Fitoterapia最新文献

{"title":"Three new antifungal phthalide derivatives from Cajanus cajan","authors":"Liyuan Yao ,&nbsp;Aikebaier Jumai ,&nbsp;Xiancai Li ,&nbsp;Shaohua Chen ,&nbsp;Bailin Li ,&nbsp;Sheng-Xiang Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three new phthalide derivatives, denominated Cajanthalides A, B and C (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>3</strong>), were identified from the leaves of <em>Cajanus cajan</em>. Their structures were meticulously elucidated through comprehensive analysis utilizing UV, IR, NMR (1D and 2D), HRESIMS, chiral analysis and DP4+ analysis. Notably, these new phthalide derivatives are present in racemic forms, with compounds <strong>2</strong> and <strong>3</strong> sharing identical planar structures. A plausible biogenetic pathway is proposed to account for the biosynthesis of compounds <strong>1</strong>–<strong>3</strong>. Biological evaluation revealed that compound <strong>2</strong> exhibited moderate antifungal activity against <em>C. neoformans</em>, <em>C. albicans</em> and <em>M. furfur</em> with MIC values of 40 μg/mL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chuanxiong Rhizoma extracts alleviate hyperuricaemia-induced renal injury by reducing serum UA levels and renoprotection","authors":"Kang Ma ,&nbsp;Rui Zhou ,&nbsp;Hao-Dong Yang ,&nbsp;Xia-Yun Pang ,&nbsp;Nan Li ,&nbsp;Zhong-Xing Song ,&nbsp;Zhi-Shu Tang ,&nbsp;Hong-Bo Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Chuanxiong Rhizoma</em> is the dried rhizome of the Apiaceae plant <em>Ligusticum chuanxiong</em> Hort (<em>Chuanxiong</em>). Previously, we demonstrated the antihyperuricaemic and anti-acute gouty arthritis effects of <em>Chuanxiong Rhizoma</em> ethyl acetate extracts (ECX B) in mice. However, it is unclear whether ECX B is optimal for lowering urate levels. This study aims to find the optimal extraction of the <em>Chuanxiong Rhizoma</em> in hyperuricemia rats. Further to explore the anti-hyperuricemia effects, underlying mechanism, and the main active compounds <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. This study demonstrated that ECX B was the most effective extract in lowering uric acid levels and protecting the kidneys <em>in vivo</em> among the different tested extracts. ECX B significantly reduced the serum uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) levels and alleviated kidney pathology in hyperuricaemic rats, modulated the mRNA and protein expression of the UA transporters urate transporter 1 (URAT1), glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9), organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) and ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2). Subsequently, 23 compounds were prepared and characterized by a series of natural medicinal chemistry techniques. Then, we found that (Z)-3-butylidene-4,5-dihydroxyphthalide (CX-F14) was the main active compound produced by ECX B. Overall, this work revealed that ECX B was the optimal <em>Chuanxiong Rhizoma</em> extract for the treatment of hyperuricaemia. ECX B exerted an antihyperuricaemic effect mainly by modulating UA transporters and protecting the kidney. CX-F14 is a possible active compound of ECX B. These findings could lead to new applications for <em>Chuanxiong Rhizoma</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genus Gnetum: Traditional use, phytochemistry, nutritional value, biosynthesis, synthesis, pharmacology, toxicology, synthetic advance, and pharmacokinetics","authors":"Nguyen Thi Huong ,&nbsp;Nguyen Quang Hop ,&nbsp;Duong Anh Duy ,&nbsp;Ninh The Son","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Gnetum</em> is the sole genus within the family Gnetaceae. Numerous species are edible, their seeds can be roasted, and the leaves can be consumed as vegetables. <em>Gnetum</em> plants have been highly esteemed in traditional folk medicine worldwide for many years. An extensive review highlighting the significant value of this genus is currently unavailable.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to systematically present the state of the art in phytochemistry, food chemistry, biosynthesis, synthesis, pharmacology, toxicology, synthetic advance, and pharmacokinetics.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The relevant references were collected from various electronic sources, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, and reputable journals. “<em>Gnetum</em>” was the primary keyword used to search for publications. Data collection was conducted from 1978 to now, and more than 150 articles have been reviewed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 261 identified phytochemicals, 180 compounds were elucidated as stilbenoids. <em>Gnetum</em> metabolites also contained other classes, such as lignans, flavonoids, monophenols, alkaloids, and fatty acids. The major compound, isorhapontigenin, is considered the most important agent in the genus <em>Gnetum</em>. It is also noted that <em>Gnetum</em> plants are rich in nutritional content, including fibers, carbohydrates, vitamins, essential amino acids, and minerals. <em>Gnetum</em> plant extracts are safe, with low toxicity levels. In general, oxidative reactions among radicals are responsible for the biosynthesis of <em>Gnetum</em> stilbenoids, whereas glucuronidation of hydroxyl groups is the main pharmacokinetic action. Pharmacological activities of Gnetum constituents have been reported to include anticancer, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antihyperuricemic, anti-obesity, antimalarial, antiviral, antiplatelet, estrogenic, and