Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of FeMnN alloy bioresorbable flow diverters in the rabbit elastase induced aneurysm model.","authors":"Alexander A Oliver, Cem Bilgin, Jonathan Cortese, Esref A Bayraktar, Daying Dai, Yong Hong Ding, Kent D Carlson, Adam J Griebel, Jeremy E Schaffer, Mitchell L Connon, Dan Dragomir-Daescu, Ramanathan Kadirvel, Roger J Guillory, David F Kallmes","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1522696","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1522696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Flow diverters are specialized stents used to treat intracranial aneurysms. Bioresorbable flow diverters (BRFDs) have been proposed as the next-generation of flow diverter technology. BRFDs aim to occlude and heal the aneurysm before safely dissolving into the body, mitigating complications associated with the permanent presence of conventional flow diverters. We previously prototyped BRFDs using an iron-manganese-nitrogen (FeMnN) alloy and demonstrated their flow diversion functionality, radial strength, bioresorbability, and MRI compatibility in benchtop tests. In the current work, we investigated their aneurysm occlusion efficacy <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Elastase induced aneurysms were created in seven rabbits and BRFDs were deployed over the aneurysms for 3 months. Aneurysm occlusion efficacy and the biological response was assessed via angiography, gross dissection microscopy, and histology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The BRFDs failed to occlude the aneurysms in 5/7 rabbits at the 3-month endpoint. The bioresorbable wires appeared to resorb too rapidly and fragment away from the aneurysm neck prior to becoming entirely encased in tissue and completely occluding the aneurysm. In 3/7 rabbits, some FeMnN wires remained over the aneurysm neck that were encased in tissue, partially covering the aneurysm neck. Histological analysis revealed that the wires, when present, were a suitable substrate over which tissue could develop. Therefore, we attribute the poor aneurysm occlusion efficacy to mechanical failure rather than an impaired biological healing response.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The FeMnN BRFDs degraded too rapidly to effectively treat the rabbit elastase induced aneurysms. Future work will focus on developing BRFDs out of materials with a delayed resorption rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"13 ","pages":"1522696"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injective hydrogel encapsulating dental pulp stem cells for the treatment of traumatic optic nerve injury.","authors":"Lihua Luo, Zhenjie Xing, Yao Li, Ben Wang, Na Dong, Jiayi Sun, Shuimiao Wang, Yidi Xu, Yan He, Lingli Li, Kaihui Nan, Qingsong Ye","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1528749","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1528749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aimed to evaluate the effect of GeLMA/bFGF hydrogel loaded with dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on the repair and regeneration of traumatic optic nerve injury.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>GeLMA/bFGF hydrogel was photo-cross-linked by LED light. The physical-chemical properties and cytocompatibility of GeLMA/bFGF hydrogel after being squeezed (GeLMA/bFGF-SQ) were evaluated by SEM and degradation analyses, as well as live/dead and CCK-8 assays, respectively. The axon growth of PC12 cells was evaluated by MAP2 staining. The GeLMA/bFGF/DPSCs-SQ hydrogel was injected <i>in situ</i> into the lesion site to observe the repair of optic nerve injury. The number of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was calculated by βIII-tubulin staining. The length of regenerated axons was observed by CTB staining. Tissue recovery and axon growth of the optic nerve were observed by HE and TEM analyses, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GeLMA/bFGF-SQ hydrogel had a porous structure and great degradability, as well as good cytocompatibility. Meanwhile, DPSCs-conditioned medium (DPSCs-CM) could promote the axon growth of PC12 cells. Moreover, the number of RGCs and the regeneration of axons of the optic nerve were the highest in the GeLMA/bFGF/DPSCs-SQ group. HE and TEM data revealed abundant newly and orderly arrangement of optic nerve axons that was observed in the damaged area of the GeLMA/bFGF/DPSCs-SQ group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Transplantation of GeLMA/bFGF/DPSCs-SQ <i>in situ</i> provided an appropriate microenvironment for the repair and regeneration of injured optic nerves. Moreover, DPSCs combined with bFGF protected the RGCs from apoptosis and promoted optic nerve regeneration by secreting a series of neurotrophic factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"13 ","pages":"1528749"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of jawbone regions (molar area, premolar area, anterior area) and bone density on the accuracy of robot-assisted dental implantation: a preliminary study.","authors":"Mirealimu Miadili, Xiaoman Li, Yan Zhang, Danping Ruan, Wei Liu, Jianfei Zhang, Yiming Gao","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1536957","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1536957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Robotic-assisted dental implantation represents a transformative innovation in modern dentistry, offering enhanced surgical precision and reduced variability. Despite its clinical adoption, the impact of anatomical and bone-related factors on placement accuracy remains underexplored. This retrospective study evaluated 54 implants placed in 30 patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and virtual planning software to analyze deviations in crown position, apex position, and angulation. Significant regional variations in accuracy were observed, with higher angular deviations in the anterior maxilla (mean ± SD: 3.21° ± 2.22°) and greater positional deviations in the posterior mandible (1.09 mm ± 0.51 mm) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Implant diameter significantly influenced global deviation (<i>p</i> = 0.019), while implant length and bone density (classified