepackage{amsmath} usepackage{wasysym} usepackage{amsfonts} usepackage{amssymb} usepackage{amsbsy} usepackage{mathrsfs} usepackage{upgreek} setlength{oddsidemargin}{-69pt} begin{document}$delta $end{document}</tex-math><inline-graphic mime-subtype=\"GIF\" specific-use=\"web\" xlink:href=\"39_2025_722_Article_IEq1.gif\"></inline-graphic></alternatives></inline-formula>-correlated in time, therefore the evolution in question is not necessarily Markovian. We first prove an abstract result which implies the mixing for random dynamical systems satisfying appropriate dissipativity and controllability conditions. It is applicable to a large class of evolution equations, and we illustrate this on the examples of a chain of anharmonic oscillators coupled to heat reservoirs, the 2d Navier–Stokes system, and a complex Ginzburg–Landau equation. Our results also apply to the general theory of random processes on the 1d lattice and allow one to get for them results related to Dobrushin’s theorems on reconstructing processes via their conditional distributions. The proof is based on an iterative construction with Newton’s quadratic approximation. It uses the method of Kantorovich functional, introduced earlier by the authors in the context of randomly forced PDEs, and some ideas used by them in the Markovian case to prove mixing with the help of controllability properties of an associated system.","PeriodicalId":12478,"journal":{"name":"Geometric and Functional Analysis","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145914890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dorin Bucur, Richard S. Laugesen, Eloi Martinet, Mickaël Nahon
{"title":"Spherical Caps do Not Always Maximize Neumann Eigenvalues on the Sphere","authors":"Dorin Bucur, Richard S. Laugesen, Eloi Martinet, Mickaël Nahon","doi":"10.1007/s00039-025-00721-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00039-025-00721-1","url":null,"abstract":"We prove the existence of an open set <inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Ω</mml:mi><mml:mo>⊂</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">S</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math><tex-math>documentclass[12pt]{minimal} usepackage{amsmath} usepackage{wasysym} usepackage{amsfonts} usepackage{amssymb} usepackage{amsbsy} usepackage{mathrsfs} usepackage{upgreek} setlength{oddsidemargin}{-69pt} begin{document}$Omega subset mathbb{S}^{2}$end{document}</tex-math><inline-graphic mime-subtype=\"GIF\" specific-use=\"web\" xlink:href=\"39_2025_721_Article_IEq1.gif\"></inline-graphic></alternatives></inline-formula> for which the first positive eigenvalue of the Laplacian with Neumann boundary condition exceeds that of the geodesic disk having the same area. This example holds for large areas and contrasts with results by Bandle and later authors proving the maximality of the disk under additional topological or geometric conditions, thereby revealing such conditions to be necessary.","PeriodicalId":12478,"journal":{"name":"Geometric and Functional Analysis","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145914889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}