Fitoterapia最新文献

{"title":"Identification of oligopeptide components derived from Pseudostellaria heterophylla and its hypoglycemic effects in streptozotocin-induce type 2 diabetes mice.","authors":"Yingnan Chen, Xiangwei Qu, Xingliang Xiang, Zhaoxiang Zeng, Chengwu Song, Tiexiang Gao, Huiwen Yao, Sen Li, Shuna Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low molecular weight oligopeptides have attracted extensive attention in peptide-based diabetes treatment due to their high selectivity, low toxicity, reduced immunogenicity, and favorable therapeutic effect. Pseudostellaria heterophylla (P. heterophylla), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, contains bioactive oligopeptides whose hypoglycemic effects have not been previously characterized.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to comprehensively characterize the oligopeptide compositions in P. heterophylla and evaluate their antidiabetic effects in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight types of macroporous resins were screened for their capacity to enrich oligopeptides from P. heterophylla. The oligopeptide-enriched fraction was subsequently characterized using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). The oligopeptide-enriched fraction was administered via oral gavage to a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2DM mouse model, and its effects on glucose metabolism, lipid regulation, inflammatory markers, and liver function were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>D101 resin was selected as optimal based on adsorption/desorption performance. A total of 57 oligopeptide components were identified, including 21 cyclic and 36 linear peptides, with 9 cyclic and 34 linear peptides being novel. The oligopeptide-enriched fraction significantly alleviated diabetic symptoms, reduced fasting blood glucose, improved glucose tolerance, decreased hepatic coefficient and lipid deposition, and modulated serum lipid profiles. It also elevated serum insulin and suppressed pro-inflammatory factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study was the first to demonstrate that oligopeptides from P. heterophylla exhibited potent hypoglycemic and metabolic regulatory effects in STZ-induced diabetic mice, providing a scientific basis for further research on P. heterophylla-derived oligopeptides as potential therapeutic agents in the management of T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":" ","pages":"106919"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Kai-Xin-San in alleviating cognitive impairment in aβ transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans through mitochondrial function regulation.","authors":"Dalong Li, Ao Xue, Yujia Guan, Qi Qiu, Yifan Ren, Ning Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline, mitochondrial dysfunction, and amyloid β-protein (Aβ) accumulation, with limited safe and effective treatments available. Kai-Xin-San (KXS), a traditional Chinese medicine formula (Panax ginseng, Poria cocos, Polygala tenuifolia, Acorus calamus), has shown potential in alleviating AD symptoms, but its mechanisms, especially mitochondrial regulation-related ones, remain unclear. Using Aβ-overexpressing Caenorhabditis elegans (Aβ-C. elegans) as an AD model, this study evaluated KXS's pharmacodynamic effects via serotonin sensitivity and chemotaxis assays, identified its absorbed components via UPLC-Q/TOF-MS, predicted anti-AD mechanisms via bioinformatics (GO/KEGG) and metabolomics, and assessed mitochondrial function via ROS, ATP, SOD, MDA, JC-1 assays, as well as RT-qPCR/Western blotting of mitochondrial pathways. Results showed that 10 mg/mL KXS significantly reduced Aβ-C. elegans paralysis by 27.1 % (P < 0.01) and improved associative learning (P < 0.01); 20 KXS components were characterized in vivo, and KXS reduced ROS/MDA, elevated ATP/SOD (P < 0.01), restored mitochondrial membrane potential, regulated mitochondrial biogenesis/autophagy (hmg-5, bec-1, lgg-1) and fission genes (drp-1, fis-1), and activated the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway (aak-1, sir-2.1, SIRT1/p-AMPK), thereby improving cognitive impairment in Aβ-C. elegans. This finding clarifies its neuroprotective mechanism and provides evidence for its potential as a therapeutic candidate for AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":" ","pages":"106921"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six undescribed geranylated flavonoid derivatives isolated from Macaranga denticulata with potent Zika virus inhibitory activity.","authors":"Jia-Bi Huang, Yong-Xiang Huang, Meng-Ru Wang, Guan-Rong Qiao, Shao-Zhong Luo, Wei-Lie Xiao, Chang-Bo Zheng, Xiao-Li Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Six undescribed geranylated flavonoid derivatives (1-6), together with two known compounds (7-8), were isolated from Macaranga denticulata Müll. Arg. (family Euphorbiaceae). Their structures were characterized by detailed spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with