Fitoterapia最新文献

{"title":"Unusual aromatic monacolin analogs from red yeast rice with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity","authors":"Jiachen Liu ,&nbsp;Qingjiang Xu ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Ronghua Pan ,&nbsp;Lizhong Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiaoya Shang ,&nbsp;Nan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three new unusual aromatic monacolin analogs, aromonacolin B (<strong>1</strong>), aromonacolin C (<strong>2</strong>), aromonacolin D (<strong>3</strong>), and one known <em>α</em>, <em>β</em>-hydromonacolin Q (<strong>4</strong>) were isolated and elucidated from a lipid-lowering active fraction in the ethyl acetate extraction of red yeast rice ethanol extract. The structures of these compounds were established through spectroscopic methods and literatures. All compounds showed very strong HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values of 0.015 μg/mL, 0.054 μg/mL, 0.089 μg/mL, and 0.47 μg/mL, respectively, and the lipid-lowering activity was about 10 times stronger than that of the positive control drug lovastatin (0.36 μg/mL).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106586"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly oxygenated sesquiterpenoids with neurotrophic and neuroprotective activities from the fruits of Illicium henryi Diels","authors":"Zhen-Xiang Liu ,&nbsp;Xue-Yu Zhao ,&nbsp;Jin-Da Li ,&nbsp;Liu-Dong Song ,&nbsp;Lin-Fen Ding ,&nbsp;Xing-De Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Illihenrolides A (<strong>1</strong>) and B (<strong>2</strong>), and illihenrin A (<strong>3</strong>), three highly oxygenated sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the fruits of <em>Illicium henryi</em> Diels, together with eight known analogs. The structures of <strong>1</strong>–<strong>3</strong> were elucidated using HRESIMS data and extensive ¹H, ¹³C, and 2D NMR (¹H<img>¹H COSY, HSQC, HMBC and ROESY) analyses. In addition, the absolute configurations of <strong>1</strong> and <strong>2</strong> were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction experiment and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Structurally, compounds <strong>1</strong> and <strong>2</strong> were determined as <em>seco</em>-prezizaane-type sesquiterpenoids, while <strong>3</strong> was identified to be <em>allo</em>-cedrane-type sesquiterpenoid. Furthermore, neurotrophic and neuroprotective activities of <strong>1</strong>–<strong>11</strong> were evaluated. As a result, compounds <strong>5</strong>, <strong>10</strong>, and <strong>11</strong> had significant promoting effect on NGF-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cell at the concentration of 10 μM with the differentiation rate of 13.64, 10.53, and 11.67 %, respectively. Compound <strong>9</strong> showed moderate neuroprotective activity against MPP⁺-induced PC12 cell damage with PC12 cell viability of 72.36 ± 1.70 % at the concentration of 20 μM, compared to the model group with 66.80 ± 0.65 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106588"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction of bioactive compounds from different yerba mate genotypes and development of an antimicrobial gel","authors":"Gustavo Zambon Mendonça ,&nbsp;Charles Windson Isidoro Haminiuk ,&nbsp;Alessandra Cristina Pedro ,&nbsp;Lucia Regina Rocha Martins ,&nbsp;Fernando Molin ,&nbsp;Gabriel Oales Kaminski Larsen ,&nbsp;Cristiane Vieira Helm ,&nbsp;Ivar Wendling ,&nbsp;Giselle Maria Maciel","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Yerba mate (<em>Ilex paraguariensis</em>) is an essential source of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and methylxanthines, which provide health benefits and present potential antimicrobial properties. Nevertheless, the yerba mate genotypes and conditions to obtain plant extracts may influence the results of their biological potential. This paper describes the production of hydroethanolic extracts from two different genotypes of yerba mate (BRS and EC38) using a statistical experimental design. The total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavones and flavonols (TFF), antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial potential were determined for each extract. Besides, some extracts were selected for chromatographic evaluation (LC-DAD and LC-QTOF-MS) and the development of an antimicrobial gel. The highest concentration of TPC was observed in BRS genotype (112 mg GAE/g DW) and the highest value of TFF was detected in EC38 genotype (19.45 QE/g DW). The highest values of antioxidant activities were 598.9 μmol TE/g DW for BRS and 753.7 μmol TE/g DW for EC38. A total of 16 phenolic compounds and flavonols were identified in yerba mate extracts by LC-QTOF-MS, and the EC38 genotype presented the highest number of compounds. The extracts from the BRS genotype had higher concentration of theobromine and caffeine, compared to the EC38 genotype. The yerba mate extracts could inhibit <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Candida albicans</em>, though at different levels. The yerba mate gels demonstrated equal and/or superior inhibitory capacity against <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em> compared to hand sanitizing gel produced only with ethanol (40 % and 70 %).