by Misch's system) showed no significant effects (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, denser bone types (D1) exhibited a trend toward increased deviations, potentially due to insertion resistance. These findings underscore the need for region-specific and bone-quality considerations in robotic-assisted implantation. Refining robotic navigation and feedback mechanisms is critical to optimizing accuracy, particularly in anatomically complex regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"13 ","pages":"1536957"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different fermentation temperatures on microbiomes of cigar tobacco leaves.","authors":"Yun Jia, Sida Guo, Wanrong Hu, Qianying Zhang, Yue Wang, Zhengcheng Zhang, Zhishun Chai, Dongliang Li","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1550383","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1550383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Microbiomes of cigar tobacco leaves play a pivotal role during the fermentation, and fermentation temperature is a key factor in shaping the structure and function of the microbial community. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different temperatures (30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C, and 50°C) on the microbiomes of cigar tobacco leaves, providing insights into the complex interactions among temperature, microbes, and physicochemical metabolites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Firstly, the physicochemical metabolites of cigar tobacco leaves under various fermentation temperatures were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Subsequently, the impacts of different temperatures on microbial biomass and community structure were revealed by quantitative real-time PCR and amplicon sequencing, and the biomarkers at different fermentation temperatures were identified by LEfSe analysis. Finally, the functional potential of microbes was predicted by correlation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The bacterial biomass increased initially and peaked at 8.4 × 10⁹ copies/g at 35°C, then decreased as the temperature rose. The fungal biomass exhibited a downward trend with increasing temperature, reaching a maximum of 3.9 × 10⁶ copies/g at 30°C. When the fermentation temperature exceeded 45°C, the growth of both bacteria and fungi was significantly restricted. Amplicon sequencing results indicated that <i>Staphylococcus</i> and <i>Aspergillus</i> genera dominated the bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. As the temperature increased, the relative abundance of <i>Staphylococcus</i> decreased first and then increased (46.1%-98.5%), while that of <i>Aspergillus</i> increased first and then decreased (34.9%-77.4%). Additionally, correlation analysis suggested that microbial communities shaped by different temperatures were responsible for the differences in physicochemical metabolites of cigar leaves. The biomarkers identified in the low-temperature fermentation group, including <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Stemphylium</i>, <i>Sampaiozyma</i>, and <i>Filobasidium</i>, were likely responsible for the production of flavor metabolites, the accumulation of sugars, and the elevated ratio of potassium ions to chloride ions contents. Biomarkers in medium and high-temperature fermentation groups, such as <i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>Neodymella</i>, <i>Acinetobacter</i>, <i>Pelomonas</i>, <i>Brevundimonas</i>, and <i>Alkalihalobacillus</i>, might contribute to the degradation of nitrogen-containing substances and alkaloids.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study revealed the unique microbial community structure shaped at different temperatures and its potential correlation with physicochemical metabolites. These findings will help to further optimize the fermentation process of cigar tobacco leaves and develop functional microorganisms suitable for different fermentation temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"13 ","pages":"1550383"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational evaluation of the biomechanical effects of position changes in the femoral neck system on Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures: an in silico study.","authors":"Xiang Zhang, Shenghang Zhang, Zhou Zhong, Wen Zhang, Zhongwei Xiong","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1493555","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1493555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite the biomechanical advantages of the Femoral Neck System (FNS), improvements in postoperative complication rates have not been significant. This study evaluated the effects of different FNS positions on the biomechanical stability of Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures (FNFs) using finite element analysis (FEA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pauwels type III FNF models fixed with different FNS positions were constructed using various bolt lengths, bolt positions, and axis-bolt angles. Biomechanical parameters, including stiffness, maximum implant von Mises stress (MIVS), maximum interfragmentary shear stress (MISS), and maximum interfragmentary gap (MIG), were analyzed by simulating early postoperative weight-bearing. Entropy scoring was used to rank the performance of different fixation positions to determine the optimal FNS implantation position.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with that of the standard model, the biomechanical stability changed when FNS positioning was altered. Among all the evaluated parameters, MIG had the highest weight (60.04%). In the lateral view, fracture fixation was most stable when the bolt was rotated 5° anteriorly relative to the femoral neck axis (composite score = 0.87). However, stability was poorer when the bolt was rotated 9° inward relative to the femoral neck axis (composite score = 0.13).