Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of different peripheral fatigue protocol on lower limb biomechanical changes during landing and its impact on the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury: a systematic review.","authors":"Zhanyang He, Gang Sun, Houwei Zhu, Binyong Ye, Zhe Zheng, Xiaolong He, Huiju Pan","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1587573","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1587573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research suggests that although fatigue accumulates during competitions and at season's end, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries do not significantly increase, with peripheral fatigue-induced muscle weakness potentially playing a key role. The aim of this study is to systematically review the effects of different peripheral fatigue interventions on biomechanical variables associated with ACL injury risk during landing tasks. A systematic search was conducted in five databases Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library up to September 2024. The evidence classification system was used to grade the evidence on lower limb biomechanical changes. A total of 12 studies, involving 217 participants (105 males, 112 females), were included. These studies examined 9 peripheral fatigue protocols, 14 kinematic variables, and 16 kinetic variables. Among the 14 kinematic variables reviewed, strong evidence indicates increased knee internal rotation angles at peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) during landing tasks after the knee flexors and extensors peripheral fatigue protocols (Effect size = 0.24-0.68). For the 16 kinetic variables reviewed, strong evidence only suggests a reduction in peak vGRF during landing tasks after knee flexors and extensors peripheral fatigue protocols (Effect size = 0.12-0.32). In conclusion, we found that only two peripheral fatigue interventions were supported by evidence, while most kinematic and kinetic variables showed conflicting results, underscoring the need for further research. Such improvements will help clarify whether current neuromuscular ACL injury prevention programs need to be adapted to account for the biomechanical changes brought about by peripheral fatigue. <b>Systematic Review Registration:</b> clinicaltrials.gov, identifier CRD42024593839.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"13 ","pages":"1587573"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated multidisciplinary approach to aneurysm hemodynamic analysis: numerical simulation, <i>in Vitro</i> experiment, and deep learning.","authors":"Tingting Fan, Jinhang Wang, Xu Wang, Xi Chen, Dongliang Zhao, Fengjie Xie, Guangxin Chen","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1602190","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1602190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aneurysm, as life-threatening vascular pathologies, are significantly influenced by hemodynamic factors in their development. The combine of numerical simulation and <i>in vitro</i> experiment have laid the foundation for high-precision hemodynamic analysis, while the integration of deep learning technologies has significantly enhanced computational efficiency. However, current researches still face challenges such as limitations in biomimetic materials, and incomplete understanding of mechano-biological coupling mechanisms. In this review, we systematize traditional and emerging methodologies characterizing hemodynamic perturbations across the pathophysiological continuum of aneurysmal expansion, rupture, and thrombosis progression. This review aims to (1) elucidate mechanistic underpinnings of aneurysm destabilization, (2) inspire people to establish standardized quantification protocols for hemodynamic analysis, and (3) pave the way for patient-specific risk stratification enabling data-driven clinical interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"13 ","pages":"1602190"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12172625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144316325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Media formulation using statistical methodology to enhance α-amylase production for green synthesis of Au-NPs by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> VSP4 under solid-state fermentation.","authors":"Vimalkumar S Prajapati, Vaibhavkumar N Mehta, Swati K Patel","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1569902","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1569902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) have garnered popularity for their remarkable and promising applications in various areas. Here, we report the synthesis of Au-NPs using extracellular amylase produced by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> VSP4 under solid-state fermentation (SSF) through the reduction of AuCl₄ with retention of enzymatic activity in the complex. Accordingly, <i>B. subtilis</i> VSP4 was exploited to enhance α-amylase production under SSF using the Plackett-Burman design, followed by the central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). According to our analysis, the most significant components in the medium are starch, yeast extract, and CaCl₂ (significance >95%, ANOVA), which prominently enhance enzyme production. The optimum levels of these three selected variables were evaluated using CCD-RSM (20 runs), and it was confirmed that 0.05 g of starch, 0.1 g of yeast extract, and 5 mM of CaCl₂ per 5 g of wheat bran under SSF produced the maximum α-amylase yield (169.72 U/gds). The <i>F</i>-value of the quadratic model (18.36) implies that the model is significant, while the <i>F</i>-value of the lack of fit (3.17) indicates that the lack of fit is not significant, meaning that the model has good fit. The coefficient of variance was found to be 0.369, which denotes that the experiments performed herein are reliable (R² = 0.94) (multiple correlation coefficient), and the standard deviation for the quadratic model was found to be 4.72. We also performed separate validation experiments to confirm the adequacy of the quadratic model. The present work highlights α-amylase production by <i>B. subtilis</i> VSP4 under SSF, which was prominently enhanced by adopting a statistical experimental design, leading to the formation of Au-NPs of average size 5.17 ± 0.85 nm showing a surface plasmon resonance peak at 528 nm.