Fitoterapia最新文献

{"title":"Alstoscholarisine L, a novel caged monoterpenoid indole alkaloid with antifungal activity from Alstonia scholaris","authors":"Hao-Fei Yu ,&nbsp;Cai-Feng Ding ,&nbsp;Lan-Chun Zhang ,&nbsp;Khalid-Hassan Mohamed ,&nbsp;Zhi Dai ,&nbsp;Xin Wei ,&nbsp;Xiao-Nian Li ,&nbsp;Ya-Ping Liu ,&nbsp;Rong-Ping Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Dong Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alstoscholarisine L is an architecturally complex monoterpenoid indole alkaloid with a unique ring fusion pattern, isolated from the leaves of <em>Alstonia scholaris</em>. The 6/5/5/6/6/6-membered rings contain two lactonic rings and one aminal carbon and possess seven contiguous aligned stereocenters, three of which are quaternary. Its structure was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analyses, quantum chemical computations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The unusual highly fused, cage-like skeleton is possibly derived from picrinine. The fascinating compound exhibited potential antifungal activity against <em>Candida albicans</em>, and its activity was roughly comparable to the first line antifungal drug fluconazole and significantly more effective than the plant-derived antibacterial drug berberine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the antiproliferative and antioxidant potential of xanthoxylin and of essential oil isolated from Pulicaria incisa (Lam.) DC. herbal medicine","authors":"Antonella Porrello ,&nbsp;Alessia Postiglione ,&nbsp;Natale Badalamenti ,&nbsp;Maurizio Bruno ,&nbsp;Adriana Basile ,&nbsp;Lucia Capasso ,&nbsp;Paola Bontempo ,&nbsp;Viviana Maresca","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study have been evaluated the antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of Israeli <em>Pulicaria incisa</em> (Lam.) DC. essential oil (<strong>Pi1</strong>), of essential oil partially purified by xanthoxylin (<strong>Pi2</strong>), one of its feature metabolites, and the isolated xanthoxylin (<strong>Xan</strong>). From the compositional analysis carried out by GC–MS oxygenated monoterpenes class was the main class (71.18 %), with <em>cis</em>-chrysanthenol (55.66 %) as the most abundant components, following by carvotanacetone (11.68 %). Other metabolites represented the second class (20.33 %), being xanthoxylin (15.35 %) the principal metabolites, isolated and characterized by NMR tecniques. <strong>Pi1</strong> and <strong>Xan</strong> showed good antioxidant activity causing a clear reduction in ROS levels and an increase in CAT and SOD activity, while <strong>Pi2</strong> showed a reduction in enzymatic activity. Furthermore, <strong>Pi1</strong> and <strong>Xan</strong> demonstrated an apoptotic antiproliferative effect in a dose-dependent manner on solid and hematological tumors, unlike <strong>Pi2</strong> which showed lower activity. These data showed that <em>P. incisa</em> EO had interesting antioxidant and antitumor activity and that the biological activities exhibited by the essential oil as a whole are mainly due to xanthoxylin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction notice to “Quercetin: A flavonol with multifaceted therapeutic applications?” [Fitoterapia 106 (2015) 256–271]","authors":"Gabriele D'Andrea","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106320","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical constituents, anti-rheumatic potential, and anti-inflammatory properties of the aqueous extract from the aerial parts of Aristolochia esperanzae Kuntze","authors":"Camila Fortes Corrêa ,&nbsp;Natália de Matos Balsalobre ,&nbsp;Elisangela dos Santos-Procopio ,&nbsp;Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso ,&nbsp;Maria do Carmo Vieira ,&nbsp;Luciano da Silva Pinto ,&nbsp;Carlos André Ferreira Moraes ,&nbsp;Victor Augusto Ferres Chacon ,&nbsp;Joelcio Freitas ,&nbsp;Silvia Cristina Heredia-Vieira ,&nbsp;Cláudio Rodrigo Nogueira ,&nbsp;Candida Aparecida Leite Kassuya","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although <em>Aristolochia</em> plants remain controversial due to their toxicity, this group of perianth-bearing plants, which includes the medicinal species <em>Aristolochia esperanzae</em>, is among the most relevant from an ethnobotanical perspective. All parts of <em>A. esperanzae</em> are used in popular medicine in the form of infusion for the treatment of rheumatism. Thus, the anti-inflammatory properties