Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Predicting improvement in biofeedback gait training using short-term spectral features from minimum foot clearance data","authors":"Nandini Sengupta, Rezaul Begg, Aravinda S. Rao, Soheil Bajelan, Catherine M. Said, Marimuthu Palaniswami","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1417497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1417497","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke rehabilitation interventions require multiple training sessions and repeated assessments to evaluate the improvements from training. Biofeedback-based treadmill training often involves 10 or more sessions to determine its effectiveness. The training and assessment process incurs time, labor, and cost to determine whether the training produces positive outcomes. Predicting the effectiveness of gait training based on baseline minimum foot clearance (MFC) data would be highly beneficial, potentially saving resources, costs, and patient time. This work proposes novel features using the Short-term Fourier Transform (STFT)-based magnitude spectrum of MFC data to predict the effectiveness of biofeedback training. This approach enables tracking non-stationary dynamics and capturing stride-to-stride MFC value fluctuations, providing a compact representation for efficient processing compared to time-domain analysis alone. The proposed STFT-based features outperform existing wavelet, histogram, and Poincaré-based features with a maximum accuracy of 95%, F1 score of 96%, sensitivity of 93.33% and specificity of 100%. The proposed features are also statistically significant (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic><jats:inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo></mml:math></jats:inline-formula>0.001) compared to the descriptive statistical features extracted from the MFC series and the tone and entropy features extracted from the MFC percentage index series. The study found that short-term spectral components and the windowed mean value (DC value) possess predictive capabilities regarding the success of biofeedback training. The higher spectral amplitude and lower variance in the lower frequency zone indicate lower chances of improvement, while the lower spectral amplitude and higher variance indicate higher chances of improvement.","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating conductive electrodes into hydrogel-based microfluidic chips for real-time monitoring of cell response","authors":"Ayda Pourmostafa, Anant Bhusal, Niranjan Haridas Menon, Zhenglong Li, Sagnik Basuray, Amir K. Miri","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1421592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1421592","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional real-time screening in organs-on-chips is limited to optical tracking of pre-tagged cells and biological agents. This work introduces an efficient biofabrication protocol to integrate tunable hydrogel electrodes into 3D bioprinted-on-chips. We established our method of fabricating cell-laden hydrogel-based microfluidic chips through digital light processing-based 3D bioprinting. Our conductive ink includes poly-(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) microparticles doped in polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA). We optimized the manufacturing process of PEDOT: PSS microparticles characterized our conductive ink for different 3D bioprinting parameters, geometries, and materials conditions. While the literature is limited to 0.5% w/v for PEDOT: PSS microparticle concentration, we increased their concentration to 5% w/v with superior biological responses. We measured the conductivity in the 3–15 m/m for a range of 0.5%–5% w/v microparticles, and we showed the effectiveness of 3D-printed electrodes for predicting cell responses when encapsulated in gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA). Interestingly, a higher cellular activity was observed in the case of 5% w/v microparticles compared to 0.5% w/v microparticles. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements indicated significant differences in cell densities and spheroid sizes embedded in GelMA microtissues.","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of dynamic responses of skin simulant against fragment impact through experiments and concurrent computational modeling","authors":"Punit Kumar Pandey, S. G. Ganpule","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1422685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1422685","url":null,"abstract":"Perforation of the skin by fragment impact is a key determinant of the severity of an injury and incapacitation during modern asymmetric warfare. Computational models validated against experimental data are thus desired for simulating the responses of a skin simulant against fragment impact. Toward this end, experiments and concurrent computational modeling were used to investigate the dynamic responses of the skin simulant against fragment impact. Fragment simulating projectiles (FSPs) of masses 1.10 g and 2.79 g were considered herein, and the responses of the skin simulant were investigated in terms of the threshold velocity, energy density, peak displacement, and failure mechanisms. The results illustrate numerous salient aspects. The skin simulant failure involved cavity shearing followed by elastic hole enlargement, and these results were sensitive to the strain rate. The best agreement between the simulated and experimental results was achieved when the input stress–strain curves to the simulation were based on the full spectrum of strain rates. When a single stress–strain curve corresponding to a specific strain rate was used as the input, the threshold velocity and peak displacement of the skin simulant were either underpredicted or overpredicted depending on the strain rate considered. The threshold velocity was also sensitive to the input failure strain; here, the best agreement was obtained when the failure strain was based on the theoretical limiting strain. When the FSP materials were changed to plastics, the threshold velocities increased by up to 33%; however, the energy densities and generated stresses exceeded the contusion and laceration thresholds of the skin.","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rotation of the hammer and performance in hammer throwing","authors":"Jiaru Huang, Leonardo A. Peyré-Tartaruga, Junlei Lin, Yu Shi, Wei Li","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1449465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1449465","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of hammer rotation on performance in hammer throwing.MethodsThe hammer’s velocity increment at different stages, the duration of rotations at different phases, and the horizontal azimuth angle and rotation radius at