Samantha Gmitro, Andres Larraza, Pedram Sotoudehbagha, Andres Alayon Mata, Andrew Romero, John Lovejoy, Mehdi Razavi
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction: With an average of 6.8 million fractures per year in the United States, the current method for surgical intervention involves bioinert materials that do not promote osteogenesis and can have inflammatory reactions that hinder bone healing. Magnesium has emerged in research due to the material's biodegradability and biocompatibility; however, it has a low corrosion resistance, which can lead to hydrogen gas evolution and tissue necrosis. Therefore, magnesium is typically alloyed with rare earth elements (REEs) to increase corrosion resistance. The main goal of this study involves fabricating a magnesium (Mg)-based metal matrix nanocomposite (MMNC) containing scandium (Sc) and strontium (Sr) as alloying elements, as well as diopside (CaMgSi2O6) -based bioactive glass-ceramic nanoparticles for reinforcement.
Methods: MMNCs were processed using ultrasonic melt processing and hot rolling to disperse nanoparticles and refine their microstructure. These MMNCs have undergone detailed tests to determine microstructure and degradation properties, followed by in vitro and in vivo tests to determine the MMNC's biodegradation and biocompatibility characteristics.
Results: Through cell culture with human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) we determined that MMNCs provide in vitro cytocompatibility of >80%. Next, MMNC pins were implanted into rat femoral defects and monitored for 3 months post-implantation with the WE43 Mg alloy used as a control. Utilizing in vivo and ex vivo X-ray imaging and histology of these defects implanted with MMNC or WE43 pins, we found that our composite allows for no or minimal hydrogen gas evolution and fibrotic body response with osteointegration and new bone formation.
Discussion: This allows for an understanding of potential applications of our composite as a biomaterial.
期刊介绍：
The translation of new discoveries in medicine to clinical routine has never been easy. During the second half of the last century, thanks to the progress in chemistry, biochemistry and pharmacology, we have seen the development and the application of a large number of drugs and devices aimed at the treatment of symptoms, blocking unwanted pathways and, in the case of infectious diseases, fighting the micro-organisms responsible. However, we are facing, today, a dramatic change in the therapeutic approach to pathologies and diseases. Indeed, the challenge of the present and the next decade is to fully restore the physiological status of the diseased organism and to completely regenerate tissue and organs when they are so seriously affected that treatments cannot be limited to the repression of symptoms or to the repair of damage. This is being made possible thanks to the major developments made in basic cell and molecular biology, including stem cell science, growth factor delivery, gene isolation and transfection, the advances in bioengineering and nanotechnology, including development of new biomaterials, biofabrication technologies and use of bioreactors, and the big improvements in diagnostic tools and imaging of cells, tissues and organs.
In today`s world, an enhancement of communication between multidisciplinary experts, together with the promotion of joint projects and close collaborations among scientists, engineers, industry people, regulatory agencies and physicians are absolute requirements for the success of any attempt to develop and clinically apply a new biological therapy or an innovative device involving the collective use of biomaterials, cells and/or bioactive molecules. “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” aspires to be a forum for all people involved in the process by bridging the gap too often existing between a discovery in the basic sciences and its clinical application.
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