and the chemical composition of the aqueous extract (AELS) obtained from <em>A. esperanzae</em> aerial parts were examined in this research. AELS was analyzed using chromatographic, hyphenated, spectrometric techniques, and a total of 35 compounds, seven alkaloids, one alkamide, seven flavonoids, four phenolic compounds, one terpene lactone, three epoxylignans, two dibenzylbutyrolactolic, five dibenzylbutyrolactone, three furofuran lignans, and two labdane diterpenes, were found in this extract. Four doses of AELS (3−300 mg/kg) were administered, by oral route (p.o.), to female Swiss mice in the carrageenan pleurisy test. The dose of 100 mg/kg was tested in Swiss mice in two models: carrageenan, complete adjuvant Freunds (CFA) and zymosan inflammatory models. The AELS extract was assayed using the methylthiazolidiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test to verify the leukocyte viability, and this showed no cytotoxicity in vitro. AELS significantly interfered with nitric oxide production and reduced leukocyte migration to the pleura following carrageenan stimulation. AELS significantly inhibited nitric oxide production, leukocyte migration, and mechanical hyperalgesia after zymosan-stimulated joint inflammatory process. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that AELS exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and is rich in compounds known for their anti-inflammatory potential, thereby supporting the traditional use of <em>A. esperanzae</em> in treating rheumatism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ingenane diterpenoids with anti-inflammatory activity from Euphorbia antiquorum","authors":"Ren-Fen Ma ,&nbsp;Qian Wu ,&nbsp;Yin-Po Pan ,&nbsp;Hu Liu ,&nbsp;Xin-Cheng Zhuang ,&nbsp;Hua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>Euphorbia</em> plants are famous for their diterpenoid constituents with diverse structures and broad biological activities. Herein, the discovery of 15 ingenane diterpenoids including 10 previously unreported ones (<strong>1</strong>−<strong>10</strong>) from <em>Euphorbia antiquorum</em> was presented. Structures of the undescribed compounds were established via detailed spectroscopic analyses. Meanwhile, a preliminary anti-inflammatory screening revealed that compound <strong>6</strong> showed significant inhibitory activity against the production of nitric oxide, as well as downregulated the expression of COX-2 and IL-6, in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Further mechanistical exploration revealed that compound <strong>6</strong> could exert its anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting NF-κB and activating Nrf2 signaling pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Undescribed and known phenolic acid derivatives with significant antioxidant activity from the Scorzonera parviflora Jacq. roots","authors":"Özlem Bahadır Acıkara ,&nbsp;Ufuk Ataman ,&nbsp;Christian Zidorn ,&nbsp;Josef Cvacka ,&nbsp;Ekin Kurtul ,&nbsp;Milos Buděšínský ,&nbsp;Lucie Bednarova ,&nbsp;Sezen Yılmaz Sarıaltın","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The antioxidant activity of <em>Scorzonera parviflora</em> Jacq. roots were assessed by measuring their ability to scavenge ABTS and DPPH radicals. Bioactivity-guided fractionation was utilized to identify the compound(s) responsible for this activity. The most active phase, ethyl acetate, was isolated using column chromatography. The resulting fractions were then purified using preparative TLC on reverse phase and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the pure compounds were elucidated by spectral analysis (MS and ¹H, ¹³C, 2D-NMR). Three undescribed phenolic acid derivatives, namely parvifloric acid A <strong>(1)</strong>, B <strong>(2)</strong>, and C <strong>(3)</strong>, and one new sesquiterpene lactone, parviflorin <strong>(4)</strong> together with seven known compounds were isolated and identified as scopolin <strong>(5)</strong>, scopoletin <strong>(6)</strong>, caffeic acid <strong>(7)</strong>, protocatechuic acid <strong>(8)</strong>, 4,5-<em>O</em>-dicaffeoylquinic acid <strong>(9)</strong> 3,5-<em>O</em>-dicaffeoylquinic acid <strong>(10)</strong>, and 3,5-<em>O</em>-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester <strong>(11)</strong>. Finally, the pure compounds obtained were tested to evaluate their antioxidant capacities, using ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging potencies. The highest activity was observed with 3,5-<em>O</em>-dicaffeoylquinic acid <strong>(10)</strong>, followed by its methyl ester.