Fitoterapia最新文献

{"title":"Combating depression with rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)-derived polyphenols: Major phytochemicals, functional properties, and potential","authors":"Lianhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Depression is a common mental condition with high prevalence and recurrence rates worldwide. The active polyphenols in <em>Rosmarinus officinalis</em> L. contain several pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and neuroprotective characteristics. However, the effects of rosemary polyphenols on depression have not been thoroughly studied. The anti-inflammatory activity and regulatory effects on gut microbiota of key rosemary polyphenols, as well as their impacts on depression, are the main emphasis of this research. We conclude that the anti-depressive effects of rosemary polyphenols are due to anti-inflammatory properties and bidirectional relationship with gut microbiota, including inhibiting inflammatory pathways and cytokines (reducing pro-inflammation cytokines, suppressing NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasomes, and upregulating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway), altering intestinal microbiota structure and metabolites (polyphenols-related microbial metabolites and biotransformation of polyphenols by microbiota). This paper provides a better understanding of the anti-depressive effects of polyphenols in <em>Rosmarinus officinalis</em> L.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106563"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143890784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant capacity, acute toxicity, and gastroprotective potential of Angelica glauca root: A promising high-altitude medicinal herb","authors":"Swati ,&nbsp;Bhavna Kumar ,&nbsp;H.K. Pandey ,&nbsp;Ramandeep Kaur ,&nbsp;Shweta Mishra ,&nbsp;Mohd Abul Kalam","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Angelica glauca</em>, a therapeutic and aromatic herb native to the Himalayas, has been traditionally used for culinary purposes and to treat various ailments including rheumatism, asthma, bronchitis, reproductive, and gastrointestinal disorders. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of phytochemical profiling of the root extract of <em>A. glauca</em>, its antioxidant potential, acute oral toxicity, and gastroprotective effects. Phytochemical quantification of <em>A. glauca</em> revealed significant levels of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins in the hydroalcoholic extract, with major bioactive compounds such as ligustilide, butylidenephthalides, <em>β</em>-bisabolene, and p-hydroxyphenethyl trans-ferulate identified via LC-TOF-MS. Extract exhibited potent antioxidant activity (68 μg/mL) and was non-toxic in acute oral toxicity tests in rats. In ethanol-induced gastric ulcer models, the extract (500 mg/kg) significantly reduced the ulcer-index, enhanced gastric pH, and reduced pepsin levels. Histological analysis confirmed protection against mucosal lesions and necrosis. SOD, CAT, GSH and LPO levels were 173 U/g, 78 U/g, 195 μM GSH/g and 194 nM MDA/g of tissue, respectively at 500 mg/kg dose. This treatment restored the antioxidant systems and reduced the MDA level, indicating its ability to counter oxidative stress. The IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly reduced. Level of IL-6 was reduced by 31.2 % and 57.1 % at 500 mg/Kg and 250 mg/Kg dose, respectively while TNF-α concentration was reduced by 32 % and 60 %, respectively. These findings highlight the gastroprotective efficacy of root extract due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study establishes the herb's potential as source of bioactive compounds for developing novel therapy against gastric ulcers and other gastrointestinal disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aristolochia species (Aristolochiaceae) from the Americas, a review of their traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties","authors":"Anna Paizanni Guillén ,&nbsp;Elihú Bautista ,&nbsp;Jesús Morales-Jiménez ,&nbsp;David Douterlungne","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Aristolochia</em> is a pantropical genus with important pharmacological properties. Despite making up 75 % of the global <em>Aristolochia</em>, the species from the Americas have received comparatively little research attention. Here, we exhaustively review the ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry of <em>Aristolochia</em> species from the Americas, based upon 238 literature references and specimen vouchers of 28 Americas herbaria. The resulting database encompasses 919 records on 95 <em>Aristolochia</em> species with 129 documented traditional medicinal uses. South America and Mexico displayed the highest prevalence of traditional medicinal uses at the regional and national levels, respectively. The