Fitoterapia最新文献

{"title":"Cytotoxic N-alkylated pyrroles from the endophytic fungus Penicillium oxalicum","authors":"Xue-Ying Zhang ,&nbsp;Gui-Xin Wu ,&nbsp;Xuan-Zheng Shen ,&nbsp;An-Dong Wang ,&nbsp;Yu-Qin Gu ,&nbsp;Jian Lin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endophytic microorganisms colonizing plant tissues synthesize diverse secondary metabolites within their unique ecological niche, many of which possess promising pharmacological properties and represent a rich repository of bioactive molecules. During our ongoing investigation of plant-derived endophyte for novel bioactive compounds, two previously unreported <em>N</em>-alkylated pyrroles (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>2</strong>), along with six meroterpenoids (<strong>3</strong>–<strong>8</strong>), one sesquiterpene (<strong>9</strong>), three lactones (<strong>10</strong>−<strong>12</strong>), three sterols (<strong>13</strong>–<strong>15</strong>), and two diterpenoids (<strong>16</strong>–<strong>17</strong>) were isolated from <em>Penicillium oxalicum</em> strain obtained from <em>Cedrus</em> spp. Their structures were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses (NMR and HRESIMS). Although pyrrole alkaloids are widespread in nature, <em>N</em>-alkylated pyrrole derivatives remain relatively rare, and their biological activities are poorly characterized. In this study, compounds <strong>1</strong> and <strong>2</strong> demonstrated the most potent activities against A549 cell with the IC₅₀ value of 7.86 ± 0.81 and 9.37 ± 0.42 μM, respectively. Additionally, compound <strong>1</strong> showed weak antibacterial activity against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> in agar diffusion assay.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106663"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mashiningan extract disturbs water absorption by decreasing aquaporin-3 expression in the colon","authors":"Risako Kon ,&nbsp;Nanami Inoue ,&nbsp;Michiru Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Mayu Deguchi ,&nbsp;Yudai Sato ,&nbsp;Shota Nishimoto ,&nbsp;Shiori Yonamine ,&nbsp;Yusuke Iwasaki ,&nbsp;Yumi Harada ,&nbsp;Naoki Fujitsuka ,&nbsp;Sachiko Mogami ,&nbsp;Nobutomo Ikarashi ,&nbsp;Hiroyasu Sakai ,&nbsp;Junzo Kamei ,&nbsp;Tomoo Hosoe","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic constipation decreases quality of life; therefore, appropriate treatment measures are crucial. However, current treatments are insufficient to adequately control defecation, necessitating the identification of new strategies that are more effective and safer. We investigated the laxative action mechanism of the <em>Kampo</em> medicine Mashiningan (MNG) and discussed its usefulness in constipation.</div><div>Rats were orally administered extracts of MNG or its herbal constituents, and defecation was analyzed. Expression levels of aquaporin-3 (AQP3) and inflammation-related genes in the colon were detected. The effects of the herbal medicines on inflammation were analyzed using macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells.</div><div>Fecal water content significantly increased in rats treated with MNG. Expression of AQP3 protein in the colon of the MNG-treated group reduced to ∼20 % of that in the control group. Examining the effect of compound herbal medicines, only administration of Daio extract increased defecation and reduced colonic expression of AQP3. Treatment with MNG significantly increased the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the colon, although this increase was less than that in the group treated with Daio alone. Mashinin, Kyonin, and Kijitsu could significantly suppress the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced increase in IL-1β and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells.</div><div>MNG exerted a laxative effect by decreasing AQP3 expression and disturbing water absorption in the colon. This effect was attributed to the herbal compound Daio. Furthermore, MNG contains Mashinin, Kyonin, and Kijitsu, which exert anti-inflammatory effects. Accordingly, MNG is a laxative with fewer side effects, such as abdominal pain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106659"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diterpenoids and diarylheptanoids from the fruits of Alpinia zerumbet and their anti-inflammatory activity","authors":"Zhenghan Zhang ,&nbsp;Guangqian Li ,&nbsp;Xin Luo ,&nbsp;Fang Xiao ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunping Tang ,&nbsp;Bintao Hu ,&nbsp;Zuoquan Xie ,&nbsp;Sheng Yao ,&nbsp;Yang Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A chemical investigation of the fruits of <em>Alpinia zerumbet</em> resulted in the isolation of three undescribed diterpenoids, including an unusual tricyclic dinor-diterpenoid (<strong>1</strong>) and two labdane-type diterpenoids (<strong>2</strong> and <strong>4</strong>), a new diarylheptanoid (<strong>7</strong>), and a new tricyclic pyrone (<strong>9</strong>), along with four known compounds. Their structures were fully established through a comprehensive analysis involving high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESI-MS), IR, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and TDDFT (time-dependent density functional theory) ECD (electronic circular dichroism) calculations. The anti-inflammatory activities of isolated compounds were assessed in stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist MSA-2-stimulated human THP1-Dual cells for their inhibitory effects on the interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) pathway. The results showed that compound <strong>5</strong> exhibited remarkable anti-inflammatory effect by significantly inhibiting the expression of IFN-<em>β</em>, ISG-15, and IL-6 in MSA-2-stimulated human THP1-Dual cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106662"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological exploration of natural 6-hydroxy flavone: A promising moiety","authors":"Hitesh Patil ,&nbsp;Siddheshwar Parmeshwar Khule ,&nbsp;Manish Gagrani ,&nbsp;Sachin Dattram Pawar","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>6-hydroxy Flavone (6-HF) is a naturally occurring biologically active flavonoid found in the leaves of <em>Barleria Prionitis Linn.</em> Plant Family <em>Acanthaceae</em><em>.</em> The 6-HF exhibits pharmacological activities like non-competitive cytochrome P450 2C9 enzyme inhibitors, potent antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This article has been written by collecting detailed information from online databases such as research articles from various public domain sites, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A comprehensive review of the available data indicates that 6-HF can modulate key molecular processes involved in tracheal relaxation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular differentiation. 6-HF has a potential anti-inflammatory impact by blocking important inflammatory pathways, a promising anxiolytic and neuroprotective effect by modifying Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type A(GABA_A) receptor function, and a promising anticancer effect by causing apoptosis by activating p53, p21, and caspases. It suppresses the Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway, preventing the activation of pro-inflammatory genes. Also, 6-HF reduces oxidative stress by neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in mitochondria and other cellular organelles. Despite all activities, a detailed study is required to show the exact molecular pathway behind these activities, and investigating its pharmacokinetic characteristics, bioavailability, and potential toxicity will be critical for its development as a medicinal drug. This study aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological properties of 6-HF, highlighting the need for further research to determine its therapeutic potential fully.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This review article briefly overviews chemistry, isolation, and pharmacological activity, along with some mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106647"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leucophyllusins A–H: new abietane, pimarane, and ent-kaurane diterpenoids from Isodon leucophyllus","authors":"Si-Ying Tian ,&nbsp;Kun Hu ,&nbsp;Han-Dong Sun ,&nbsp;Pema-Tenzin Puno","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eight new diterpenoids, leucophyllusins A–H (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>8</strong>), along with 19 known analogues (<strong>9</strong>–<strong>27</strong>) were obtained from the aerial parts of <em>Isodon leucophyllus</em>. Among them, abietanoids represented the predominant structural class. The structures and absolute configurations of all new compounds were unambiguously determined through a comprehensive analytical approach combining 1D/2D NMR, HRESIMS, and quantum chemical calculations. All compounds were tested for their inhibitory activity against arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. However, none exhibited significant activity relative to the positive controls.