Mohammad Esmail Nasrabadi, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Saeed Mohammadi, Fateme Zarif Azam Kardani, Mina Rahmati, Ali Memarian
{"title":"Pioglitazone as a potential modulator in autoimmune diseases: a review on its effects in systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Mohammad Esmail Nasrabadi, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Saeed Mohammadi, Fateme Zarif Azam Kardani, Mina Rahmati, Ali Memarian","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2401614","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2401614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Current medications for autoimmune disorders often induce broad-ranging side effects, prompting a growing interest in therapies with more specific immune system modulation. Pioglitazone, known for its anti-diabetic properties, is increasingly recognized for significant immunomodulatory potential. Beyond its traditional use in diabetes management, pioglitazone emerges as a promising therapeutic candidate for autoimmune disorders.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This comprehensive review explores pioglitazone's impact on four prominent autoimmune conditions: systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis. We focus on pioglitazone's diverse effects on immune cells and cytokines in these diseases, highlighting its potential as a valuable therapeutic option for autoimmune diseases. Here we have reviewed the latest and most current research literature available on PubMed, based on research published in the last 15 years.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Pioglitazone as an immunomodulatory agent can regulate T cell differentiation, inhibit inflammatory cytokines, and promote anti-inflammatory macrophages. While further clinical studies are needed to fully understand its mechanisms and optimize treatment strategies, pioglitazone represents a potential therapeutic approach to improve outcomes for patients with these challenging autoimmune conditions. The future of autoimmune disease research may involve personalized treatment approaches, and collaborative efforts to improve patient quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"5-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matteo Naso, Chiara Trincianti, Lorenzo Drago, Maria Daglia, Giulia Brindisi, Francesco Paolo Brunese, Giulio Dinardo, Alessandra Gori, Cristiana Indolfi, Enrico Tondina, Attilio Varricchio, Anna Maria Zicari, Giorgio Ciprandi
{"title":"Resveratrol: immunological activity and possible application in children and adolescents with allergic rhinitis.","authors":"Matteo Naso, Chiara Trincianti, Lorenzo Drago, Maria Daglia, Giulia Brindisi, Francesco Paolo Brunese, Giulio Dinardo, Alessandra Gori, Cristiana Indolfi, Enrico Tondina, Attilio Varricchio, Anna Maria Zicari, Giorgio Ciprandi","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2399705","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2399705","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Late effects following hematopoietic cell transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency: critical factors and therapeutic options.","authors":"Hesham Eissa, Morton J Cowan, Jennifer Heimall","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2402948","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2402948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is an inborn error of immunity that is fatal without hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) or gene therapy (GT). Survival outcomes have improved, largely due to implementation of SCID newborn screening. A better understanding of the long-term outcomes and late effects to address critical aspects of monitoring immune and general health life-long is needed.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>In a comprehensive review of PubMed indexed articles with publication dates 2008-2024 we describe the current knowledge of chronic and late effects (CLE) of HCT survivors for SCID as well as the role of GT and advances for specific SCID genotypes. We review factors affecting the development of CLE including disease related factors (genotype, trigger for diagnosis and presence of infection prior to HCT), transplant related factors (type of donor, conditioning regimen, immune reconstitution and graft versus host disease (GVHD) and describe causes and factors associated with higher risk for late mortality in this unique population. We further describe monitoring and potential therapeutic strategies for management of common CLE in this patient population.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Ongoing research efforts are needed to better describe CLE in survivors, to develop prospective clinical trials aimed at mitigating these CLE, and developing genotype-based approaches for management and follow-up of these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"73-82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shixian Liu, Jingyun Li, Yuan Zhang, Chengshuo Wang, Luo Zhang
