Fitoterapia最新文献

{"title":"Liang-Ge-San drives macrophages toward M2 polarization for alleviating lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via activating the miR-21/PTEN axis","authors":"Zhuping Zheng ,&nbsp;Tangjia Yang ,&nbsp;Huihui Cao ,&nbsp;Jingtao Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaochuan Fang ,&nbsp;Xuemei He ,&nbsp;Lifang Zou ,&nbsp;Dongkai Tang ,&nbsp;Zibin Lu ,&nbsp;Junshan Liu ,&nbsp;Linzhong Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute lung injury (ALI) has high clinical mortality currently and no specific drugs available for its treatment. Although Liang-Ge-San (LGS), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, is known to promote inflammation resolution and shorten hospitalization duration of ALI, the mechanism is still unclear. Our results demonstrated that LGS regulated the dynamic balance of macrophage polarization as reflected by up-regulating the expression of anti-inflammatory factors (CD206, Arg-1 and IL-10) in advance to counteract the high expression of pro-inflammatory factors (CD86, iNOS, IL-6 and TNF-α) <em>in vitro</em>. MiR-21 concentration was elevated in LPS-challenged RAW264.7 cells and ALI mice. Moreover, the overexpression of miR-21 mimicked the anti-inflammatory effects of LGS, whereas a miR-21 inhibitor abolished the protective effects of LGS <em>in vitro</em>. Most importantly, LGS protected ALI mice from LPS which could be counteracted by the treatment of miR-21 antagomir. Furthermore, LGS could inhibit the transcriptional activity and protein expression of PTEN by up-regulating miR-21. In summary, LGS functions by regulating the miR-21/PTEN axis to induce a shift in macrophages from a pro-inflammatory phenotype to an anti-inflammatory phenotype, thereby alleviating LPS-induced ALI. This study supports the clinical evidence of LGS in the treatment of ALI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation in NF-κB-p65/NLRP3, TXNIP-mediated signaling using an ethanolic fruit extract of Withania coagulans mitigates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats","authors":"Kaveri R. Washimkar ,&nbsp;Amol Chhatrapati Bisen ,&nbsp;Shobhit Verma ,&nbsp;Divya Bhatt ,&nbsp;Manisha Yadav ,&nbsp;Akhilesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Rabi Shankar Bhatta ,&nbsp;Dnyaneshwar U. Bawankule ,&nbsp;Prem Prakash Yadav ,&nbsp;Madhav Nilakanth Mugale","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Withania coagulans</em> encompasses many active phytoconstituents, which have been used to treat many ailments. Prior research has shown that fruit extract of <em>Withania coagulans</em> has anti-inflammatory properties and effectively reduces oxidative stress in various diseases. Nevertheless, its effects are not obscured in the silica (SiO₂) induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF). In the current study, an ethanolic fruit extract of <em>Withania coagulans</em> (WCE) was prepared, and its effects and underlying mechanisms on SiO₂-induced PF in rats were elucidated. LC-MS/MS analysis identified various bioactive phytoconstituents, secondary plant metabolites, and flavonoids in the WCE. In vitro<em>,</em> results showed that the WCE exhibited no toxicity towards A549 cells, reduced the production of reactive oxygen species, and inhibited cell migration. Further, WCE abrogated alveolar wall thickening, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, and maintained lung architecture. It also suppresses collagen accumulation and mucus production, abrogating inflammation by downregulating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB-p65)/ NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and cytokine levels. It suppresses oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by SiO₂ by downregulating thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP) proteins. Additionally, WCE, by suppressing EMT and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)/Suppressor of Mothers against Decapentaplegic (Smad) pathway, mitigated PF in rats. Taken together, WCE via anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties inhibited SiO₂-induced PF, and therefore, it can be envisaged as an effective antifibrotic agent to treat PF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106578"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sorbicillinoids with anti-inflammatory activity from the mangrove sediment-derived fungus Trichoderma reesei SCSIO 41705","authors":"Lin-Fang Zhong ,&nbsp;Qing-Hui Zou ,&nbsp;Xu-Meng Ren ,&nbsp;Juan Ling ,&nbsp;Shu-Hua Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thirteen new sorbicillinoids including trichosorbicilloid A (<strong>1</strong>), 12-<em>epi</em>- trichosorbicilloid A (<strong>2</strong>), trichosorbicilloids B − C (<strong>3</strong>–<strong>4</strong>), 24-hydroxy-12-<em>epi</em>-trichobisvertinol D (<strong>5</strong>), 15,24-dihydroxy-12-<em>epi</em>-trichobisvertinol D (<strong>6</strong>), 15,24-dihydroxy-13,14-tetrahydro-12-<em>epi</em>-trichobisvertinol D (<strong>7</strong>), 15-hydroxy-13,14-tetrahydro-12-<em>epi</em>-trichobisvertinol D (<strong>8</strong>), 24-hydroxy-trichobisvertinol D (<strong>9</strong>), 15,24-hydroxy-trichobisvertinol D (<strong>10</strong>), 13,20-dihydroxy-trichodermolide (<strong>11</strong>), 20-hydroxy-13-trichodermolide acid (<strong>12</strong>), and trichosorbicilloid D (<strong>13</strong>) were isolated from the mangrove sediment-derived fungus <em>Trichoderma reesei</em> SCSIO 41705. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, and their absolute configurations were established by quantum chemical calculations of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra or comparison of experimental ECD spectra. Compounds <strong>1</strong> and <strong>2</strong> possess a novel cagelike polycyclic skeleton with a unique 5/5/5/5/6 ring system. Compound <strong>3</strong> was the first example of hybrid sorbicillinoid fused vertinolide with a 3-propyl-1<em>H</em>-indole unit by Michael-addition. Compounds <strong>5</strong>–<strong>13</strong> as dimeric sorbicillinoids have different sorbyl side chains. Biologically, compounds <strong>3</strong>, <strong>11</strong> and <strong>13</strong> showed potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. A preliminary structure-anti-inflammatory activity relationship of sorbicillinoids was also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xin Sheng Hua Granule ameliorate chemotherapy-induced blood deficiency syndrome through ihibiting JAK1/STAT1 pathway activation","authors":"Jie Luo ,&nbsp;Pei-Feng Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiao-Li Li,&nbsp;Jun-Ying Huang,&nbsp;Qiong Jin,&nbsp;Xi Zhang,&nbsp;Lu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>As a classic prescription for postpartum diseases in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, Xin Sheng Hua Granule (XSHG) exerts pharmacological activities such as promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. However, its mechanism remains incompletely elucidated to date.