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"13 ","pages":"1569902"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144316336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deteriorated biomechanical properties of human hypertrophied septum in response to cardiomyocyte enlargement, overexpressed collagen, and disarrayed microstructures.","authors":"Katherine M Copeland, Houjia Chen, Uday Chintapula, Milad Almasian, Duc Khang Chung, Alan M Taylor, Yichen Ding, Gaurav Sharma, Michael E Jessen, Yi Hong, Kytai T Nguyen, Matthias Peltz, Pietro Bajona, Jun Liao","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1620594","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1620594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is often caused by genetic mutations, resulting in abnormal thickening of ventricular muscle, particularly the septum, and causing left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction and inferior cardiac performance. The cell and microstructural abnormalities are believed to be the cause of the altered tissue mechanical properties and inferior performance. However, there is a lack of detailed biomechanical assessments of human hypertrophied septum and a lack of understanding of the structural-mechanical relationship between altered biomechanical properties and cellular hypertrophy, fibrotic overexpression, and microstructural disruptions. In this study, we performed thorough biomechanical and microstructural characterizations on the human hypertrophied septum and compared this with healthy septum. We found that the hypertrophied human septum was stiffer at the initial phase of tissue loading, but less nonlinear, less stiff in the linear region, and much weaker in mechanical strength when compared to the healthy human septum. The fibrosis-induced initial stiffening in the hypertrophied septum paradoxically coexists with compromised mechanical strength and integrity under physiological demands, correlating with the clinical observations of diastolic dysfunction and susceptibility to myocardial damage in HCM patients despite ventricular wall thickening. We also discovered that the human hypertrophied septum had significantly larger stress relaxation and slightly larger creep when compared to healthy septum. Moreover, the abnormal, disorganized cell-collagen microstructures in the hypertrophied septum make short-term stress release more difficult and require longer relaxation times to reach equilibrium. Biaxial testing performed at the initial phase of tissue loading showed that both the healthy septum and hypertrophied septum had nonlinear anisotropic stress-strain behavior and confirmed that, in the longitudinal direction, the hypertrophied septum was stiffer than the healthy septum. Our microstructural quantifications via histology and light-sheet microscopy revealed that (i) the heterogeneous cardiomyocyte enlargement and disarray, combined with disorganized collagen overexpression, create a mechanically inefficient tissue architecture in the hypertrophied septum, and (ii) the observed cell-collagen microstructural disruptions provide mechanistic explanations for the deteriorated biomechanical properties. Our viscoelastic mechanical data and microstructural characterizations build a strong foundation to understand the altered tissue behavior of the hypertrophied septum, the degree of deviation from the normal septum, and the underlying structural mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"13 ","pages":"1620594"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12171370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144316324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related differences in intramuscular fat distribution: spatial quantification in human ankle plantar flexors.","authors":"Zhenkai Zhao, Fiona Elizabeth Smith, Taylor J M Dick, Emma Hodson-Tole","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1594557","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1594557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Indroduction: </strong>Accumulation of intramuscular fat (IMF) is an important marker of skeletal muscle health, typically reported as the mean intramuscular fat fraction (FF) from quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, such a summary measure does not reveal the spatial distribution of the FF through the muscle volume, and currently no methods to quantify intramuscular FF spatial distribution have been reported. This study assessed two- and three-dimensional characteristics of intramuscular FF spatial distribution and investigated age-related differences in intramuscular FF clustering in medial gastrocnemius (MG), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), and soleus (SOL) muscles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 32 physically active