most recurrent medicinal uses included treatments against poisonous animals (17.6 %), gastrointestinal diseases (15.1 %), and gynecological diseases (9.89 %). American Aristolochia species produce secondary metabolites such as lignans, diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, isoquinoline and protopine type alkaloids, aristolactams, and aristolochic acids that have been shown to have substantial therapeutic potential. These compounds exhibit various properties, such as neurotrophic effects, inhibition of myotoxicity, anticholinergic and antihistaminic activities, relaxation of the tracheal muscle, as well as antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal activity and, antispasmodic effects. However, <em>in vivo</em> and toxicity tests remain scarce. For example, less than 5 % of the publications focus on isolating aristolochic acids, known for their association with nephropathy and urothelial cancer. We found no instances of hazardous or fatal incidents resulting from traditional uses, despite their known toxicity. This is likely because traditional healers are aware of the hazards and dosage quantities. Finally, we identified crucial future directions for <em>Aristolochia</em> studies based on promising bioprospecting studies; relatively understudied infrageneric groups; poorly known traditional uses, and species-specific chemical compounds without further studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum gymnandrum Maxim. and their anti-inflammatory activity","authors":"Chengfeng Gao ,&nbsp;Man Zhu ,&nbsp;Yang Xu ,&nbsp;Yali Wang ,&nbsp;Dejuan Sun ,&nbsp;Hua Li ,&nbsp;Lixia Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on the aerial parts of <em>Aconitum gymnandrum</em> Maxim. led to identifying three undescribed diterpenoid alkaloids gymnaconitines H-J (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>3</strong>), along with eleven known analogues (<strong>4</strong>–<strong>14</strong>). Based on 1D/2D NMR and HRESIMS, the structures of these compounds were successfully determined. Additionally, the inhibitory effects of all compounds on NO production were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. It is noteworthy that compounds <strong>1</strong>, <strong>3</strong> and <strong>6</strong> demonstrated significant inhibitory effects, showing IC₅₀ values of 10.36 ± 1.02 μM, 12.87 ± 1.11 μM, and 19.67 ± 1.29 μM, respectively. Using target screening and molecular docking technology, it is hypothesized that compound <strong>1</strong> may play an anti-inflammatory role by combining with Flamin-B.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106553"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular events responsible for hypoglycaemic attributes of Fernandoa adenophylla extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetes","authors":"Ammara Hakeem ,&nbsp;Mohammad Saleem ,&nbsp;Rukhsana Anwar ,&nbsp;Muhammad Asif ,&nbsp;Taha Muhammad ,&nbsp;Sherif S. Ebada ,&nbsp;Nawal M. Al Musayeib ,&nbsp;Mohamed L. Ashour","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditionally, people use the decoction of <em>Fernandoa adenophylla</em> leaves to treat diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the antidiabetic activity of <em>F. adenophylla</em> methanol extract (Fa.Me) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes rats, with metformin as a positive control. We analysed several relevant biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes using ELISA assays and assessed gene expression (PEPCK, G6-PDH, PFKFB1, GS, GK, and GLUT-4) using qRT-PCR. The obtained results revealed an upregulation of G6-PDH (PPS pathway), PFKFB1 (glycolysis), GS (glycogenesis), and GLUT-4 (glucose transporter), while the PEPCK (gluconeogenesis) gene was downregulated. Besides, the antidiabetic biomarkers showed elevated adiponectin, SOD, and glutathione levels; however, amylase level decreased in the treatment groups. We observed a dose-dependent reduction in HbA1c, insulin, and random blood glucose in the metformin and Fa.Me groups. Histopathological analysis of animals' liver and pancreas showed an intact structure of hepatocytes in extract groups, while atrophic changes in the pancreas were observed in the diseased group. By modulating the oxidative stress and glucose metabolism-control genes, <em>F. adenophylla</em> demonstrated significant antidiabetic properties and held potential for further clinical exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous estimation of bioactive markers using validated HPTLC method and assessment of hepatoprotective effect of HEPASAVE: An Ayurvedic formulation","authors":"Dipal M. Gandhi ,&nbsp;Kriti H. Sharma ,&nbsp;Aakash Kumar S ,&nbsp;Jigar N. Shah ,&nbsp;Snehal S. Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new, precise, and reproducible HPTLC method was developed and validated for the estimation of andrographolide (AG), gallic acid (GA), and kutkin (KT2) in an ayurvedic formulation, HEPASAVE Syrup. The quantification of the three biomarkers was performed on TLC aluminum plates pre-coated with silica gel 60F₂₅₄ as stationary phase. Linear ascending development was carried out in a Camag twin trough glass chamber saturated with toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid: methanol (3:3:0.8:0.4, <em>v</em>/v/<em>v</em>/v) at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C). Camag TLC scanner III was used for simultaneous spectro-densitometric scanning and analysis in absorbance mode at 254 nm. The system was found to give compact spots for AG, GA, and KT2 with the respective R_f values of 0.74, 0.66, and 0.21. The data for calibration plots showed a good linear relationship for AG with r² = 0.995, GA with r² = 0.993, and KT2 with r² = 0.992 in the concentration range of 200 ng to 800 ng, 80 ng to 320 ng and 2000 ng to 6000 ng, respectively to the peak area. The amount of AG, GA, and KT2 in the formulation was quantified and found to be 1.27 %<em>w</em>/<em>v</em>, 1.15 %w/v, and 0.014 %w/v, respectively. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the method is reproducible for the quantification of AG, GA, and KT2, simultaneously in HEPASAVE Syrup. It also significantly reduced the levels of SGPT, SGOT, and ALP in animals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfated modification of polysaccharides from Sophora flavescens: Impact on antioxidant, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities","authors":"Xiaoliang Zhao ,&nbsp;Qingsong Zhou ,&nbsp;He Mou ,&nbsp;Li Ma ,&nbsp;Yanmei Liu ,&nbsp;Kaili Qi ,&nbsp;Cunjin Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Ji Zhang ,&nbsp;Weijie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three polysaccharides, namely SHC, SFH, and SFA, were extracted from <em>Sophora sophora</em> under various conditions. A single-factor experimental design was employed to investigate the influence of reaction solvent, sulfating reagent ratio, reaction time, and temperature on the yield of sulfated products, the degree of sulfate group substitution, and their inhibitory effects on HepG2 cell proliferation. Three sulfated derivatives, SHCS, SFHS, and SFAS, were synthesized and confirmed through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet Spectroscopy, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Among these, SFHS exhibited the highest degree of substitution (DS) at 1.22, followed by SFAS at 0.97 and SFCS at 0.56. <em>In vitro</em> analyses revealed that sulfated modification significantly enhanced free radical scavenging activity, tumor cell growth inhibition, and immune response enhancement. Specifically, SFHS exhibited scavenging activities against DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide anion free radicals with rates of 69.8 % ± 6.1 %, 50.4 % ± 4.2 %, and 58.5 % ± 5.1 %, respectively, at 5 mg/mL. Furthermore, it inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells by 51.9 % ± 5.6 % at 400 μg/mL and HeLa cells by 43.7 % ± 1.8 % at 800 μg/mL. At 800 μg/mL, SFHS treatment resulted in a phagocytosis rate of neutral red by RAW264.7 macrophages, which was 246.6 % ± 13.9 % relative to the control group, while nitric oxide production was measured at 237.6 % ± 6.2 %. These results suggest that sulfation can enhance the biological functions of polysaccharides derived from <em>S. flavescens</em>, indicating potential applications in functional foods and pharmaceuticals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106560"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network pharmacology of Epilobium angustifolium metabolites in relation to in vitro analyses of its extracts","authors":"Benita Hryć ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Cvetanović Kljakić ,&nbsp;Mehmet Veysi Cetiz ,&nbsp;Gunes Ak ,&nbsp;Gokhan Zengin ,&nbsp;Ismail Senkardes ,&nbsp;Łukasz Świątek ,&nbsp;Marcin Kunecki ,&nbsp;Kinga Salwa ,&nbsp;Elwira Sieniawska","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Epilobium angustifolium</em> L. is a perennial herbaceous plant known for various therapeutic properties, however its biological activity is not fully explored. In this study, we examined antioxidant activities of extracts of different polarity (<em>n</em>-hexane, ethyl acetate and 70 % ethanol in water) and their potential to inhibit amylase, glucosidase, tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, as well as cytotoxic effects. Moreover, phytochemical analysis performed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS) revealed the presence of hydrolysable tannins (gallotannins and ellagitannins), flavonoids, phenolic acids derivatives and esters of saccharides, triterpenoids and lipids. The aqueous-ethanolic extract exhibited the best radical scavenging and reducing abilities. The identified compounds