Fitoterapia最新文献

{"title":"Screening 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors from Choerospondias axillaris via a novel enzyme immobilization targeted fishing technology","authors":"Shiyu Li ,&nbsp;Kai Xu ,&nbsp;Shanpeng Ma ,&nbsp;Xueying Qin ,&nbsp;Li Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Hou ,&nbsp;Zibo Dong ,&nbsp;Xun Gao ,&nbsp;Lingling Huo","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.107047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.107047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, coronary heart disease (CHD) is prevalent worldwide, with its harmful impact second only to that of malignant tumors. A growing number of studies have confirmed that <em>Choerospondias axillaris</em> can significantly improve the therapeutic effect of CHD treatment and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions. However, its bioactive components and pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. Based on a targeted fishing strategy, this study synthesized magnetic nanomaterials immobilized with 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) for screening and identifying 5-LOX inhibitors from the crude extract of <em>Choerospondias axillaris</em>. A total of 21 active components were identified and analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Q-Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS/MS). By comparing the screened active components with reported 5-LOX inhibitors, 9 novel 5-LOX inhibitors were discovered. Further molecular docking was performed on these 9 inhibitors, and the pharmacological activity of the selected ligands was verified using a 5-LOX inhibitor screening kit (fluorescence method).The compounds are ranked by activity from strongest to weakest: Lobetyolin (23.92 μM), Anhydroicaritin (29.55 μM), Narirutin(33.66 μM), Fisetin (47.28 μM) and Naringin(59.02 μM). This novel enzyme-immobilized targeted fishing technology is expected to efficiently and accurately screen bioactive components targeting different receptors from complex substrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107047"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145849551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress of anti-tumor research on natural products combined with doxorubicin","authors":"Yanqing Wu,&nbsp;Jianguo Gao,&nbsp;Yuwei Zhao,&nbsp;Yingzhi Lu,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.107076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.107076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer represents a major global public health challenge, with its incidence and mortality rates increasing annually. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent. Despite its marked antitumor efficacy, the clinical application of DOX is limited by drug resistance and cumulative toxicity. Numerous natural products have garnered significant attention owing to their favorable antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, and are increasingly being developed as adjuvant agents in combination therapy with DOX. The co-administration of natural products with DOX has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic outcomes while mitigating adverse effects. However, this combination approach is constrained by poor drug solubility and disparate pharmacokinetic profiles. The advent of multifunctional nanodelivery systems has improved drug bioavailability and tumor targeting, thereby laying the groundwork for synergistic interactions between natural products and DOX. This review systematically summarizes the antitumor mechanisms and toxic side effects of DOX, elucidates the mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships of certain natural products serving as DOX sensitizers and protective agents, and highlights recent advances in nano-platform-based co-delivery strategies, offering valuable insights for future cancer therapeutics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107076"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145855128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of different stinging nettle preparations regarding to their immunomodulating effect on primary human T-lymphocytes","authors":"Adrian Wilmers ,&nbsp;Olivier Potterat ,&nbsp;Roman Huber ,&nbsp;Stefanie Kowarschik","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.107081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.107081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Urtica dioica</em> L. (<em>U. dioica</em>) has shown anti-inflammatory effects and is regarded as a potential natural agent for treating chronic inflammatory conditions. The differential effects of <em>U. dioica</em> preparations have not yet been investigated. The influence of nine different <em>U. dioica</em> preparations (teas, extracts, juice and tincture) on proliferation, apoptosis/necrosis and viability of primary human T cells were analyzed with standard methods. The effect on T lymphocytes was evaluated via cluster of differentiation (CD)25/CD69 marker expression, degranulation assays and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Using Jurkat reporter cell lines, an influence on transcription factors was analyzed. <em>U. dioica</em> preparations selectively modulate T cell activation by downregulating the key activation markers CD25 and CD69. In addition, they reduce the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-2, inhibit T cell degranulation and suppress nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT)-dependent transcription. The results highlight the potential of <em>U. dioica</em> as a natural agent, capable to modulate T cell-mediated immune responses. The immunomodulating effect differs between the extracts and preparations due to extraction methods and used plant material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107081"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fu Fang Sheng Mai capsules inhibit osteoclast formation and improve osteoporosis caused by oophorectomy in mice","authors":"Qiang-Qiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Wei Deng ,&nbsp;Bin Mai ,&nbsp;Ya-Mei Liu ,&nbsp;Shi-yin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jia-min Yang ,&nbsp;Feihong Che ,&nbsp;Pan Kang ,&nbsp;Yang Peng ,&nbsp;Shun-Cong Zhang ,&nbsp;Bin Wang ,&nbsp;Qiu-shi Wei ,&nbsp;Yong-Xian Li ,&nbsp;Liang-Liang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.107070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.107070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a critical bone metabolic disorder marked by progressive bone loss and compromised bone microstructure. Empirical clinical observations suggest that Fu Fang Sheng Mai Capsules (FFSM) can effectively alleviate symptoms of osteoporosis; however, their underlying molecular mechanisms remain insufficiently defined. The present study was designed to investigate the regulatory effects of FFSM on osteoclast differentiation and to evaluate its therapeutic potential in PMOP.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were isolated and induced to differentiate into osteoclasts in vitro. The impact of FFSM on osteoclastogenesis was assessed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and F-ACTIN ring fluorescence staining. Subsequently, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT–PCR) and Western blot analyses were performed to evaluate the expression of osteoclast-specific genes, with further mechanistic investigations. For in vivo validation, a bilateral ovariectomy model was established in C57BL/6 mice, and bone quality was examined using micro-CT and histological analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusion</h3><div>FFSM significantly suppressed osteoclast formation and F-ACTIN ring assembly, with notable downregulation of osteoclast differentiation markers NFATc1 and Acp5 observed at days 3–5. Mechanistically, FFSM reduced intracellular ROS levels within osteoclasts, and specifically inhibited the phosphorylation of key signaling proteins, p-P65 in the NF-κB pathway and p-JNK in the MAPK pathway, thus interfering with pathways critical for osteoclastogenesis. Consistent with in vitro findings, in vivo studies revealed that FFSM reduced osteoclastogenesis and effectively rescued bone mass loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107070"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145846243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of immune cell differentiation by Prunella vulgaris L. essential oil in pulmonary sarcoidosis treatment","authors":"Zhiguo Mao ,&nbsp;Xingyi Yang ,&nbsp;Ying Liu ,&nbsp;Yu Huan ,&nbsp;Yixue Gao ,&nbsp;Jinying Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiangke Lin ,&nbsp;Shuo Tian ,&nbsp;Yagang Song ,&nbsp;Mingsan Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.107049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.107049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Prunella vulgaris</em> L. is a traditional Chinese medicine known for its ability to disperse nodules and reduce swelling. However, research on the effect of the volatile oil from <em>Prunella vulgaris</em> L. on pulmonary nodulosis remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>To investigate whether essential oil from <em>Prunella vulgaris</em> L. (PVEO) improves pulmonary function in PS mice by inhibiting the inflammation mediated by the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Network pharmacology was used to explore how PVEO might treat PS. GC–MS identified PVEO's chemical components. A PS mouse model was created using <em>Propionibacterium acnes</em>. ELISA measured inflammatory factors in the BALF and blood of these mice. Flow cytometry analyzed CD4⁺ T cell differentiation into TH1 and TH17 cells. Immunofluorescence assessed macrophage differentiation into M1 and M2 phenotypes and the expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB. PCR and WB were conducted to detect the expression of mRNAs and proteins related to the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Network pharmacology predictions indicated that the improvement of pulmonary function by PVEO in PS mice was associated with the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. PCR and western blot (WB) analyses demonstrated that PVEO inhibited the expression of relevant mRNAs and proteins within the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry assays suggested that PVEO suppressed the differentiation of M1 macrophages, TH1, and TH17 cells in lung tissues of PS mice.