young (<i>N</i> = 19, 23.8 ± 2.2 years) and older (<i>N</i> = 13, 70.1 ± 2.2 years) participants were recruited. Intramuscular FF regions were extracted from axial mDixon MRIs using a region-growing method, revealing branch-like clusters, potentially following the vasculature. Three-dimensional intramuscular FF clustering and density were assessed using Delaunay tessellation and Ripley's functions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Older adults exhibited significantly shorter Delaunay mean edge lengths compared to young (MG: 2.6 ± 0.5 mm vs. 3.2±0.4 mm, <i>p</i> < 0.001; LG: 2.5 ± 0.6 mm vs. 3.3 ± 0.8 mm, <i>p</i> < 0.001; SOL: 2.4 ± 0.4 mm vs. 3.5 ± 0.7 mm, <i>p</i> < 0.001), indicating denser clustering. Ripley's K function confirmed greater clustering in older adults. Two-way ANOVA revealed aging (F statistics = 21, <i>p</i> < 0.001, Hedge's <i>g</i> = 1.8) but not sex (F statistics = 1.5, <i>p</i> = 0.9, Hedge's <i>g</i> = 0.3) as the main effect for variation in intramuscular FF clustering, with no interaction between these two factors (F statistics = 1.3, <i>p</i> = 0.35).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This work provides an objective framework for characterizing intramuscular FF spatial distribution, providing a means to track skeletal muscle fatty replacement and provide more robust and sensitive markers of skeletal muscle health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"13 ","pages":"1594557"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12171183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144316322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Advances in Doxorubicin-based nano-drug delivery system in triple negative breast cancer.","authors":"Weiwei Zeng, Yuning Luo, Dali Gan, Yaofeng Zhang, Huan Deng, Guohui Liu","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1623425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1623425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1271420.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"13 ","pages":"1623425"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12171397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144316323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of a novel dental self-healing resin composite by bacteria-induced biomineralization.","authors":"Yanyan Han, Xiaoxuan Zhang, Jianing Weng, Shiqi Tian, Xian Dong, Zhiheng Cai, Yi Zhang, Tiantian Wu, Dan Lin, Yaqin Zhu","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1590348","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1590348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dental resin restorations often fail due to microcrack expansion, causing fractures and secondary caries. Self-healing resin composites based on Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) offer a solution. In these composites, moisture and air activate bacteria to precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) and repair microcracks. When a crack seals, bacteria become dormant or form spores until the next crack forms, triggering repeated self-healing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involved the optimization of nutrients to enhance biocompatibility, the preparation of dental resin composites incorporating eight different bacterial strains, the investigation of Mn²⁺ to enhance self-healing properties, and the utilization of a method to evaluate self-healing efficiency tailored for the oral environment. This method took a microscopic view of the healing process in artificial saliva, and the self-healing efficiency was determined by quantifying the scratch area.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the final results, <i>Bacillus</i> sphaericus (ATCC 4525) cultured with Mn²⁺ exhibited the most impressive self-healing effect, while <i>Bacillus</i> pasteurii (B80469) had the weakest self-healing effect in the study. Otherwise, Bifidobacterium longum showed no significant difference between its initial and secondary healing effects.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This dental self-healing resin composite can undergo multiple rounds of self-repair and boasts high biocompatibility, leading to a significant reduction in the failure rate of dental resin restorations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"13 ","pages":"1590348"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12171228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144316338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimising and adapting perfusion feeds in serum-free medium to intensify CAR-T cell expansion in stirred-tank bioreactors.","authors":"Pierre Springuel, Tiffany Hood, Fern Slingsby, Timo Schmidberger, Nicola Bevan, Noushin Dianat, Julia Hengst, Qasim A Rafiq","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1593895","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1593895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>ex vivo</i> expansion of autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells to reach a therapeutic dose significantly prolongs manufacturing time and increases overall costs. The common use of animal- or human-derived serum in T cell expansion culture media further contributes to process variability, costs and introduces additional safety concerns. To address these challenges, this study focused on intensifying CAR-T cell expansion using perfusion processes in xeno-free (XF) and serum-free (SF) culture medium. The impacts of alternative tangential flow (ATF) perfusion rates, perfusion start times and donor variability were evaluated using a Design of Experiments (DOE) approach