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106656"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of ethanolic extract of Clinacanthus nutans leaves in C2C12 myotubes: anti-exercise fatigue activity.","authors":"Ruiying Lyu, Jian Shi, Xueman Xiao, Wenting Gu, Jingxin Chen, Xueping Wu, Junming Wang, Chunhong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinacanthus nutans (Burm.f.) Lindau has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties due to its enrichment in natural active components. However, it has been unknown whether and how C. nutans affects the anti-exercise fatigue ability of muscles. Thus, we expected that C. nutans could shift skeletal muscle from fast to slow muscle fibers via AMPK signaling and promote mitochondrial biogenesis, thereby enhancing exercise fatigue resistance. This hypothesis was tested in the present study using the C2C12 myotube model. We identified vitexin, isovitexin, orientin, schaftoside, rutin, quercetin, and apigenin in the ethanolic extract of C. nutans leaves (EECN). EECN substantially boosted the protein expression of slow myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, and reduced fast MyHC. EECN significantly increased ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential in myotubes. EECN activated AMPK signaling, as well as upstream and downstream regulators. Furthermore, Compound C, which inhibited AMPK, significantly inhibited the effects above in C2C12 myotubes. In conclusion, EECN transformed skeletal muscle from fast to slow fibers and improved mitochondrial function via AMPK signaling pathway, and may play an important role in anti-exercise fatigue activity. This finding expanded the potential application of Clinacanthus nutans and provided a theoretical foundation for anti-exercise fatigue research in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":" ","pages":"106643"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interplay of triphala and its constituents with respect to metabolic disorders and gut-microbiome","authors":"Shaifali Gurjar ,&nbsp;Rajeev Taliyan ,&nbsp;Shobha Kumari ,&nbsp;Prashant Kesharwani","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ayurveda is based on natural therapeutic methods that focuses on eliminating toxins from the body and enhancing both physical and mental regeneration using herbal remedies. Medicinal plants have significant elemental and therapeutic value. Triphala (TLP) is a highly potent polyherbal Ayurvedic remedy that is widely regarded as one of the most crucial ayurvedic supplements. This study aims to analyze and comprehend the effectiveness and therapeutic value of TLP and its components by summarizing the pertinent literature based on a selection of publications obtained through a focused search of reliable academic resources. The review primarily emphasizes on the ethnomedical and pharmacological effects of TLP, while also providing a probable explanation of the underlying molecular mechanism. TLP is recognized for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antimutagenic, hypoglycemic, antineoplastic, chemoprotective, and radioprotective properties. It is also effective against parasitic infections, and other infectious disorders. Although, the mechanisms are not well explored but these activities are also ascribed to alter the gut microbiota composition. Therefore, it is imperative to undertake rigorous systematic study for TLP in order to identify and assess the chemical ingredients which bring about the change either in gut microbiome composition or increase the number of beneficial gut-microbiota. Hence, this review thoroughly examines the pharmacological advantages of Triphala with special emphasis on molecular mechanisms altering the gut-microbiota prior to its potential utilization in clinical environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106642"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resin from ant nest (Formica rufa) used in Austrian folk medicine provides a new antimicrobial compound","authors":"Johannes-Paul Fladerer-Grollitsch ,&nbsp;Anna Quehenberger ,&nbsp;Selina Fladerer-Grollitsch ,&nbsp;Olaf Kunert ,&nbsp;Robert Weis ,&nbsp;Andreas Leitner ,&nbsp;Franz Bucar","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a critical global health challenge, necessitating innovative strategies such as natural product-based drug discovery. This study explores “Waldrauch”, a resin derived from wood ant (<em>Formica rufa</em>) nests, traditionally used in Austrian folk medicine for treating infections. A combination of thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) was employed to identify novel compounds unique to “Waldrauch”. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using microdilution assays. The compound 4-(4-isopropylcyclohexyl)acetophenone was identified as a novel constituent exclusive to ant nest resin. A fraction purified via preparative TLC, containing this bioactive compound, demonstrated significantly greater antimicrobial efficacy than coniferous resins (<em>Picea abies</em> and <em>Abies alba</em>), with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 20 μg/mL against resistant pathogens, including methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <em>Enterobacter</em> species. These findings highlight the bioactive potential of “Waldrauch” and its significance in traditional medicine. Further studies are warranted to isolate and characterize its therapeutic applications, potentially offering a novel strategy for combating antibiotic-resistant infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106654"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Components, isolated from perilla leaves, synergistically alleviate the inflammation of acute lung injury via Syk/β2-integrin pathway","authors":"Xuyu Li ,&nbsp;Ruifang Zheng ,&nbsp;Wei Pan ,&nbsp;Nan Fang ,&nbsp;Xin Yin ,&nbsp;Longlong Yang ,&nbsp;Xilan Ma ,&nbsp;Qi Hou ,&nbsp;Ziqian Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanyan Li ,&nbsp;Mingbao Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Perilla frutescens</em> (L.) Britton has been widely used to treat respiratory diseases. Acute lung injury (ALI) is a complex and heterogeneous disease characterized by airway inflammation, pulmonary edema and hypoxia, but still lacks effective medications in clinic. Therefore, in this study, active components from perilla leaf extract (PLE) were identified and their therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms against ALI were further investigated. Using anti-inflammation bioactivity-guided fractionation, a fraction (PLE-A) with the highest anti-inflammatory activity was obtained from PLE, in which, the main components of Rosmarinic Acid (RosA) and Scutellarin (Scu) were identified by LC-MS/MS. And then, the synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of major compounds were screened by SynergyFinder, and confirmed <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo.</em> Furthermore, <em>in vivo</em>, PLE-A, RosA and Scu attenuated LPS-induced ALI, while the compatibility of RosA and Scu showed stronger activity than single compound, as well as <em>in vitro</em> suppressed LPS-induced monocyte/macrophage inflammation. Mechanically, the compatibility of RosA, Scu synergistically inhibited the expression and phosphorylation of Syk, LFA-1 and Mac-1 <em>in vitro</em>. Our findings demonstrated that RosA and Scu, the major compounds from PLE-A, synergistically alleviates airway inflammation of ALI potentially through inhibiting of Syk/β2-integrin pathway. Thus, our study provides a method to rapidly screen anti-ALI components from PLE, and validates their synergistic compatibility ratio, which increases their druggability and application in drug combination therapy against ALI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106655"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro nitric oxide inhibition of selected south African medicinal plants: A bio-guided purification of anti-inflammatory compounds from Conyza scabrida","authors":"Sibusiso Rali ,&nbsp;Bongiwe Mshengu ,&nbsp;Maryna Van De Venter ,&nbsp;Vinesh J. Maharaj","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of plant species by in vitro screening of extracts, fractions, and pure compounds on LPS-activated RAW 246.7 mouse macrophages. Plants were sourced from the plant repository in the Biodiscovery Centre, at the University of Pretoria. The plant materials were ground into fine powdered and extracted with dichloromethane: methanol (DCM:MeOH) (1:1) followed by 100 % MeOH, filtered, concentrated, and dried to generate extracts. Twelve extracts were fractionated using positive pressure solid phase extraction (ppSPE) Gilson liquid hander workstation, resulting in seven fractions per plant extract. The observed anti-inflammatory activity was mainly attributed to specific ppSPE fractions of the plant extracts rather than the entire crude extract.The most active plants species identified with 90 % inhibition at 25 μg/mL, were <em>Dodonaea. viscosa</em>, <em>Buxus natalensis</em>, <em>Flacourtia. indica</em>, and <em>Conyza scabrida</em>. The crude extract and ppSPE fractions (6 and 7) of <em>C. scabrida</em> demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory activity at 50 μg/mL with 97.8 % and 97.0 % inhibition, respectively. The Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) analysis of the active ppSPE fractions was used to tentatively identify two major compounds 5,3′,4′-trihydroxy-3,6,7,8-tetramethoxyflavone (C1) and hautriwaic acid (C2) and were subsequently purified using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC-MS) and confirmed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). At a concentration of 100 μM, they inhibited NO production by 96.6 % and 59.2 %, respectively. We have provided scientific preliminary evidence supporting ethnopharmacological claims of twelve South African medicinal plant species traditionally used to treat inflammatory diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106651"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}