{"title":"IL-10: the master immunomodulatory cytokine in allergen immunotherapy.","authors":"Shixian Liu, Jingyun Li, Yuan Zhang, Chengshuo Wang, Luo Zhang","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2406894","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2406894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying treatment for patients with IgE-mediated allergic diseases. Successful AIT can induce long-term immune tolerance to the common allergen, which provides clinical benefits for years after discontinuation. The cytokine interleukin (IL)-10, as a key anti-inflammatory mediator with strong immunoregulatory functions, has drawn increasing attention over the past decades.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>After an extensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases, covering articles published from 1989 to 2024, our review aims to emphasize the key common information from previous reviews on the crucial involvement of IL-10 in allergen immunotherapy (AIT) induced immunological tolerance. In this review, we discuss the regulation of IL-10 expression and the molecular pathways associated with IL-10 function. We also further summarize mechanisms of immune tolerance induced by AIT, especially the indispensable role of IL-10 in AIT.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>IL-10 plays an indispensable role in immune tolerance induced by AIT. Understanding the importance of the role of IL-10 in AIT would help us comprehend the mechanisms thoroughly and develop targeted therapeutics for allergic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"17-28"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing: an emerging tool revealing dysregulated innate and adaptive immune response at single cell level in Kawasaki disease.","authors":"Saniya Sharma, Sumit Goel, Taru Goyal, Rakesh Kumar Pilania, Ridhima Aggarwal, Taranpreet Kaur, Manpreet Dhaliwal, Amit Rawat, Surjit Singh","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2401105","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2401105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Kawasaki disease [KD] is a systemic disorder characterized by acute febrile illness due to widespread medium-vessel vasculitis, mainly affecting children. Despite the ongoing advanced research into the disease pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms, the exact etiopathogenesis of KD is still an enigma. Recently, single-cell RNA sequencing [scRNA-seq], has been utilized to elucidate the pathophysiology of KD at a resolution higher than that of previous methods.</p><p><strong>Area covered: </strong>In the present article, we re-emphasize the pivotal role of this high-resolution technique, scRNA-seq, in the characterization of immune cell transcriptomic profile and signaling/response pathways in KD and explore the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of this new technique in KD. Using combinations of the search phrases 'KD, scRNA-seq, CAA, childhood vasculitis' a literature search was carried out on Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed until the beginning of 2024.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>scRNA-seq presents a transformative tool for dissecting KD at the cellular level. By revealing rare cell populations, gene expression alterations, and disease-specific pathways, scRNA-seq aids in understanding the intricacies of KD pathogenesis. This review will provide new insights into pathogenesis of KD and the field of applications of scRNA-seq in personalized therapeutics for KD in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"83-92"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yangchun Liu, Jialing Zhang, Bingjie Zhang, Xuming Mao, Yiman Wang, Yanhong Wang, Meng Fan, Xuan Liu, Jin An, Hongzhong Jin, Li Li
{"title":"Isolation and analysis of the exosomal membrane proteins in bullous pemphigoid.","authors":"Yangchun Liu, Jialing Zhang, Bingjie Zhang, Xuming Mao, Yiman Wang, Yanhong Wang, Meng Fan, Xuan Liu, Jin An, Hongzhong Jin, Li Li","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2396155","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2396155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a severe autoimmune sub-epidermal bullous disease. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted by most cell types. The exosomal membrane proteins are implicated in various biological and pathological pathways. This study aims to explore the potential roles of exosomes in BP pathomechanism.</p><p><strong>Research design: </strong>We collected plasma samples from 30 BP patients and 31 healthy controls. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) was used to analyze the size and concentration of exosomes. The immunogold labelling experiment and extracellular vesicle (EV) array were performed to detect the content and distribution of exosomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The exosomes from both the BP and control groups' plasma were successfully extracted. EV Array showed that CD63 and CD9 levels were significantly higher in the BP group than in the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Expression levels of the BP180 NC16A and intracellular domain (ICD) were higher in the anti-BP180 positive group versus the controls (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The active BP group exhibits higher CD63 and BP180 ICD protein concentrations than the control or inactive BP groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BP180 autoantigen fragments were expressed on the exosomal membrane in BP patients. The BP180 ICD and CD63 on exosomes could potentially be novel biomarkers for monitoring disease activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1493-1501"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alia Fazaa, Yasmine Makhlouf, Faiza Ben Massoud, Saoussen Miladi, Hiba Boussaa, Kmar Ouenniche, Leila Souebni, Selma Kassab, Selma Chekili, Kawther Ben Abdelghani, Ahmed Laatar