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PVEO exerts anti-PS effects by inhibiting the inflammation mediated by the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in macrophages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107049"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145827020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory triterpenoids from dammar resin of Vatica mangachapoi","authors":"Rui-Jie Feng ,&nbsp;De-Li Chen ,&nbsp;Jian-He Wei ,&nbsp;Hui Meng ,&nbsp;Yun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.107056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.107056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Five previously undescribed triterpenoids (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>5</strong>), and four triterpenoids (<strong>6</strong>–<strong>9</strong>) which had been synthesized previously but had not been isolated from a natural source, along with twenty-three known triterpenoids (<strong>10</strong>−<strong>32</strong>) were isolated from the methanol extract of dammar resin of <em>Vatica mangachapoi</em>. HRESIMS, NMR, UV, and ECD spectroscopy were employed to determine the structures of these triterpenoids. Compounds <strong>2</strong>, <strong>6</strong>, <strong>22,</strong> and <strong>29</strong> significantly reduced LPS-induced TNF-α levels in RAW264.7 cells, while compounds <strong>3</strong>, <strong>13</strong>, <strong>16,</strong> and <strong>17</strong> reduced IL-6 levels at a concentration of 10 μM. These results suggest that these compounds exhibit potential anti-inflammatory activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107056"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145833349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three novel meroterpenoids with unique benzo-fused 10-membered carbocycle skeletons from the fungus Tricholoma sp. HD0815–7","authors":"Hao Yu ,&nbsp;Qiao Wu ,&nbsp;Siqi Chen ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Li ,&nbsp;Leiling Shi ,&nbsp;Zhonghao Sun ,&nbsp;Haifeng Wu ,&nbsp;Min Ma ,&nbsp;Zhaocui Sun ,&nbsp;Xudong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2026.107083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2026.107083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three novel meroterpenoids with unique benzo-fused 10-membered carbocycle skeletons, named tricholactones A-C (<strong>1–3</strong>), along with four known cyclic dipeptides (<strong>4–7</strong>), were isolated from the fungus <em>Tricholoma</em> sp. HD0815–7. Their chemical structures and absolute configurations were characterized by comprehensive analysis of HR-ESI-MS, 1D- and 2D-NMR and quantum mechanical electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Compounds <strong>1–3</strong> are novel natural meroterpenoids containing terpenoid scaffolds, phenols units and amino acid residues. Moreover, compound <strong>3</strong> features an unprecedented pentacyclic ring system (8/6/10/5/3) among these 10-membered carbocycle meroterpenoids. All isolated compounds <strong>1–7</strong> were tested for their cytotoxic activity. The results revealed that compound <strong>2</strong> exhibited strong cytotoxicity activity against HGC-27 cells with IC₅₀ values of 2.34 ± 0.32 μM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107083"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145899701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three new polyhydroxy-chlorinated dibenzo-α-pyrones isolated from Helicosporium sexuale LZ15","authors":"Li-Juan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Yan Ma ,&nbsp;Mei-Yan Han ,&nbsp;De-Ge Zheng ,&nbsp;Jian Ma ,&nbsp;Xing-Juan Xiao ,&nbsp;Ruvishika S. Jayawardena ,&nbsp;Ausana Mapook ,&nbsp;Kevin D. Hyde ,&nbsp;Yong-Zhong Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2026.107112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2026.107112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three new chlorine-substituted dibenzo-α-pyrone derivatives, helicochlorins A–C (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>3</strong>), together with three known congeners (<strong>4–6</strong>), were isolated from fermented rolled oats culture of <em>Helicosporium sexuale</em> LZ15. Helicochlorins A–C (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>3</strong>) share a polyhydroxy-chlorinated fused isocoumarin framework, characterized primarily by a chlorine substituent on the fused-ring system. The structures of the new compounds were