Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of foot strike patterns and angles on the biomechanics of side-step cutting.","authors":"Fan Yi, Zhao Jianchao, Zhu Wen, Liu Ke, Lou Yantao","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1461247","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1461247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aimed to determine how foot strike patterns and cutting angles affect lower extremity (LE) kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity during side-step cutting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty male college sport athletes participated in this research. Three-dimensional motion analysis featuring ground reaction force (GRF) and electromyography (EMG) of the dominant leg was used. LE kinematics, kinetics, and EMG data parameters were obtained during a 45° and 90° side-step cutting involving rearfoot strikes (RFS) and forefoot strikes (FFS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The significant foot strike pattern × angle interactions were observed for the ankle eversion range of motion (ROM) at the loading phase. Cutting of 90° had greater knee flexion ROM, knee valgus ROM, and knee varus moment compared to that of 45°. RFS cutting had greater knee flexion, hip flexion, knee valgus, knee varus moment, knee varus moment, and ankle eversion ROM. FFS cutting produced a lower vertical GRF, lateral GRF, and a loading rate. Both vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscle activities were remarkably greater during cutting of 90° than 45°. At the loading phase, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, and the lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle activities during FFS cutting were considerably greater than those during RFS cutting.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The FFS pattern can better protect the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and improve the flexibility of athletes by increasing the plantarflexion torque of the ankle. The injury risk also increases with the larger cutting angle. The EMG activities of semitendinosus and biceps femoris are vital for the stability of knee joint during side-step cutting, which helps reduce ACL stress during buffering.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1461247"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11579863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface-modified CMOS biosensors.","authors":"Fahimeh Dehghandehnavi, Md Sakibur Sajal, Marc Dandin","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1441430","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1441430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biosensors translate biological events into electronic signals that quantify biological processes. They are increasingly used in <i>in vitro</i> diagnostics applications that leverage their ability to process small sample volumes. One recent trend has been to integrate biosensors with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chips to provide enhanced miniaturization, parallel sensing, and low power consumption at a low cost. CMOS-enabled biosensors are used in monitoring DNA hybridization, enzymatic reactions, and cell proliferation, to name a few applications. This paper explores the materials and processes used in emerging CMOS biosensors. We discuss subtractive and additive processes for creating electrodes for electrochemical sensing applications. We discuss functionalization techniques for creating bioelectronic interfaces that allow molecular events to be transduced into the electrical domain using a plurality of modalities that are readily provided by CMOS chips. Example modalities featured are optical sensing, electrochemical detection, electrical detection, magnetic sensing, and mechanical sensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1441430"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refrigerated amniotic membrane maintains its therapeutic qualities for 48 hours.","authors":"J Stelling-Férez, J M Puente-Cuadrado, V Álvarez-Yepes, S Alcaraz, E Tristante, I Hernández-Mármol, I Mompeán-Egea, A M García-Hernández, F J Nicolás","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1455397","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1455397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During wound healing, the migration of keratinocytes is critical for wound closure. The application of amniotic membrane (AM) on wounds with challenging contexts (e.g., chronification and diabetic foot ulcer) has proven very successful. However, the use of AM for clinical practice has several restraints when applied to patients; the most important restriction is preserving AM's therapeutic properties between its thawing and application onto the patient's wound. Moreover, AM collection and processing requires a cleanroom, together with specialized staff and equipment, and facilities that are not usually available in many hospitals and healthcare units. In this publication, we kept previously cryopreserved AM at different temperatures (37°C, 20°C, and 4°C) in different media (DMEM high glucose and saline solution with or without human albumin) and for long incubation time periods after thawing (24 h and 48 h). HaCaT keratinocytes and TGF-β1-chronified HaCaT keratinocytes were used to measure several parameters related to wound healing: migration, cell cycle arrest rescue, and the expression of key genes and migration-related proteins. Our findings indicate that AM kept in physiological saline solution at 4°C for 24 h or 48 h performed excellently in promoting HaCaT cell migration compared to AM that had been immediately thawed (0 h). Indeed, key proteins, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun, were induced by AM at 4°C in saline solution. Similarly, cell proliferation and different genes related to survival, inflammation, and senescence had, in all cases, the same response as to standard AM. These data suggest that the handling method in saline solution at 4°C does not interfere with AM's therapeutic properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1455397"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress of fracture mapping technology based on CT three-dimensional reconstruction.","authors":"Jichao Liu, Ziyan Zhang, Ji Qu, Chengdong Piao","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1471470","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1471470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fracture Mapping is a new technology developed in recent years. This technology visually representing the morphology of fractures by overlaying fracture lines from multiple fracture models onto a standard model through three-dimensional reconstruction. Fracture mapping has been widely used in acetabular fracture, proximal humerus fractures, Pilon fracture, tibial plateau fractures, and so on. This technology provides a new research method for the diagnosis, classification, treatment selection, internal fixation design, and statistical analysis of common fracture sites. In addition, the fracture map can also provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of a biomechanical standardized fracture model. Herein, we reviewed various methods and the most advanced techniques for fracture mapping, and to discuss the issues existing in fracture mapping techniques, which will help in designing future studies that are closer to the ideal. Moreover, we outlined the fracture morphology features of fractures in various parts of the body, and discuss the implications of these fracture mapping studies for fracture treatment, thereby providing reference for research and clinical decision-making on bone and joint injuries to improve patient prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1471470"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced neuroprosthetic electrode design optimized by electromagnetic finite element simulation: innovations and applications.","authors":"Shu Yang, Siyi Yang, Peixuan Li, Shuchun Gou, Yuhang Cheng, Qinggang Jia, Zhanhong Du","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1476447","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1476447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Based on electrophysiological activity, neuroprostheses can effectively monitor and control neural activity. Currently, electrophysiological neuroprostheses are widely utilized in treating neurological disorders, particularly in restoring motor, visual, auditory, and somatosensory functions after nervous system injuries. They also help alleviate inflammation, regulate blood pressure, provide analgesia, and treat conditions such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease, offering significant research, economic, and social value. Enhancing the targeting capabilities of neuroprostheses remains a key objective for researchers. Modeling and simulation techniques facilitate the theoretical analysis of interactions between neuroprostheses and the nervous system, allowing for quantitative assessments of targeting efficiency. Throughout the development of neuroprostheses, these modeling and simulation methods can save time, materials, and labor costs, thereby accelerating the rapid development of highly targeted neuroprostheses. This article introduces the fundamental principles of neuroprosthesis simulation technology and reviews how various simulation techniques assist in the design and performance enhancement of neuroprostheses. Finally, it discusses the limitations of modeling and simulation and outlines future directions for utilizing these approaches to guide neuroprosthesis design.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1476447"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11579925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting temporomandibular disorders in adults using interpretable machine learning methods: a model development and validation study.","authors":"Yuchen Cui, Fujia Kang, Xinpeng Li, Xinning Shi, Han Zhang, Xianchun Zhu","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1459903","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1459903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have a high prevalence and complex etiology. The purpose of this study was to apply a machine learning (ML) approach to identify risk factors for the occurrence of TMD in adults and to develop and validate an interpretable predictive model for the risk of TMD in adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 949 adults who underwent oral examinations were enrolled in our study. 5 different ML algorithms were used for model development and comparison, and feature selection was performed by feature importance ranking and feature decreasing methods. Several evaluation indexes, including the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC), were used to compare the predictive performance. The precision-recall curve (PR), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) further assessed the accuracy and clinical utility of the model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The performance of the random forest (RF) model was the best among the 5 ML models. An interpretable RF model was developed with 7 features (gender, malocclusion, unilateral chewing, chewing hard substances, grinding teeth, clenching teeth, and anxiety). The AUCs of the final model on the training set, internal validation set, and external test set were 0.892, 0.854, and 0.857, respectively. Calibration and DCA curves showed high accuracy and clinical applicability of the model.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>An efficient and interpretable TMD risk prediction model for adults was successfully developed using the ML method. The model not only has good predictive performance, but also enhances the clinical application value of the model through the SHAP method. This model can provide clinicians with a practical and efficient TMD risk assessment tool that can help them better predict and assess TMD risk in adults, supporting more efficient disease management and targeted medical interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1459903"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11573567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of visual disruption on static and dynamic postural control in people with and without chronic ankle instability.","authors":"Yushan Miao, Yubin Ge, Dongmei Wang, Dewei Mao, Qipeng Song, Rentana Wu","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1499684","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1499684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI) is a chronic syndrome resulting from repeated ankle sprains that lead to persistent dysfunction.the purpose of this study is to determine whether visual disruption could influence static and dynamic postural control in people with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI), with the objective of gaining a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between visual inputs and postural control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty people with CAI (21 males and 9 females, age = 22.0 ± 1.8 years, height = 174.4 ± 10.2 cm, body mass = 72.5 ± 15.4 kg; Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) score = 19.7 ± 1.8) and twenty-nine without CAI (24 males and 5 females, age = 22.9 ± 1.6 years, height = 172.8 ± 8.0 cm, body mass = 69.0 ± 11.3 kg; CAIT score = 29.0 ± 0.7) were recruited. Their static and dynamic postural control was measured in two conditions with or without visual disruption, simulated using stroboscopic glasses. Static postural control was measured during single-limb standing and represented by root mean square (RMS) of the plantar center of pressure (CoP), dynamic postural control was measured during a Y-balance test and represented by the relative reach distance. Two-way mixed ANOVA (between group: CAI vs non-CAI, within group: normal vision vs visual disruption) was used to analyze data.