protective actions for various organs. Various <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> pharmacological assays have successfully explained these activities through molecular mechanisms, such as the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) or NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B) signaling pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Further pharmacological assessments are warranted, particularly focusing on minor and newly discovered compounds. Enhancements in bioavailability and the development of novel synthetic agents derived from <em>Gnetum</em> are anticipated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome sequencing on different ages of Saraca asoca bark: Insights from tannin biosynthetic pathways and EST-SSR marker design","authors":"S. Arathi ,&nbsp;Aghila Samji ,&nbsp;Komal Eashwarlal ,&nbsp;S. Gokulkrishnan ,&nbsp;M. Muthubhavani ,&nbsp;N.P. Yasini ,&nbsp;G. Uma Maheswari ,&nbsp;Rekha R. Warrier","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bark of <em>Saraca asoca</em> is extensively used for treating gynecological issues, primarily due to its tannin content. This study focused on transcriptome sequencing of young (BY; 0–6 years), middle-aged (BM; 6–12 years), and old (BO; &gt;12 years) Ashoka barks. The de novo assembly produced 1,37,451 unigenes of 1,31,647,800 bp from BY, 1,16,825 unigenes of 1,15,283,571 bp from BM, and 81,825 unigenes of 68,553,092 bp from BO samples. These transcripts closely matched with <em>Glycine</em> max and <em>Cajanus cajan</em>. Transcriptome analysis identified key genes and enzymes in the tannin biosynthetic pathway, with higher levels of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways observed in middle-aged samples, followed by young and old samples. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) were predominantly in the biosynthetic pathways of flavonoids, isoflavonoids, anthocyanins, terpenoids, and isoquinoline alkaloids. The study also examined the up-regulated and down-regulated DEGs involved in tannin production across the different sample comparisons, revealing the flavonoid pathway to be the most regulated. Additionally, 9612, 8053, and 4659 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified from BY, BM, and BO transcripts, respectively. Fourteen EST-SSR markers specific to tannins were designed and validated, with one found to be polymorphic. This research represents the first report on transcriptome sequencing and EST-SSR markers from various ages of <em>Saraca asoca</em> bark, providing a foundation for future genetic mapping and conservation efforts of this vulnerable species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New C21-steroidal glycosides with cytotoxic activities from Cynanchum otophyllum roots","authors":"Xiao-San Li ,&nbsp;Wei-Bin Yuan ,&nbsp;Miao-Ying He ,&nbsp;Wan-Bi Feng ,&nbsp;Zhen-Qiang Gao ,&nbsp;Hai-Tao Cai ,&nbsp;Tong-Xin Zheng ,&nbsp;Li Liu ,&nbsp;Cai-Yun Lan ,&nbsp;Xue-Mei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fourteen C₂₁-steroidal glycosides were isolated from the roots of <em>Cynanchum otophyllum</em>, including five previously undescribed compounds, namely cynotosides A-E (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>5</strong>)<em>.</em> Their structures were determined by extensive NMR spectroscopic data, HR-ESI-MS and ECD calculation. All the compounds were tested for cytotoxic activities against four human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HCT-116, HeLa, and HepG2). Among them, compounds <strong>2</strong>, <strong>4</strong>, <strong>5</strong>, <strong>7</strong>–<strong>9</strong>, <strong>12</strong>, and <strong>14</strong> showed moderate cytotoxic activity with IC₅₀ values ranging from 11.19 to 38.83 μM. Compound <strong>7</strong> could induce both cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and apoptosis against HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, a molecular docking analysis was performed to gain insights into the binding mode of compound <strong>7</strong> with cancer-related signal pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive pharmacokinetic analysis of trans-crocetin and its metabolites- cis-crocetin, CM, and CD- in rats using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS method","authors":"Ziwei Chen ,&nbsp;Susu Lin ,&nbsp;Zijin Xu ,&nbsp;Ting Wang ,&nbsp;Shaoxian Wang ,&nbsp;Jian Zhong ,&nbsp;Yingpeng Tong ,&nbsp;Ping Wang ,&nbsp;Peishi Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crocetin, an active component of saffron (<em>Crocus sativus</em> L.), exhibits antidepressant, anti-tumor, and anti-diabetic effects. However, the pharmacokinetics of <em>trans</em>-crocetin and its metabolites, such as <em>cis</em>-crocetin, crocetin-monoglucuronide (CM), and crocetin-diglucuronide (CD), after intragastric (i.g.) administration of <em>trans</em>-crocetin <em>in vivo</em> remains underexplored. In the present study, a sensitive and reliable UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS method was developed to comprehensively elucidate the preclinical pharmacokinetic patterns of <em>trans</em>-crocetin and the distribution characteristics of its metabolites in rats for the first time. The established UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS method has good specificity and selectivity, with the accuracy, precision, recovery, and matrix effect meeting the methodological requirements. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed rapid absorption of <em>trans</em>-crocetin into the blood, with a biphasic absorption pattern observed for <em>trans</em>-crocetin and CM. The absorbed <em>trans</em>/<em>cis</em>-crocetin were widely distributed in rat tissues, especially spleen, heart, adipose and lungs. Notably, <em>trans</em>/<em>cis</em>-crocetin and CM were detected simultaneously in rat brain tissue, indicating that crocetin can cross the blood-brain barrier. The CD was only detected in plasma and not in other tissues. The small intestine and liver appear to be key sites for the glucuronidation and conformational change of <em>trans</em>-crocetin, respectively. The elimination rates of <em>trans</em>/<em>cis</em>-crocetin and CM in tissues were significantly slower than in the blood. <em>Trans</em>-Crocetin was primarily excreted in feces and kidneys, while <em>cis</em>-crocetin and CM were cleared mainly by the kidneys. The pharmacokinetic process and tissue distribution characteristics of <em>trans</em>/<em>cis</em>-crocetin, CM, and CD were expounded in this study, which can provide a scientific basis and guidance for the further development and utilization of crocetin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106460"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring kudzu: Extraction, quantification, and health impacts of bioactive compounds","authors":"Poonam Patil,&nbsp;Pradyuman Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Kudzu (<em>Pueraria</em> species) is a perennial plant within the Fabaceae family, native to China, Japan, and India. It is known for its therapeutic properties, mainly due to its high content of isoflavones, including puerarin, daidzein, daidzin, genistein, and genistin. These isoflavones are found throughout the plant and are important in developing pharmaceutical drugs. This review comprehensively analyzes naturally occurring isoflavones in Kudzu, focusing on advanced and green techniques for their extraction, purification, and identification. Additionally, it highlights their health benefits and the growing demand in the global food and pharmaceutical industries. Due to their superior efficiency, scalability, and cost-effectiveness, contemporary eco-friendly extraction methods like ultrasound, microwave, enzyme-assisted, and supercritical fluid extraction are gaining prominence in this endeavor. They are crucial in optimizing the extraction process, driving innovation within industries, and harnessing natural sources, ultimately boosting global economies. Scientific studies confirm that Kudzu isoflavones have various anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, antioxidant, alcohol detoxification, and cardiovascular protective effects. This review encourages further exploration of Kudzu isoflavones as a nutritional food source. It also highlights advancements in extraction methods within pharmaceuticals and natural products, underscoring the superiority of modern techniques over conventional ones. Additionally, critical analysis of the trends, limitations, and scope of Kudzu-extracted isoflavones for novel food applications can further advance scientific understanding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"New flavonoid glycosides from the stems and leaves of Astragalus membranaceus\" [Fitoterapia 180 (2025) 106321].","authors":"Jin-Yan Tan, Jia-Xin Zhao, Yun Zang, Pei Li, Si-Qi Yang, Xiao-Mao Li, Ying-Li Wang, Yan-Gang Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106451","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":" ","pages":"106451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Withanolides glycosides from Physalis volubilis\" [Fitoterapia 182 (2025) 106428].","authors":"Ana-L Pérez-Castorena, Tonantzin G Anguheven L, Ma Azucena Martínez R, Jesús Morales-Jiménez, Emma Maldonado, Mahinda Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106450","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":" ","pages":"106450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective trichothecene macrolides from Myrothecium roridum Q6, an endophytic fungus residing in Hypericum perforatum","authors":"Jun Qiao Lou ,&nbsp;Hao Lan Chen ,&nbsp;Yi Tong Shi ,&nbsp;Yong Chen ,&nbsp;Rui Tan ,&nbsp;Xue Ming Wu ,&nbsp;Ren Xiang Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two new macrocyclic trichothecenes named epiroridin acid A (<strong>1</strong>), and epiroridin acid B (<strong>2</strong>) together with twelve known compounds (<strong>3</strong>–<strong>14</strong>) were isolated from the solid culture of <em>Myrothecium roridum</em> Q6, an endophytic fungus associated with <em>Hypericum perforatum</em>. The structures and absolute configurations of undescribed compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic measurements (UV, MS, and 1D and 2D NMR) analyses, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Compounds <strong>1</strong>, <strong>4</strong>, <strong>6</strong>, <strong>8</strong>, <strong>13</strong>, and <strong>14</strong> were evaluated to be more effective in promoting nerve growth factor (NGF) secretion than the positive drug clenbuterol. Structure-activity relationship analysis showed that the C₂-side chain at C-6′, and oxidation of double bond at C-2′, C-3′ in macrocyclic trichothecene could reduce NGF secretory activity, while carboxylation at C-16 is advantageous for enhancing their neuroprotective effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143500036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}