critical instants were calculated and compared between the long and short trials for 26 female athletes in actual competitions.ResultsCompared to short trials, female throwers’ long trials exhibited significantly larger release velocity (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001, ES = 1.42), greater velocity increment during the double support phase (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.006, ES = 0.59), shorter duration during the single support phase (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> ≤ 0.043, ES = 0.42–0.83), lower horizontal azimuth angle (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> ≤ 0.027, ES = 0.46–0.57), and longer rotational radius at critical instants (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> ≤ 0.021, ES = 0.48–0.73).ConclusionDuring the process from the hammer head’s low point to high point, athletes should focus on increasing the rotation radius of the hammer head and accelerating the right foot’s landing speed during the single support phase. This approach aims to reduce the hammer’s horizontal azimuth angle at the right foot touchdown, enhance the acceleration performance during the double support phase, and increase the release speed.","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different sensory integration tasks on the biomechanical characteristics of the lower limb during walking in patients with patellofemoral pain","authors":"Fan Ting, Zhang Zeyi","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1441027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1441027","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis study aimed to analyze the biomechanical characteristics of the lower limb in patients with patellofemoral pain (PFP) while walking under different sensory integration tasks and elucidate the relationship between these biomechanical characteristics and patellofemoral joint stress (PFJS). Our study’s findings may provide insights which could help to establish new approaches to treat and prevent PFP.MethodOverall, 28 male university students presenting with PFP were enrolled in this study. The kinematic and kinetic data of the participants during walking were collected. The effects of different sensory integration tasks including baseline (BL), Tactile integration task (TIT), listening integration task (LIT), visual integration task (VIT) on the biomechanical characteristics of the lower limb were examined using a One-way repeated measures ANOVA. The relationship between the aforementioned biomechanical characteristics and PFJS was investigated using Pearson correlation analysis.ResultsThe increased hip flexion angle (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.016), increased knee extension moment (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.047), decreased step length (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), decreased knee flexion angle (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.010), and decreased cadence (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) exhibited by patients with PFP while performing a VIT were associated with increased patellofemoral joint stress. The reduced cadence (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.050) achieved by patients with PFP when performing LIT were associated with increased patellofemoral joint stress.ConclusionVIT significantly influenced lower limb movement patterns during walking in patients with PFP. Specifically, the increased hip flexion angle, increased knee extension moment, decreased knee flexion angle, and decreased cadence resulting from this task may have increased PFJS and may have contributed to the recurrence of PFP. Similarly, patients with PFP often demonstrate a reduction in cadence when exposed to TIT and LIT. This may be the main trigger for increased PFJS under TIT and LIT.","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbially derived surfactants: an ecofriendly, innovative, and effective approach for managing environmental contaminants","authors":"Navdeep Singh, Xiao-Hu Hu, Vikash Kumar, Manoj Kumar Solanki, Amit Kaushik, Vipin Kumar Singh, Sandeep Kumar Singh, Priya Yadav, Rahul Prasad Singh, Nikunj Bhardwaj, Zhen Wang, Ajay Kumar","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1398210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1398210","url":null,"abstract":"The natural environment is often contaminated with hydrophobic pollutants such as long-chain hydrocarbons, petrochemicals, oil spills, pesticides, and heavy metals. Hydrophobic pollutants with a toxic nature, slow degradation rates, and low solubility pose serious threats to the environment and human health. Decontamination based on conventional chemical surfactants has been found to be toxic, thereby limiting its application in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In contrast, biosurfactants synthesized by various microbial species have been considered superior to chemical counterparts due to their non-toxic and economical nature. Some biosurfactants can withstand a wide range of fluctuations in temperature and pH. Recently, biosurfactants have emerged as innovative biomolecules not only for solubilization but also for the biodegradation of environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons, and oil spills. Biosurfactants have been well documented to function as emulsifiers, dispersion stabilizers, and wetting agents. The amphiphilic nature of biosurfactants has the potential to enhance the solubility of hydrophobic pollutants such as petroleum hydrocarbons and oil spills by reducing interfacial surface tension after distribution in two immiscible surfaces. However, the remediation of contaminants using biosurfactants is affected considerably by temperature, pH, media composition, stirring rate, and microorganisms selected for biosurfactant production. The present review has briefly discussed the current advancements in microbially synthesized biosurfactants, factors affecting production, and their application in the remediation of environmental contaminants of a hydrophobic nature. In addition, the latest aspect of the circular bioeconomy is discussed in terms of generating biosurfactants from waste and the global economic aspects of biosurfactant production.","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regenerative therapies for lumbar degenerative disc diseases: a literature review","authors":"Takashi Sono, Koichiro Shima, Takayoshi Shimizu, Koichi Murata, Shuichi Matsuda, Bungo Otsuki","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1417600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1417600","url":null,"abstract":"This review aimed to summarize the recent advances and challenges in the field of regenerative therapies for lumbar disc degeneration. The current first-line treatment options for symptomatic lumbar disc degeneration cannot modify the disease process or restore the normal structure, composition, and biomechanical function of the degenerated discs. Cell-based therapies tailored to facilitate intervertebral disc (IVD) regeneration have been developed to restore the IVD extracellular matrix or mitigate inflammatory conditions. Human clinical trials on Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have reported promising outcomes exhibited by MSCs in reducing pain and improving function. Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells possess unique regenerative capacities. Biomaterials aimed at NP replacement in IVD regeneration, comprising synthetic and biological materials, aim to restore disc height and segmental stability without compromising the annulus fibrosus. Similarly, composite IVD replacements that combine various biomaterial strategies to mimic the native disc structure, including organized annulus fibrosus and NP components, have shown promise. Furthermore, preclinical studies on regenerative medicine therapies that utilize cells, biomaterials, growth factors, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and biological agents have demonstrated their promise in repairing degenerated lumbar discs. However, these therapies are associated with significant limitations and challenges that hinder their clinical translation. Thus, further studies must be conducted to address these challenges.","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent progress on smart lower prosthetic limbs: a comprehensive review on using EEG and fNIRS devices in rehabilitation","authors":"Nouf Jubran AlQahtani, Ibraheem Al-Naib, Murad Althobaiti","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1454262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1454262","url":null,"abstract":"The global rise in lower limb amputation cases necessitates advancements in prosthetic limb technology to enhance the quality of life for affected patients. This review paper explores recent advancements in the integration of EEG and fNIRS modalities for smart lower prosthetic limbs for rehabilitation applications. The paper synthesizes current research progress, focusing on the synergy between brain-computer interfaces and neuroimaging technologies to enhance the functionality and user experience of lower limb prosthetics. The review discusses the potential of EEG and fNIRS in decoding neural signals, enabling more intuitive and responsive control of prosthetic devices. Additionally, the paper highlights the challenges, innovations, and prospects associated with the incorporation of these neurotechnologies in the field of rehabilitation. The insights provided in this review contribute to a deeper understanding of the evolving landscape of smart lower prosthetic limbs and pave the way for more effective and user-friendly solutions in the realm of neurorehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulating antibody N-glycosylation through feed additives using a multi-tiered approach","authors":"Jaka Kranjc, Lovro Kramer, Miha Mikelj, Marko Anderluh, Anja Pišlar, Matjaž Brinc","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1448925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1448925","url":null,"abstract":"Glycosylation of recombinant proteins is a post-translational modification that affects multiple physicochemical and biological properties of proteins. As such, it is a critical quality attribute that must be carefully controlled during protein production in the pharmaceutical industry. Glycosylation can be modulated by various conditions, including the composition of production media and feeds. In this study, the N-glycosylation-modulating effects of numerous compounds, including metal enzyme cofactors, enzyme inhibitors, and metabolic intermediates, were evaluated. Chinese hamster ovary cells producing three different IgG antibodies were cultivated in a fed-batch mode. First, a one-factor-at-a-time experiment was performed in 24-well deep well plates to identify the strongest modulators and appropriate concentration ranges. Then, a full response surface experiment was designed to gauge the effects and interactions of the 14 most effective hit compounds in an Ambr<jats:sup>®</jats:sup> 15 bioreactor system. A wide range of glycoform content was achieved, with an up to eight-fold increase in individual glycoforms compared to controls. The resulting model can be used to determine modulator combinations that will yield desired glycoforms in the final product.","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methane biohydroxylation into methanol by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b: possible limitations and formate use during reaction","authors":"Héloïse Baldo, Azariel Ruiz-Valencia, Louis Cornette de Saint Cyr, Guillaume Ramadier, Eddy Petit, Marie-Pierre Belleville, José Sanchez-Marcano, Laurence Soussan","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1422580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1422580","url":null,"abstract":"Methane (CH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>) hydroxylation into methanol (MeOH) by methanotrophic bacteria is an attractive and sustainable approach to producing MeOH. The model strain <jats:italic>Methylosinus trichosporium</jats:italic> OB3b has been reported to be an efficient hydroxylating biocatalyst. Previous works have shown that regardless of the bioreactor design or operation mode, MeOH concentration reaches a threshold after a few hours, but there are no investigations into the reasons behind this phenomenon. The present work entails monitoring both MeOH and formate concentrations during CH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> hydroxylation, where neither a gaseous substrate nor nutrient shortage was evidenced. Under the assayed reaction conditions, bacterial stress was shown to occur, but methanol was not responsible for this. Formate addition was necessary to start MeOH production. Nuclear magnetic resonance analyses with <jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C-formate proved that the formate was instrumental in regenerating NADH; formate was exhausted during the reaction, but increased quantities of formate were unable to prevent MeOH production stop. The formate mass balance showed that the formate-to-methanol yield was around 50%, suggesting a cell regulation phenomenon. Hence, this study presents the possible physiological causes that need to be investigated further. Finally, to the best of our knowledge, this study shows that the reaction can be achieved in the native bacterial culture (<jats:italic>i.e.</jats:italic>, culture medium containing added methanol dehydrogenase inhibitors) by avoiding the centrifugation steps while limiting the hands-on time and water consumption.","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}