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106582"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Argolide from Artemisia glabella Kar. et Kir. and syntheses of new biologically active compounds","authors":"S.M. Adekenov","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The article is dedicated to the chemical transformations of the natural sesquiterpene γ-lactone molecule 3-oxo-4,7α,6β(H)-germacr-1(10)(E),11(13)-dien-6,12-olide (argolide). For the first time, 18 new derivatives based on 3-oxo-4,7α,6β(H)-germacr-1(10)(E),11(13)-dien-6,12-olide have been synthesized, representing polyfunctional molecules with oxygen functionalities, halogen atoms, phosphorus, and nitrogen. The reaction of forming a hybrid compound based on sesquiterpene γ-lactone and alkaloids is discussed. Stereoselectivity and regioselectivity of the reaction of the molecule 3-oxo-4,7α,6β(H)-germacr-1(10)(E),11(13)-dien-6,12-olide with reagents are noted.</div><div>The new germacranolide compounds were studied for cytotoxicity, antitumor, antiparasitic, and antimicrobial activities.</div><div>In in vitro experiments, antiparasitic activity of argolide samples and their derivatives against the promastigote of <em>Leishmania amazonensis</em> and the trypomastigote of <em>Trypanosoma brucei brucei</em> was observed. In in vivo conditions, 100 % effectiveness of argolide against helminths <em>Toxocara canis</em>, <em>Ancylostoma caninum</em>, and <em>Uncinaria stenocephala</em> was determined in dogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liang-Ge-San drives macrophages toward M2 polarization for alleviating lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via activating the miR-21/PTEN axis","authors":"Zhuping Zheng ,&nbsp;Tangjia Yang ,&nbsp;Huihui Cao ,&nbsp;Jingtao Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaochuan Fang ,&nbsp;Xuemei He ,&nbsp;Lifang Zou ,&nbsp;Dongkai Tang ,&nbsp;Zibin Lu ,&nbsp;Junshan Liu ,&nbsp;Linzhong Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute lung injury (ALI) has high clinical mortality currently and no specific drugs available for its treatment. Although Liang-Ge-San (LGS), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, is known to promote inflammation resolution and shorten hospitalization duration of ALI, the mechanism is still unclear. Our results demonstrated that LGS regulated the dynamic balance of macrophage polarization as reflected by up-regulating the expression of anti-inflammatory factors (CD206, Arg-1 and IL-10) in advance to counteract the high expression of pro-inflammatory factors (CD86, iNOS, IL-6 and TNF-α) <em>in vitro</em>. MiR-21 concentration was elevated in LPS-challenged RAW264.7 cells and ALI mice. Moreover, the overexpression of miR-21 mimicked the anti-inflammatory effects of LGS, whereas a miR-21 inhibitor abolished the protective effects of LGS <em>in vitro</em>. Most importantly, LGS protected ALI mice from LPS which could be counteracted by the treatment of miR-21 antagomir. Furthermore, LGS could inhibit the transcriptional activity and protein expression of PTEN by up-regulating miR-21. In summary, LGS functions by regulating the miR-21/PTEN axis to induce a shift in macrophages from a pro-inflammatory phenotype to an anti-inflammatory phenotype, thereby alleviating LPS-induced ALI. This study supports the clinical evidence of LGS in the treatment of ALI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation in NF-κB-p65/NLRP3, TXNIP-mediated signaling using an ethanolic fruit extract of Withania coagulans mitigates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats","authors":"Kaveri R. Washimkar ,&nbsp;Amol Chhatrapati Bisen ,&nbsp;Shobhit Verma ,&nbsp;Divya Bhatt ,&nbsp;Manisha Yadav ,&nbsp;Akhilesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Rabi Shankar Bhatta ,&nbsp;Dnyaneshwar U. Bawankule ,&nbsp;Prem Prakash Yadav ,&nbsp;Madhav Nilakanth Mugale","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Withania coagulans</em> encompasses many active phytoconstituents, which have been used to treat many ailments. Prior research has shown that fruit extract of <em>Withania coagulans</em> has anti-inflammatory properties and effectively reduces oxidative stress in various diseases. Nevertheless, its effects are not obscured in the silica (SiO₂) induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF). In the current study, an ethanolic fruit extract of <em>Withania coagulans</em> (WCE) was prepared, and its effects and underlying mechanisms on SiO₂-induced PF in rats were elucidated. LC-MS/MS analysis identified various bioactive phytoconstituents, secondary plant metabolites, and flavonoids in the WCE. In vitro<em>,</em> results showed that the WCE exhibited no toxicity towards A549 cells, reduced the production of reactive oxygen species, and inhibited cell migration. Further, WCE abrogated