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The MIG is an important biomechanical parameter for assessing the stability of different FNS positions when treating FNFs. Shortening the distance between the bolt and the subchondral bone, upward movement, external rotation, and anterior rotation of the bolt can help improve the stability of the FNS in the treatment of Pauwels III FNFs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"13 ","pages":"1493555"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selenium-modified hydroxyapatite titanium coating: enhancing osteogenesis and inhibiting cancer in bone invasion by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"Xutao Wen, Qin Zhou, Sihan Lin, Huaming Mai, Ling Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1552661","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1552661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) frequently invades the jaw, and surgical treatment often leads to bone defects requiring reconstruction with titanium plates. To enhance the anti-tumor and bone regeneration properties of titanium, a selenium-modified hydroxyapatite coating was developed on titanium surfaces.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Selenium-modified hydroxyapatite coatings was fabricated using micro-arc oxidation (MAO). The coating properties were characterized by SEM, XPS, AFM, Contacting angle test and ICP-OES. Cell proliferation assays were performed using rBMSCs and Cal27 cells. The osteogenic potential of the materials was assessed via ALP and OCN immunofluorescence staining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Apoptosis in Cal27 cells was analyzed through flow cytometry, and ROS levels in rBMSCs and Cal27 cells were measured using ROS fluorescent probes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A coating was successfully formed on the surface of titanium with a porous structure via MAO. The atomic percentages of calcium, phosphorus and selenium on the coating surface were 42.47%, 45.43% and 12.3%, respectively, and the ion components could be released steadily and slowly. <i>In vitro</i>, 0.2 µg/mL selenium had toxic effects on Cal27 and promoted osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. PCR showed that selenium increased the expression of genes related to osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs by 3-5 times. ROS detection found differences in intracellular ROS content between Cal27 and rBMSCs.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>By incorporating selenium-modified coatings, titanium implant materials can simultaneously promote osteogenesis and inhibit tumor growth, offering a promising strategy for postoperative functional recovery in HNSCC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"13 ","pages":"1552661"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogel and scalp/skin conductivities impact dose from tumor treating fields.","authors":"Edwin Lok, Olivia Liang, Monika Haack, Eric T Wong","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1484317","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1484317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are delivered by transducer arrays applied to scalp or body surface for treatment of multiple malignancies. Dermatologic complications are thought to be related to hydrogel situated between the electrodes and scalp or skin to facilitate electric field penetration. High intensity of TTFields on these surfaces may also be a contributing factor. We explored conductivity changes in the hydrogel and skin to improve TTFields coverage and penetration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Magnetic resonance imaging datasets from 12 glioblastoma patients and attenuation-corrected positron emission tomography-computed tomography datasets from 3 non-small cell lung and 2 ovarian carcinoma patients were used to segment anatomic structures. Finite element mesh models were generated and solved for distribution of applied electric fields, rate of energy deposition, and current density at the gross tumor volume (GTV) and clinical target volume (CTV). Electric field-volume, specific absorption rate-volume, and current density-volume histograms were generated, by which plan quality metrics were used to evaluate relative differences in field coverage between models at various hydrogel and skin conductivities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By varying conductivity of hydrogel, TTFields coverage at GTV or CTV increased up to 0.5 S/m for head and 1.0 S/m for thorax and pelvis models, and no additional increase was observed beyond these saturation points. Although scalp hotspots increased or decreased by +1.5%, -0.1%, and -0.9% in E_5%, SAR_5%, and CD_5%, the skin hotspots increased by as much as +23.5%, +45.7%, and +20.6%, respectively. When altering conductivity of the entire scalp, TTFields coverage peaked near 1 S/m at the GTV or CTV for the head models. TTFields coverage in both the GTV and scalp increased up to 1 S/m for the head models but plateaued thereafter. Contouring under the scalp increased scalp hotspots by +316% in E_5% at 1 S/m compared to altering the conductivity of the entire scalp. GTV hotspots decreased by +17% in E_5% at 1 S/m.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TTFields delivery can be modulated by the conductivity of hydrogel and scalp/skin at the transducer-scalp or transducer-skin interface. Optimizing this aspect of TTFields delivery may increase tumor control while minimizing toxicity at the scalp or skin.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"13 ","pages":"1484317"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"There and turn back again: the application of phage serine integrases in eukaryotic systems.","authors":"Thais Torquato Sales, Marco Antônio de Oliveira, Lilian Hasegawa Florentino, Rayane Nunes Lima, Elibio Rech","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1478413","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1478413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Serine integrases (Ints) have gained prominence and have been extensively used in Synthetic Biology due to their ability to modify DNA sequences. Ints are recombinases encoded by the phage genome and have been used to unidirectionally catalyze an insertion, excision, or inversion of a specific DNA sequence between the two attachment sites (<i>att</i>) <i>attB</i> (bacterial attachment site) and <i>attP</i> (phage attachment site). The entire process is highly specific and accurate; therefore, Ints are widely used in genetic engineering and have been extensively studied due to their unique site-specific recombination properties and potential genome editing applications. Furthermore, new recombinational factors (RDFs) and their determinants are constantly being discovered, underlining the need to update progress in research involving Ints in eukaryotic cells. In this way, this review aims to provide an overview of Ints in eukaryotic cells and highlight how Ints can be used in innovative ways to advance genetic engineering applications in health, agriculture, and environmental sciences.