in the extracts were subjected to Disease Ontology enrichment analysis and screening of potential targets, which identified significant associations with colon carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma. The predicted cytotoxicity was checked against cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines. The <em>E. angustifolium</em> aqueous-ethanolic extract showed weak cytotoxicity on non-cancerous monkey kidney fibroblasts (VERO cells) and moderate cytotoxicity against cancer-derived cells (malignant melanoma, human gastric adenocarcinoma, human hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, human colon cancer), with the highest toxicity and cytotoxic selectivity observed for hypopharyngeal (CC₅₀ = 37.52 μg/mL, SI = 6.39) and colon (CC₅₀ = 37.27 μg/mL, SI = 6.43) cancer-derived cells. Key drug targets were identified using CTD, STRING, GeneCards, and DisGeNET databases, followed by protein-protein interaction network analysis. Molecular docking using AutoDock Vina revealed that compounds gemin D and hamamelitannin demonstrated strong binding affinities with cancer-related proteins. These findings revealed the potential of indicated molecules as anti-proliferative agents and suggest the need for further research to optimize their efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106552"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143890787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eight new triterpenoid saponins from the leaves of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge and their neuroprotective effects","authors":"Wen-xiang Xu ,&nbsp;Zhen-yun Liu ,&nbsp;Qing-yue Bu ,&nbsp;Peng Jiang ,&nbsp;Yi-qiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu-meng Luo ,&nbsp;Wei Guan ,&nbsp;Xiao-chi Ma ,&nbsp;Meng-meng Li ,&nbsp;Qing-shan Chen ,&nbsp;Li-li Zhang ,&nbsp;Hai-xue Kuang ,&nbsp;Bing-you Yang ,&nbsp;Yan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eight new triterpenoid saponins, named huangqiyesaponin IV to XI (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>8</strong>), along with three previously identified compounds (<strong>9</strong>–<strong>11</strong>), were isolated from the 70 % ethanol solution of the leaves of <em>Astragalus membranaceus</em> (Fisch.) Bunge. These compounds were isolated through various column chromatography techniques, including those using silica gel, ODS, and preparative liquid chromatography. Their structures were elucidated based on comprehensive spectral analyses, including 1D and 2D-NMR, HRESIMS, and IR, as well as comparisons with existing literature. Additionally, HT22 cells stimulated with D-galactose were employed to assess the neuroprotective potential of all isolated compounds. The findings revealed that compounds <strong>3</strong> and <strong>7</strong>–<strong>9</strong> demonstrated notable neuroprotective effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106559"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UPLC-MS/MS analysis of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Extract and its ameliorative effect of endothelial cell metabolism in isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury","authors":"Yan Li,&nbsp;Xiaofei Xue,&nbsp;Meng Peng,&nbsp;Xiaolin Zheng,&nbsp;Hailong Tao,&nbsp;Sen Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salvia miltiorrhiza</em> Bge. (<em>S. miltiorrhiza</em>) is an important herbal medicine, and the researches mainly focused on the roots of <em>S. miltiorrhiza</em> rather than the above-ground parts. Therefore, the detailed research on the above-ground parts of <em>S. miltiorrhiza</em> is still unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the constituents of the above-ground parts of <em>S. miltiorrhiza</em> extract (SME) and evaluate its effect on endothelial cell injury. For this purpose, the constituents of SME were identified by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and 41 compounds were determined, including terpenes, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, sterols and phenolic acids. The effect of SME on endothelial cell was evaluated using isoproterenol (ISO)-treated C57BL/6 mice and hypoxia-treated HUVECs, and the results revealed that SME could improve endothelial cell injury in ISO-induced myocardial infarction model and hypoxia-induced HUVECs injury. In this process, SME could inhibit reactive oxygen species production, decrease the levels of malondialdehyde, lactic dehydrogenase, pyruvic acid, intracellular iron ions and sugar, and increase the levels of glutathione. Meanwhile, SME could improve the abnormal expressions of apoptosis-, glycolysis- and ferroptosis-related proteins. Taken together, our data demonstrated that SME treatment could alleviate endothelial cell injury by regulating HIF-1α mediated glycolysis and ferroptosis signals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}