alveolar wall thickening, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, and maintained lung architecture. It also suppresses collagen accumulation and mucus production, abrogating inflammation by downregulating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB-p65)/ NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and cytokine levels. It suppresses oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by SiO₂ by downregulating thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP) proteins. Additionally, WCE, by suppressing EMT and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)/Suppressor of Mothers against Decapentaplegic (Smad) pathway, mitigated PF in rats. Taken together, WCE via anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties inhibited SiO₂-induced PF, and therefore, it can be envisaged as an effective antifibrotic agent to treat PF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106578"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sorbicillinoids with anti-inflammatory activity from the mangrove sediment-derived fungus Trichoderma reesei SCSIO 41705","authors":"Lin-Fang Zhong ,&nbsp;Qing-Hui Zou ,&nbsp;Xu-Meng Ren ,&nbsp;Juan Ling ,&nbsp;Shu-Hua Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thirteen new sorbicillinoids including trichosorbicilloid A (<strong>1</strong>), 12-<em>epi</em>- trichosorbicilloid A (<strong>2</strong>), trichosorbicilloids B − C (<strong>3</strong>–<strong>4</strong>), 24-hydroxy-12-<em>epi</em>-trichobisvertinol D (<strong>5</strong>), 15,24-dihydroxy-12-<em>epi</em>-trichobisvertinol D (<strong>6</strong>), 15,24-dihydroxy-13,14-tetrahydro-12-<em>epi</em>-trichobisvertinol D (<strong>7</strong>), 15-hydroxy-13,14-tetrahydro-12-<em>epi</em>-trichobisvertinol D (<strong>8</strong>), 24-hydroxy-trichobisvertinol D (<strong>9</strong>), 15,24-hydroxy-trichobisvertinol D (<strong>10</strong>), 13,20-dihydroxy-trichodermolide (<strong>11</strong>), 20-hydroxy-13-trichodermolide acid (<strong>12</strong>), and trichosorbicilloid D (<strong>13</strong>) were isolated from the mangrove sediment-derived fungus <em>Trichoderma reesei</em> SCSIO 41705. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, and their absolute configurations were established by quantum chemical calculations of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra or comparison of experimental ECD spectra. Compounds <strong>1</strong> and <strong>2</strong> possess a novel cagelike polycyclic skeleton with a unique 5/5/5/5/6 ring system. Compound <strong>3</strong> was the first example of hybrid sorbicillinoid fused vertinolide with a 3-propyl-1<em>H</em>-indole unit by Michael-addition. Compounds <strong>5</strong>–<strong>13</strong> as dimeric sorbicillinoids have different sorbyl side chains. Biologically, compounds <strong>3</strong>, <strong>11</strong> and <strong>13</strong> showed potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. A preliminary structure-anti-inflammatory activity relationship of sorbicillinoids was also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xin Sheng Hua Granule ameliorate chemotherapy-induced blood deficiency syndrome through ihibiting JAK1/STAT1 pathway activation","authors":"Jie Luo ,&nbsp;Pei-Feng Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiao-Li Li,&nbsp;Jun-Ying Huang,&nbsp;Qiong Jin,&nbsp;Xi Zhang,&nbsp;Lu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>As a classic prescription for postpartum diseases in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, Xin Sheng Hua Granule (XSHG) exerts pharmacological activities such as promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. However, its mechanism remains incompletely elucidated to date.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To analyze the nascent particles by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight/Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS), to explore the effectiveness of XSHG on blood deficiency syndrome, and to clarify its material basis and potential mechanism.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The chemical composition of nascent particles was qualitatively analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. The mechanism of XSHG in alleviating blood deficiency syndrome was predicted using network pharmacology, and its effects were further investigated by establishing a rat model of blood deficiency. The expression of related proteins in the Janus Kinase 1 (JAK1)/ Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1) signaling pathway and inflammatory proteins were examined using the methods such as Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&amp;E), Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western Blotting (WB) to elucidate the underlying protective mechanisms of XSHG in mitigating Blood Deficiency Syndrome (BDS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 109 compounds were identified from the nascent particles. Network pharmacology research reveals that the mechanism of XSHG in the treatment of BDS may be related to the JAK1/STAT1 signaling pathway. In experiments, XSHG significantly protected mice against Cyclophosphamide (CTX) and APH-induced BDS by attenuating spleen histological changes and activities of Erythropoietin (EPO), (Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor) GM-CSF. The BDS with CTX and APH-induced was inhibited by XSHG as confirmed by the inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-<em>α</em>), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1<em>β</em>) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. Furthermore, CTX and APH-induced expression of JAK1 and STAT1, and activation of nuclear factor-<em>κ</em>B (NF-<em>κ</em>B) were significantly suppressed by XSHG.