literature data. Moreover, compound 4 exhibited potent Zika virus inhibitory activity, with EC₅₀ value of 8.72 μM. Compound 4 showed low cytotoxicity to Vero cells, with CC₅₀ value exceeding 100 μM. Hence, compound 4 may be developed as potential anti-ZIKV agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":" ","pages":"106908"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, structural characterization, anti-tumor activity, and mechanisms of novel compounds from the roots of Aconitum pendulum Busch","authors":"Xiaojing Li,&nbsp;Jieshu Li,&nbsp;Hao Liu,&nbsp;Shaojun Yu,&nbsp;Yonggang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Twelve compounds were isolated from the roots of <em>Aconitum pendulum</em> Busch, including a novel alkaloid (compound <strong>1</strong>) and a new lignan (compound <strong>2</strong>), along with ten known compounds. Activity studies demonstrated that compound <strong>2</strong> exhibited the most significant inhibitory effect on two types of tumor cells, HepG2 and HGC-27, with IC₅₀ values of 6.77 ± 0.34 μM and 2.54 ± 0.16 μM, respectively, surpassing the positive control, 5-fluorouracil. Mechanistic studies indicated that compound <strong>2</strong> exerted anti-tumor effects through multiple pathways, including the inhibition of cell migration, induction of apoptosis, and suppression of colony formation. Network pharmacological analyses suggested that compound <strong>2</strong> exerted multi-targeted anti-tumor effects by modulating various signaling pathways, including HIF-1α and NF-κB. Furthermore, Western blot experiments confirmed that this compound could downregulate HIF-1α expression in a concentration-dependent manner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106923"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145250565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated network pharmacology and therapeutic verification of Dendrobium officinale flower on primary dysmenorrhea via inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB/COX-2 pathway","authors":"Manman Li ,&nbsp;Pei Sheng ,&nbsp;Weiqing Shi ,&nbsp;Weiguang Li ,&nbsp;Luqian Li ,&nbsp;Xue Wang ,&nbsp;Haixia Wu ,&nbsp;Yuxin Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaofei An ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Ming Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Dendrobium officinale</em> flowers (DOF) offer a wide range of therapeutic benefits due to their rich content of bioactive compounds. Traditionally used in Chinese medicine, these flowers are valued for their health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may contribute to their therapeutic effects. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant extract of DOF exhibited anti-primary dysmenorrhea (PD) activity in oxytocin-induced mice. This study aimed to unravel the underlying mechanisms of DOF-EA in treating PD using an integrative approach that combines network pharmacology and experimental verification. The active fraction, DOF-EA, was identified through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity assays. The phytochemical profile of DOF-EA was characterized by HPLC analysis. The therapeutic mechanisms of DOF-EA in treating PD were predicted using network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses. Moreover, the therapeutic effects of DOF-EA were confirmed using oxytocin-induced mice and uterine strip models. Enzyme activity assays and immunoblotting methods were employed for target validation. DOF-EA inhibited COX-2 with an IC50 of 0.44 μg/mL, scavenged DPPH radicals with an IC50 of 9.88 μg/mL, and suppressed NO production in RAW 264.7 cells with an IC50 of 8.08 μg/mL. Additionally, DOF-EA reduced the writhing response and decreased TNF-α and PGF_2α levels in PD mice. It also inhibited contraction activity in uterine strips by blocking calcium channels. Furthermore, DOF-EA downregulated the expression of TLR4, NF-κB, COX-2, and p-IκBα, while upregulating the expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 in the uterine tissue of PD mice. In conclusion, DOF-EA exerts therapeutic effects against PD by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB/COX-2 and promoting the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106924"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145250595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"H19/miRNA-675 axis: a possible new strategy to alleviate pulmonary vascular remodelling in COPD by Qibai Pingfei Capsule","authors":"Jinghui Xie ,&nbsp;Siyu Tang ,&nbsp;Huan Wu ,&nbsp;Yuedi Hu ,&nbsp;Wenkai Da ,&nbsp;Xiangli Tong ,&nbsp;Huanzhang Ding ,&nbsp;Jiabing Tong ,&nbsp;Zegeng Li ,&nbsp;Jie Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) poses a significant socio-economic and health burden. Long-term hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodelling serves as a critical pathological basis of COPD. Hypoxia is known to elevate long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 levels. The abnormal expression of H19 in