{"title":"Behçet disease: epidemiology, classification criteria and treatment modalities.","authors":"Alia Fazaa, Yasmine Makhlouf, Faiza Ben Massoud, Saoussen Miladi, Hiba Boussaa, Kmar Ouenniche, Leila Souebni, Selma Kassab, Selma Chekili, Kawther Ben Abdelghani, Ahmed Laatar","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2388693","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2388693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Behçet disease (BD) is an inflammatory multisystem disorder of unknown etiology, believed to be triggered by infection and environmental factors in genetically predisposed individuals. The significance of understanding BD lies in its impact on global health due to its diverse clinical manifestations and geographical distribution.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review discusses the epidemiology of BD, emphasizing its prevalence estimated at 10.3 (95% CI, 6.1, 17.7) per 100,000 population, with higher rates observed in regions historically linked to the Silk Route. The criteria for diagnosis are explored, focusing on clinical manifestations that guide healthcare professionals in identifying and managing BD. Additionally, the review encompasses treatment strategies, highlighting TNF-alpha inhibitors as pivotal biologics and newer agents like IL-1 inhibitors and Ustekinumab that broaden the therapeutic options for BD.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Our work provides insights into the evolving landscape of treatments for BD, emphasizing the expanding role of newer agents alongside established therapies like TNF-alpha inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1437-1448"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141888889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indrashis Podder, Andaç Salman, Riccardo Asero, Maria Teresa Caballero, Carlo Caffarelli, Leticia De Las Vecillas, Ana Maria Gimenez-Arnau, Mattia Giovannini, Emek Kocatürk, Pavel Kolkhir, Sara Manti, Tatiana Navarro Cascales, Marcus Maurer
{"title":"Biological drugs for the treatment of children with chronic spontaneous urticaria.","authors":"Indrashis Podder, Andaç Salman, Riccardo Asero, Maria Teresa Caballero, Carlo Caffarelli, Leticia De Las Vecillas, Ana Maria Gimenez-Arnau, Mattia Giovannini, Emek Kocatürk, Pavel Kolkhir, Sara Manti, Tatiana Navarro Cascales, Marcus Maurer","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2388689","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2388689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There is a significant prevalence of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) in children across the globe. Some children with CSU do not achieve disease control with first-line antihistamine treatment and may need anti-IgE therapy with omalizumab. Recently, several novel treatment options, including dupilumab and BTK inhibitors, showed promising results in the treatment of antihistamine-refractory CSU in adults. However, information regarding their use in pediatric CSU is scarce, and most data is extrapolated from adult studies.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The review highlights the evidence on the use of mAbs and small-molecule inhibitors in pediatric CSU and aims to bridge the knowledge gaps and highlight unmet needs.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Omalizumab is approved for allergic asthma patients aged ≥6 years, and some experience with omalizumab in children with CSU at this age has been published. However, approximately 5-10% of pediatric CSU patients may show insufficient response to omalizumab, necessitating other therapies. The available information on the off-label use of biologics other than omalizumab in children is limited to case reports. No data is available for other new therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1427-1435"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cross-talk between immune cells and tumor cells in non-Hodgkin lymphomas arising in common variable immunodeficiency.","authors":"Saniya Sharma, Taru Goyal, Sanchi Chawla, Pallavi L Nadig, Arjun Bhodiakhera, Ankur Kumar Jindal, Rakesh Kumar Pilania, Manpreet Dhaliwal, Amit Rawat, Surjit Singh","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2398546","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2398546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>CVID is the commonest and most symptomatic primary immune deficiency of adulthood. NHLs are the most prevalent malignancies in CVID. The cross-talk between tumor cells and immune cells may be an important risk factor in lymphomagenesis.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The present review highlights immune cell, genetic and histopathological alterations in the CVID-associated NHLs.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>CVID patients exhibit some notable immune defects that may predispose to lymphomas. T/NK cell defects including reduced T cells, naïve CD4+T cells, T regs, and Th17 cells, increased CD8+T cells with reduced T cell proliferative and cytokine responses and reduced iNKT and NK cell count and cytotoxicity. B cell defects include increased transitional and CD21<sup>low</sup> B cells, clonal IgH gene rearrangements, and increased BCMA levels. Increase in IL-9, sCD30 levels, and upregulation of BAFF-BAFFR signaling are associated with lymphomas in CVID. Increased expression of <i>PFTK1</i>, duplication of <i>ORC4L</i>, germline defects in <i>TACI</i>, <i>NFKB1</i>, and <i>PIK3CD</i>, and somatic mutations in <i>NOTCH2</i> and <i>MYD88</i> are reported in CVID-associated lymphomas. Upregulation of PD-L1-PD-1 pathway may also promote lymphomagenesis in CVID. These abnormalities need to be explored as prognostic or predictive markers of CVID-associated NHLs by large multicentric studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1461-1470"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}