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study revealed the chemical composition of XSHG and elucidated the great benefit of XSHG in the treatment of CTX combined with Acetylphenylhydrazine (APH)-induced BDS. This study explores the mechanism of XSHG from the perspective of JAK1/STAT1 signaling pathway for the first time, and provides a scientific basis for further study of XSHG and BDS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guaiane sesquiterpenoid—Glucozaluzanin C from Ainsliaea fragrans Champ. targets TLR4/p65 to regulate NF-κB/MAPK pathway, alleviating sepsis-induced acute liver injury","authors":"Miao Lai ,&nbsp;Yushun Cui ,&nbsp;Ying Yang ,&nbsp;Zhujun Wang ,&nbsp;Min Yao ,&nbsp;Shilin Yang ,&nbsp;Junmao Li ,&nbsp;Yulin Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Six guaiane sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the <em>Ainsliaea fragrans</em> Champ., including four new compounds and two known compounds. Their structures were elucidated through comprehensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analyses. Compared to other compounds, Compound <strong>1</strong>, glucozaluzanin C (GC), which has an intact α, β-unsaturated ketone structure, demonstrated superior anti-inflammatory activity. In vitro and in vivo experimental studies had shown that GC had a significant effect in alleviating LPS-induced macrophage inflammation and acute liver injury. GC could target TLR4 and p65 proteins and significantly inhibit the activation and expression of NF-κB/MAPK pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different in vivo administration routes of essential oil for various therapies: A review","authors":"Monith raj G. ,&nbsp;David Wilson D. ,&nbsp;Jenitha V. ,&nbsp;Kokelavani N.B. ,&nbsp;Srividhya M. ,&nbsp;Nandana Vijay ,&nbsp;Berlin Grace V.M.","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Essential oils derived from aromatic and non-aromatic plant sources, are recognized for their <em>in vivo</em> potential therapeutic benefits, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory and other regulatory roles by the scientific community. However, translation of such <em>in vivo</em> therapeutic application in clinical field is not yet available. This study examines the pre-clinical scientific studies on varied administration methods of essential oils for therapeutic purposes. The focus of this study is to explore the different administration routes, which are crucial for optimizing the delivery of these bioactive compounds for internal administration and improving their therapeutic effectiveness. Traditional and innovative methods, such as inhalation, dermal application, oral ingestion, intraperitoneal injection, and intravenous infusion are investigated. Each route has its advantages and challenges, which may impact the bioavailability, systemic distribution and toxicity of essential oils. However, such comparative pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies are lacking for the essential oils. The available basic information regarding <em>in vivo</em> bioavailability and toxic reactions of essential oils are discussed briefly in this review. The research findings have significant implications for developing targeted and personalized essential oil treatments, advancing integrative medicine and complementary therapy approaches. The analysis of various <em>in vivo</em> therapeutic study findings implies that a promising therapeutic efficiency can be achieved with essential oils at different dose ranges for different routes of administrations. The comparative analysis on therapeutic effects of different routes of administration and methods essential oil extraction are lacking. The bioavailability and toxicity studies are also limited for these therapeutic studies. Furthermore, the detailed molecular mechanism of <em>in vivo</em> therapeutic actions is not yet established in the studies. Ultimately, this investigation adds to the expanding knowledge base on essential oil administration routes, providing valuable guidance for healthcare professionals and researchers in the field of natural medicine. However, extensive <em>in vivo</em> pre-clinical studies are warranted for translation of essential oil therapy to clinical usage. Also all the traditional uses of essential oil for therapy must be validated <em>via</em> scientific studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}