hypoxic conditions and the mechanism of how it mediates pulmonary vascular remodelling in COPD requires further investigation. Qibai Pingfei Capsule, a characteristic formula of Xin'an Medicine, has been used for over 20 years in clinical practice to improve COPD lung function and alleviate pulmonary vascular remodelling. It confers unique advantages in the treatment of COPD and has obtained national clinical drug approval. Despite this, the underlying mechanism of its formula in alleviating pulmonary vascular remodelling of COPD remains unclear. In vivo and in vitro studies revealed that H19 positively regulated its splice variant microRNA-675 (miRNA-675), influencing the expression of the downstream target, Phosphatase and TENsin homolog (PTEN) gene and other factors related to pulmonary vascular remodelling. This study demonstrated that Qibai Pingfei Capsule significantly improved pulmonary vascular remodelling in COPD by targeting and inhibiting the H19/miRNA-675 axis. This study unveiled a novel therapeutic mechanism of this traditional Chinese medicine formulation in treating COPD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106907"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145250590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass hampers complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats by inhibiting the VEGF axis","authors":"Baizura Mohd Borhan,&nbsp;Wan Aimi Faqiehah Wan Mohd Fadzil,&nbsp;Joan Blin,&nbsp;Roslida Abd Hamid","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is characterized by joint inflammation, is associated with excessive angiogenesis. <em>Acmella uliginosa</em> (Sw) Cass, known as “Subang nenek” in Malaysia, is traditionally used to treat various inflammatory conditions. This study examined the anti-arthritic effects and underlying mechanisms of <em>A. uliginosa</em> leaf ethanolic extract (AULE) and its hexane-fractionated extract (AULH) in arthritic rats induced with complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) for 28 d. Weekly evaluations were conducted for parameters including paw volume, body weight, and arthritic score, while hematological, biochemical, and the levels of various mediators (COX-2, 5-LOX, VEGF) were assessed upon termination of the study. The phytochemical composition of the extracts was analyzed via GC-MS to identify the bioactive compounds linked to anti-arthritic activity. AULE and AULH showed significant anti-arthritic effects, with AULH showing slightly higher potency. The anti-arthritic effects were mediated through modulation of the VEGF axis, implicating angiogenesis. COX-2 and 5-LOX protein levels were significantly reduced by both extracts. No notable variations in body mass, weights of target organs, and blood-related and biochemical indicators were observed in the extract-treated groups compared to the control rats, indicating possible nontoxic effects. Phytochemical analysis identified bioactive compounds, such as spilanthol and phytol, which underwent molecular docking studies and were identified as the main contributors to anti-arthritic activity via COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibition. However, VEGF inhibition was attributed to other compounds present in the extracts. <em>A. uliginosa</em> leaf extract show potential as a natural RA treatment, with effects mediated through the modulation of the VEGF axis and angiogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106925"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145250535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cadinane sesquiterpenes from Alangium platanifolium: structural elucidation and anti-colorectal cancer biological evaluation","authors":"Kang-Yun Jiang ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Ya-Nan Du ,&nbsp;Zhi-Dong Li ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Qian Deng ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Yun-Zhen Kong ,&nbsp;Huan-Nan Wang ,&nbsp;Chun-Mei Sai","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A total of thirteen cadinane sesquiterpenes, including three previously undescribed compounds (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>3</strong>) and ten known analogues (<strong>4</strong>–<strong>13</strong>), were isolated from the roots of <em>Alangium platanifolium</em> through various phytochemical separation techniques, including silica gel column chromatography. The compounds were structurally elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). The anti-proliferative activities of these compounds were assessed against HeLa and SW620 cell lines using the CCK-8 assay. Among them, mansonone E (<strong>11)</strong> demonstrated notable cytotoxicity against SW620 cells, with an IC₅₀ of 15.69 ± 0.56 μM. Colony formation and EdU incorporation assays confirmed the significant inhibitory impact of mansonone E on SW620 cell proliferation. Transwell migration assays demonstrated that mansonone E notably inhibited the migration of SW620 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that