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resource distribution, pharmacological activity, toxicology and clinical drugs of β-Carboline alkaloids: An updated and systematic review","authors":"Lili Yu ,&nbsp;Na Shen ,&nbsp;Jiani Ren,&nbsp;Huawei Xin,&nbsp;Yulei Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>β-Carboline alkaloids are a broad class of indole alkaloids that were first isolated from <em>Peganum harmala</em> L., a traditional Chinese herbal remedy. β-Carboline alkaloids have been found to have many pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. β-Carboline alkaloids have been studied, and nine therapeutic medications based on its structural skeleton have been utilized to treat a range of illnesses. These compounds' potent pharmacological action and high druggability have garnered a lot of interest. This review systematically summarized resource distribution, pharmacological activity, toxicology and clinical drugs of β-Carboline alkaloids. These alkaloids are mostly found in plants, particularly (<em>Peganum harmala</em> L.), although they are also present in food, bacteria, fungus, and animals. By inhibiting NF-κB, MAPKs, and PI3K-AKT multiple signal pathways, they demonstrate a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, oxidative, neurological, cancer, fungal, and leishmania pharmacological activity. Toxicology revealed that β-Carboline alkaloids can produce confusion, irritability, dyskinesia, nausea, vomiting, and audiovisual hallucinations in addition to stimulating the central nervous system and inhibiting metabolism. Clinical drugs based on β-Carboline alkaloids have been used for clinical treatment of arrhythmia, cerebrovascular diseases and dysfunction, hypertension, epilepsy, malaria and mydriasis diseases. It will prompt us to redefine β-Carboline alkaloids. For β-Carboline alkaloids that inspires pharmacological applications in medicine and the development of novel medications containing these alkaloids, it will be a useful resource.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three new monoterpenes compounds isolated from Seriphidium terrae-albae exerted anti-inflammatory effects through the JAK/STAT and NF-κB signaling pathways","authors":"Ziwei Zhu ,&nbsp;Ablajan Turak ,&nbsp;Nannan Xu ,&nbsp;Janar Jenis ,&nbsp;Haji Akber Aisa","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three new monoterpenes compounds (5<em>S</em>, 8<em>S</em>)-5-(2<em>E</em>-butenyl)-8-methyl propionate-cyclopentanone (<strong>1</strong>), 1-Oxy, 10–keto-<em>α</em>-myrcene hydroxide (<strong>2</strong>), (3<em>R</em>,4<em>R</em>)-3-hydroxy-4-isobutenyl-cyclopentyl ester (<strong>3</strong>), along with eleven known small molecular compounds such as monoterpenes (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>7</strong>, <strong>14</strong>), coumarin (<strong>10</strong>), and other small molecular compounds (<strong>8, 9, 11</strong>–<strong>13</strong>) were isolated from <em>Seriphidium terrae-albae</em>. The structures were elucidated by NMR, HRESIMS, ECD calculations, and X-ray crystallography. Anti-inflammatory activity test results showed that 9 compounds were detected to inhibit NO secretion by mouse macrophage Raw 264.7. Among them, the IC₅₀ value of compound <strong>1</strong> (9.56 ± 0.66 μM) was relatively close to the positive control drug Andrographolide (AG) (2.70 ± 0.39 μM). Molecular docking predicted that the target of compound <strong>1</strong> may be the STAT3 proteins. Further mechanism studies have revealed that compound <strong>1</strong> acted on the STAT3 target in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, indicating the activation of M2 macrophages, exerted anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, it could also reduce the cytoplasmic NF-<em>κ</em>B content achieve the anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, compound <strong>1</strong> has the potential to become an anti-inflammatory lead compound. This study provides reference value for the research and development of small-molecule natural product anti-inflammatory drugs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New quinolone alkaloids from Euodia Fruit, and their pancreatic lipase inhibitory and PPAR-γ ligand-binding activities","authors":"Yukiko Matsuo,&nbsp;Tomoya