unambiguously elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses (1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS) and further confirmed through NOE correlations and ECD calculations. In addition, the crystal structure of compound <strong>4</strong> was determined for the first time. The cytotoxicity evaluation revealed that compound <strong>2</strong> exhibited weak activity against A549 cells, compound <strong>5</strong> showed weak activity against HepG2 cells, while compound <strong>4</strong> demonstrated weak cytotoxicity toward both A549 and HepG2 cell lines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of ethyl acetate and acetone extracts from Montrichardia linifera leaves: Chemical characterization, in vitro study, molecular docking ad ADME-TOX","authors":"Cleiane Dias Lima ,&nbsp;Marcelo da Costa Mota ,&nbsp;Raimundo Leilton Santos Sousa ,&nbsp;Luma Brisa Pereira dos Santos ,&nbsp;Paulo Sérgio de Araujo Sousa ,&nbsp;Raiza Raianne Luz Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Klinger Antônio da Franca Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Md Shimul Bhuia ,&nbsp;Muhammad Torequl Islam ,&nbsp;Alyne Rodrigues de Araújo-Nobre ,&nbsp;Cláudia Quintino da Rocha ,&nbsp;Jefferson Almeida Rocha","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2026.107094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2026.107094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects millions of people worldwide, and current treatments are limited by toxicity and increasing parasite resistance, highlighting the need for new therapeutic agents. <em>Montrichardia linifera</em>, a plant used in traditional medicine, has shown relevant antiparasitic potential. This study evaluated the antileishmanial activity of acetone (EAMl), ethyl acetate (EAEMl), and ethanolic (EEMl) extracts of <em>M. linifera</em>. Chemical characterization was performed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), and complementary in silico ADME/Tox predictions and molecular docking analyses were conducted. Antileishmanial activity was assessed against Leishmania (L.) major promastigotes using the MTT assay, and ultrastructural alterations were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). LC–MS results showed that EAEMl was the most chemically diverse extract, with quercetin identified as a major constituent. EAEMl exhibited the highest antipromastigote activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 20.30 μg/mL. AFM analysis revealed severe morphological damage in treated parasites, including membrane disruption and cell retraction. In silico analyses indicated favorable pharmacokinetic profiles for the main compounds. Molecular docking identified corilagin as the compound with the strongest affinity for pteridine reductase 1 (PTR1; PDB ID: <span><span>1E7W</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>), with a binding energy of –10.9 kcal/mol. Overall, these findings demonstrate that <em>M. linifera</em> extracts, particularly those rich in phenolic compounds, exhibit promising antileishmanial activity, supporting their potential as sources of new therapeutic candidates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107094"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory polyketides produced by Antarctic-derived fungus Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis SCSIO 05702","authors":"Meng-Jing Cong ,&nbsp;Xue Ren ,&nbsp;Zi-Yi Wu ,&nbsp;Xiao-Yan Pang ,&nbsp;Yong-Hong Liu ,&nbsp;Peng Guo ,&nbsp;Jun-Feng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2026.107095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2026.107095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Five undescribed compounds (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>5</strong>), together with four known compounds (<strong>6</strong>–<strong>9</strong>) were isolated from the Antarctic-derived fungus <em>Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis</em> SCSIO 05702. Their structures were elucidated by the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS). In addition, the absolute configurations of these compounds were determined by the combination of ECD and DP4⁺ calculations, chiral-phase HPLC analysis, Mosher's ester analysis and Mo₂(OAc)₄ induced circular dichroism method. Among them, <strong>5</strong> and <strong>6</strong> exhibited potent anti-inflammatory responses induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells. Specifically, <strong>5</strong> and <strong>6</strong> were able to markedly inhibit the production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, TNF-<em>α</em>, and MCP-1 in RAW264.7 cells exposed to 0.1 μg/mL LPS. Moreover, they effectively upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-10, and Arg-1 gene expression levels impaired by LPS without obvious cytotoxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107095"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145988919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}