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"13 ","pages":"1478413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic pathways to sustainability: review of purple non-sulfur bacteria potential in agri-food waste valorization.","authors":"Guillaume Bayon-Vicente, Laura Toubeau, Manon Gilson, Guillaume Gégo, Nishitha Landgey, Simone Krings, Baptiste Leroy","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1529032","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1529032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Agri-food waste (AFW) represents a significant fraction of the material generated by the agri-food industry, which itself accounts for almost one-third of the annual global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Considering the growing global population and the consequent rise in food demand, the management and valorization of this waste are essential to ensure the sustainability of the entire food chain for future generations. Recycling agri-food waste offers a promising strategy to mitigate the sector's environmental impact, particularly when the waste consists of food-grade materials that enhance its intrinsic value. Retaining such products within the agri-food chain by converting them into feed or food, a process referred to as \"waste upcycling,\" is therefore of critical importance. Purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) are emerging as promising candidates for AFW upcycling due to their remarkable metabolic versatility, which allows them to metabolize a wide range of organic substrates, including carbohydrates, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and alcohols, into valuable microbial biomass. This biomass is notably rich in superior quality proteins, vitamins, pigments, and other high-value compounds. The phototrophic metabolism of PNSB is particularly advantageous for organic matter valorization, as the carbon conversion yield approaches unity by utilizing light as an energy source. This review explores the potential of PNSB in upcycling AFW streams derived from various sources, such as fruit and vegetable residues, as well as effluents from the dairy, brewery, and sugar industries. The pre-treatment methods required to optimize substrate availability are also discussed. Furthermore, we examine the metabolic pathways utilized by PNSB under phototrophic conditions to assimilate the most common carbon substrates found in AFW, highlighting critical gaps in our understanding of their metabolism. Additionally, challenges and opportunities in AFW valorization, with a focus on PNSB applications, are identified. This review underscores recent advancements and ongoing challenges, emphasizing the potential role of PNSB in driving sustainable circular bioeconomy applications for AFW.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"13 ","pages":"1529032"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of running shoe stack height on running style and stability during level running at different running speeds.","authors":"Cagla Kettner, Bernd Stetter, Thorsten Stein","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1526752","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2025.1526752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The footwear market contains a wide variety of running shoe solutions aiming at optimizing performance and minimizing injuries. Stack height is one of the most highly discussed design features of running shoes, but its effects are not yet well understood. This study investigated the effects of different shoes differing mainly in their stack heights (High: 50 mm, Medium: 35 mm and Low: 27 mm) on running style and stability during treadmill running at 10 and 15 km/h. A total of 17 healthy experienced runners participated. The kinematic data were recorded with a 3D motion capturing system. The running style was investigated with duty factor (DF) and leg length normalized to step frequency (SF_norm). Additionally, the ratio of landing to take-off duration, the lower body joint angle time series in the sagittal and frontal planes, the vertical center of mass oscillation (COM_osc), and the stiffness parameters (k_ver and k_leg) were compared for different conditions. The stability was analyzed using linear (i.e., discrete frontal ankle parameters) and nonlinear methods (i.e., Maximum Lyapunov Exponent for local dynamic stability of head, trunk, hip, and foot, and detrended fluctuation analysis of stride time). High resulted in longer ground contact relative to stride time (i.e., DF) compared to Low. The higher the stack height, the higher was the COM_osc. Furthermore, High led to a longer foot eversion during stance compared to Medium. In addition, the local dynamic stability of the hip decreased with High in comparison with Low. The higher stack heights (≥35 mm) led to a lower SF_norm at 15 km/h but not at 10 km/h. The remaining shoe effects were independent of running speed. Findings showed that changes in stack height can affect running style. Furthermore, the highest stack height resulted in changes related with instabilities (i.e., longer foot eversion and lower hip dynamic stability) which may be a critical issue in terms of injuries and performance. However, this study did not include joint load analysis or running performance measures such as VO₂. Future studies may benefit from combination of analysis approaches to better understand stack height effects on running injuries and performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"13 ","pages":"1526752"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11885301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}