Nozaki,&nbsp;Yuuki Kamewada,&nbsp;Mika Nakagawa,&nbsp;Yuki Nakamura,&nbsp;Niro Inaba,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Mimaki","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Euodia Fruit is a crude drug used to treat migraine and headaches and is well-known to contain indole alkaloids, which may contribute to the observed pharmacological activities. A methanolic extract of Euodia Fruit exhibited pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ 13.9 mg/mL). Bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract led to the isolation of 14 quinolone alkaloids (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>14</strong>), three indole alkaloids: rutaecarpine (<strong>15</strong>), evodiamine (<strong>16</strong>), and dehydroevodiamine (<strong>17</strong>), and a limonoid: rutaevine acetate (<strong>18</strong>), among which three quinolone alkaloids (<strong>12</strong>–<strong>14</strong>) have been previously undescribed. The structures of <strong>12</strong>–<strong>14</strong> were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including two-dimensional (2D) NMR. Compounds <strong>2</strong>, <strong>3</strong>, <strong>6</strong>–<strong>9</strong>, <strong>13</strong>, and <strong>14</strong> exhibited pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 1.40 to 7.37 mM. The results revealed that the length of the aliphatic side chain and the presence of an olefinic bond at the C-2 side chain of the quinolone alkaloids could impact lipase inhibitory activity. In soybean oil-loaded mice, orally administered evocarpine (<strong>8</strong>) reduced serum triglyceride levels in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, <strong>8</strong>–<strong>14</strong> at 5.0 and 50 μM exhibited peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ ligand-binding activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial activity of withanolides, labdane glucosides, flavonoids and other constituents from two populations of Physalis patula","authors":"Emma Maldonado ,&nbsp;Gerardo Padierna ,&nbsp;Holber Zuleta-Prada ,&nbsp;Jesús Morales-Jiménez ,&nbsp;Ana L. Pérez-Castorena ,&nbsp;Rubén A. Toscano ,&nbsp;Mahinda Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two populations of <em>Physalis patula</em> Miller collected in different localities (Querétaro and Teotihuacán) of Central México were analyzed. Eight new compounds including three withanolides, physapatolides A-C (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>3</strong>), two labdanes, 12-<em>epi</em>-physacoztomatin (<strong>10</strong>) and physapatulone (<strong>12</strong>), besides three 12-<em>O</em>-glucosyl labdanes, patulosides A-C (<strong>13</strong>–<strong>15</strong>), were isolated from these collections. A series of known withanolides, flavonoids, labdanes, sucrose esters, and sterols were also isolated. Withanolides isolated of each population exhibited different substitution patterns of ring D, thus while 15,16-dioxygenated withanolides were found in the Querétaro population, oxygenation occurs at C-14 and C-15 in those isolated from Teotihuacán population. The structures of all the isolated compounds were determined by analysis of their spectroscopic and spectrometric data. The absolute configuration assigned to physapatolide A (<strong>1)</strong> was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis of its acetyl derivative <strong>1a</strong>, while those of labdane diterpenoids were based on chemical correlations. The antibacterial activity of 16 of the isolated compounds (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>3</strong>, <strong>5</strong>–<strong>9</strong>, <strong>13</strong>, <strong>14</strong>, and <strong>16</strong>–<strong>21</strong>) and two derivatives (<strong>13a</strong>, <strong>14a</strong>) was evaluated against five ATCC bacterial strains (<em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>). Compounds <strong>1</strong>–<strong>3</strong> inhibited around 100 % the growth of <em>S. aureus</em> at 250 <em>μ</em>g/mL (w/v). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of compounds <strong>1</strong>, <strong>2</strong>, and <strong>3</strong>, against <em>S. aureus</em> were 62.5, 125 and 62.5 <em>μ</em>g/mL, respectively, whereas their MIC's against a Methicillin-resistant <em>S. aureus</em> (MRSA) clinical isolate were 125, 62.5 and 62.5 <em>μ</em>g/mL, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}