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Significant interactions were detected in the CoP-RMS in the anteroposterior (AP) (<i>p</i> = 0.021, η² _p = 0.090) and mediolateral (ML) (<i>p</i> < 0.001, η² _p = 0.208) directions, and the relative reach distances in the posteromedial (PM) <i>p</i> = 0.023, η² _p = 0.088) and posterolateral (PL) (<i>p</i> = 0.009, η² _p = 0.113) directions, from normal vision to visual disruption. The CoP-RMS in the AP and ML directions significantly increased and the relative reach distances in the PM and PL directions significantly decreased in people with CAI while remaining unchanged in those without CAI. People with CAI are susceptible to visual disruption on postural control, highlighting the importance of visual input in maintaining stable posture in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1499684"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11574417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An alternative way to break the matrix barrier: an experimental study of a LIFU-mediated, visualizable targeted nanoparticle synergistic amplification for the treatment of malignant fibroblasts.","authors":"Xiangzhi Zhao, Zhengchao Fan, Junan Zhou, Ying Li, Weiwei Zhu, Song Su, Jizhu Xia","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1486369","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1486369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malignant fibroblasts (MFs) are widely present in various diseases and are characterized by connective tissue proliferation; these cells act as a physical barrier that severely limits drug delivery and affects disease outcomes. Based on this, we constructed the smart, integrated, theranostic, targeted lipid nanoprobe HMME-RG3@PFH to overcome the bottleneck in the early diagnosis and treatment of MF-related diseases. The protein glucose transporter protein 1 (GLUT-1) is overexpressed on MFs, and its ideal substrate, ginsenoside RG3 (RG3), significantly enhances the targeted uptake of HMME-RG3@PFH by MFs in a hypoxic environment and endows the nanomaterial with stealthiness to prolong its circulation. Perfluorohexane (PFH), a substance that can undergo phase change, was encapsulated in the lipid core and vaporized for ultrasound-enhanced imaging under low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) irradiation. Moreover, hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) was loaded into the lipid bilayer for photoacoustic molecular imaging and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) of MFs under the combined effects of LIFU. Additionally, HMME-RG3@PFH instantaneously burst during visualization to promote targeted drug delivery. In addition, the increased number of exposed RG3 fragments can regulate the MFs to enter a quiescent state. Overall, this nanoplatform ultimately achieves dual-modal imaging with targeted and precise drug release for visualization and synergistic amplification therapy, providing a new possibility for the early diagnosis and precise treatment of MF-related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1486369"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11574418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional interleukin-4 releasing microparticles impact THP-1 differentiated macrophage phenotype.","authors":"I-Ning Lee, Jasmine Z Stening, Felicity R A J Rose, Lisa J White","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1496111","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1496111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Macrophage cell therapies offer potential treatment in inflammatory diseases due to their ability to mobilize and stimulate their environment. However, successful treatment requires a pro-regenerative macrophage phenotype to be retained <i>in vivo</i>. Polymeric microparticles may provide a potential route to direct and sustain macrophage phenotype. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is the most commonly used cytokine for <i>in vitro</i> modulation towards M2a macrophage phenotype. We designed IL-4 encapsulated microparticles to investigate the impact of drug release kinetics and developed a robust human peripheral blood monocyte cell (THP-1) <i>in vitro</i> assay to assess functional IL-4 release upon macrophage phenotype.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>IL-4 was encapsulated with human serum albumin (HSA) in microparticles fabricated from a blend of PLGA and a PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblock copolymer. Functional release of IL-4 and HSA over different time periods was measured using ELISAs. THP-1 differentiated macrophages were cultured either in direct contact with microparticles or indirectly through transwells. The immunomodulatory impact of microparticles on THP-1 cells were measured using ELISA and qPCR.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>IL-4 release kinetics fit with the first-order release kinetics model, indicating concentration dependent release. IL-4/HSA encapsulated microparticles modulated THP-1 differentiated macrophages towards pro-immunoregulatory subgroups. This strategy provides a novel approach in drug carrier development for <i>in vitro</i> assessments of macrophage phenotype to inform development of targeted therapies for inflammation and immune modulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1496111"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11573512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finite element analysis of maxillary orthodontic therapies with variable alveolar bone grafts under occlusal forces in patient with unilateral cleft lip and palate.","authors":"Zhi Zhang, Chenghao Li, Qian Zheng, Bing Shi, Renkai Liu","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1448286","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1448286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the biomechanical effects of maxillary orthodontic treatment on different alveolar bone grafting positions loaded with occlusal forces in an unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patient.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Finite element analysis was employed to simulate clinical scenarios more accurately by loading with occlusal forces on 8 bone-grafted models during maxillary orthodontic treatment. Displacement and von Mises stress pattern during maxillary protraction, expansion, and combined protraction and expansion were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The seven bone-grafted models exhibited significantly smaller horizontal displacements at the non-cleft side landmarks during maxillary protraction and expansion compared to non-bone grafted models. Additionally, alveolar cleft bone grafted in the upper 1/3 and middle 1/3 exhibited greater asymmetry displacement and stress under maxillary protraction and expansion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the necessity of considering occlusal forces in finite element study on orthodontic therapies for UCLP patients. The upper 1/3 and middle 1/3 bone graft conditions may require secondary bone graft supplementation to ensure the effectiveness of maxillary orthodontic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1448286"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11573579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}