mansonone E decreases Bcl-2, Cyclin D1, and MMP9 levels, while increases Bax and C-MYC expression. In conclusion, mansonone E effectively suppressed colorectal cancer cell proliferation and migration, potentially by modulating key proteins like Bcl-2/Bax, Cyclin D1, and C-MYC. This study provides experimental evidence for mansonone E as a potential candidate for colorectal cancer treatment and provides a foundation for the application of <em>Alangium platanifolium</em> in colorectal cancer therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106922"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyphenolic phytosomes for targeted drug delivery","authors":"I.A. Khabarov,&nbsp;S.D. Sergazy,&nbsp;A. Amanzhan,&nbsp;A.S. Maikenova,&nbsp;A.N. Zhabayeva,&nbsp;S.M. Adekenov","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, the attention of researchers is attracted by natural polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoids, which exhibit pronounced antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties. More than 8500 phenolic compounds have been isolated and characterized from plant sources. Despite their therapeutic potential, clinical translation is limited by low water solubility, poor membrane permeability, and extensive first-pass metabolism, resulting in suboptimal bioavailability.</div><div>This review provides a comprehensive analysis of phytosome technology, including the mechanism of complex formation, structural advantages compared to traditional nanocarriers, and its impact on pharmacokinetics and bioefficacy. Polyphenolic compounds, such as silybin, curcumin, quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and grape seed proanthocyanidins, have been successfully formulated into phytosomes, resulting in a significant enhancement of oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy in both preclinical and clinical studies.</div><div>It also highlights evidence from clinical trials involving phytosomal formulations in various disease contexts, including cancer, liver and metabolic disorders, neurodegeneration, and COVID-19. The safety profile of phytosomes is favorable, with most formulations well-tolerated even under long-term use.</div><div>Current limitations, including formulation instability, lack of regulatory clarity, and challenges in industrial scale-up, are discussed alongside future directions in targeted delivery and combination therapies. Phytosomes represent a clinically viable platform that bridges natural product pharmacology with modern drug delivery technologies, offering a scalable and biocompatible strategy for improving the clinical impact of polyphenols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106920"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of blood components and metabolites of Gancao-Ganjiang decoction before and after compatibility based on UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS technique","authors":"Kun Liang ,&nbsp;Qianyun Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenmin Dong ,&nbsp;Wenxia Zhu ,&nbsp;Xinhong Wang ,&nbsp;Rui An ,&nbsp;Lisha You","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To study the effect of compatibility of Gancao-Ganjiang Decoction on difference in serum components and metabolites of normal rats.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography combined linear ion trap electrostatic field orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS) was used to detect the drug containing serum before and after the compatibility of Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma (GanCao,GC) and Zingiberis Rhizoma (Ganjiang,GJ), and the prototype components identified were detected and analyzed with Xcalibur 2.2.0. Compound Discover 3.3 software was applied to speculate the possible metabolites and their pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 23 prototype components were identified before and after the compatibility of Gancao-Ganjiang Decoction, 20 metabolites were identified in the pre-compatibility group, and 18 metabolites were identified in the post compatibility group. According to the metabolic pathway, ion fragment information and software technology, it was speculated that the metabolic pathways before compatibility were mainly the reducing of glycine conjugation, increasing of glucuronidation, methylation and metoxylation reaction. Glycine conjugation, sulfation were increased after compatibility.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In normal rats, there is a significant difference in the metabolites before and after compatibility of Gancao-Ganjiang Decoction. After compatibility, the prototype of the main active ingredients and their metabolite pathways are more widely distributed, which further lays a foundation for the study of the compatibility of Gancao-Ganjiang Decoction, and also provides a scientific basis for clarifying the compatibility mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106901"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}