in the Ambr^® 250 High-Throughput Perfusion stirred-tank bioreactor. This allowed the identification of optimal combinations of perfusion parameters on a per-donor basis, enabling 4.5-fold improvements in final cell yields and over 50% reductions in the expansion time required to reach a representative CAR-T dose compared to a fed-batch process. Subsequent process development then established an adaptive perfusion strategy enabling 130 ± 9.7-fold expansions to achieve final cell densities of 33.5 ± 3 × 10⁶ cells/mL while reducing medium requirements by 11% without compromising CAR-T cell quality attributes compared to static well-plate cultures. Harvested cells predominantly expressed naïve and central memory markers, low levels of exhaustion markers, and maintained cytotoxicity and cytokine release <i>in vitro</i>. This study demonstrates the potential of optimising and adapting perfusion strategies in XF/SF-culture medium to enhance CAR-T cell yields, shorten expansion times and reduce medium consumption while addressing patient variability in clinical manufacturing. Key considerations for future implementation and improvement of adaptive perfusion feeds for clinical CAR-T manufacturing are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"13 ","pages":"1593895"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12171161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144316337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wearable sensors-based assistive technologies for patient health monitoring.","authors":"Nouf Abdullah Almujally, Danyal Khan, Naif Al Mudawi, Mohammed Alonazi, Haifa F Alhasson, Ahmad Jalal, Hui Liu","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1437877","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1437877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>With the advancement of handheld devices, patient health monitoring using wearable devices plays a vital role in overall health monitoring.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this article, we have integrated multi-model bio-signals to monitor patient health data during daily life activities continuously. Two well-known datasets from ScientISST MOVE and mHealth have been analyzed. The purpose of this study is to explore the possibilities of using advanced bio-signals for monitoring patient vital signs during daily life activities and predicting favorable and more accurate health-related solutions based on current body health-related real-time measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With the help of machine learning algorithms, we have observed classification accuracy of up to 94.67% using the mHealth dataset and 95.12% on the ScientISST MOVE dataset. Other performance indicators, such as recall, precision, and F1 score, also performed well.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Overall, integrating a machine learning model with bio-signals provides an enhanced ability to interpret complex real-time patient health monitoring for personalized care and overall smart healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"13 ","pages":"1437877"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12171204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144316340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and future perspectives in using mesenchymal stem cells for efficient bone fracture healing.","authors":"Dong Han, Weiwei Liu, Jinpeng Gong, Yupeng Ma, Zhengwen Sun","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1568914","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1568914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) demonstrate considerable potential for enhancing bone fracture healing due to their multipotency and immunomodulatory properties. This review investigates the relationship between MSCs, the immune system, and the skeletal microenvironment, focusing on the roles of cytokines and signaling pathways in osteogenesis. The healing process of bone fractures is complex and involves a coordinated response from various cell types, including immune cells and MSCs, which secrete bioactive molecules that promote tissue regeneration and modulate inflammation. Despite their promise, challenges such as variability in MSC sources, ethical considerations, regulatory restrictions, and obstacles in achieving effective delivery and retention at fracture sites restrict their clinical application. Recent advancements in MSC-based therapies, including innovative biomaterials, three-dimensional bioprinting, and gene editing technologies, aim to improve the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs. In addition, strategies to rejuvenate aged MSCs and enhance their regenerative capabilities are critical for addressing age-related fractures, as the functionality of MSCs declines with age. Understanding the mechanisms underlying MSC action, including their paracrine signaling and interaction with the bone microenvironment, is essential for optimizing their therapeutic use. Addressing existing limitations in MSC research and application provides a comprehensive perspective on the future of MSC therapies in bone repair. This review discusses the transformative potential of MSCs in regenerative medicine and orthopedics, highlighting the need for further research to unlock their full capabilities and improve clinical outcomes in patients with bone injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"13 ","pages":"1568914"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12162511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144301493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}