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To analyze the nascent particles by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight/Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS), to explore the effectiveness of XSHG on blood deficiency syndrome, and to clarify its material basis and potential mechanism.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The chemical composition of nascent particles was qualitatively analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. The mechanism of XSHG in alleviating blood deficiency syndrome was predicted using network pharmacology, and its effects were further investigated by establishing a rat model of blood deficiency. The expression of related proteins in the Janus Kinase 1 (JAK1)/ Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1) signaling pathway and inflammatory proteins were examined using the methods such as Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&amp;E), Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western Blotting (WB) to elucidate the underlying protective mechanisms of XSHG in mitigating Blood Deficiency Syndrome (BDS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 109 compounds were identified from the nascent particles. Network pharmacology research reveals that the mechanism of XSHG in the treatment of BDS may be related to the JAK1/STAT1 signaling pathway. In experiments, XSHG significantly protected mice against Cyclophosphamide (CTX) and APH-induced BDS by attenuating spleen histological changes and activities of Erythropoietin (EPO), (Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor) GM-CSF. The BDS with CTX and APH-induced was inhibited by XSHG as confirmed by the inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-<em>α</em>), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1<em>β</em>) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. Furthermore, CTX and APH-induced expression of JAK1 and STAT1, and activation of nuclear factor-<em>κ</em>B (NF-<em>κ</em>B) were significantly suppressed by XSHG.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study revealed the chemical composition of XSHG and elucidated the great benefit of XSHG in the treatment of CTX combined with Acetylphenylhydrazine (APH)-induced BDS. This study explores the mechanism of XSHG from the perspective of JAK1/STAT1 signaling pathway for the first time, and provides a scientific basis for further study of XSHG and BDS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guaiane sesquiterpenoid—Glucozaluzanin C from Ainsliaea fragrans Champ. targets TLR4/p65 to regulate NF-κB/MAPK pathway, alleviating sepsis-induced acute liver injury","authors":"Miao Lai ,&nbsp;Yushun Cui ,&nbsp;Ying Yang ,&nbsp;Zhujun Wang ,&nbsp;Min Yao ,&nbsp;Shilin Yang ,&nbsp;Junmao Li ,&nbsp;Yulin Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Six guaiane sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the <em>Ainsliaea fragrans</em> Champ., including four new compounds and two known compounds. Their structures were elucidated through comprehensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analyses. Compared to other compounds, Compound <strong>1</strong>, glucozaluzanin C (GC), which has an intact α, β-unsaturated ketone structure, demonstrated superior anti-inflammatory activity. In vitro and in vivo experimental studies had shown that GC had a significant effect in alleviating LPS-induced macrophage inflammation and acute liver injury. GC could target TLR4 and p65 proteins and significantly inhibit the activation and expression of NF-κB/MAPK pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different in vivo administration routes of essential oil for various therapies: A review","authors":"Monith raj G. ,&nbsp;David Wilson D. ,&nbsp;Jenitha V. ,&nbsp;Kokelavani N.B. ,&nbsp;Srividhya M. ,&nbsp;Nandana Vijay ,&nbsp;Berlin Grace V.M.","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Essential oils derived from aromatic and non-aromatic plant sources, are recognized for their <em>in vivo</em> potential therapeutic benefits, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory and other regulatory roles by the scientific community. However, translation of such <em>in vivo</em> therapeutic application in clinical field is not yet available. This study examines the pre-clinical scientific studies on varied administration methods of essential oils for therapeutic purposes. The focus of this study is to explore the different administration routes, which are crucial for optimizing the delivery of these bioactive compounds for internal administration and improving their therapeutic effectiveness. Traditional and innovative methods, such as inhalation, dermal application, oral ingestion, intraperitoneal injection, and intravenous infusion are investigated. Each route has its advantages and challenges, which may impact the bioavailability, systemic distribution and toxicity of essential oils. However, such comparative pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies are lacking for the essential oils. The available basic information regarding <em>in vivo</em> bioavailability and toxic reactions of essential oils are discussed briefly in this review. The research findings have significant implications for developing targeted and personalized essential oil treatments, advancing integrative medicine and complementary therapy approaches. The analysis of various <em>in vivo</em> therapeutic study findings implies that a promising therapeutic efficiency can be achieved with essential oils at different dose ranges for different routes of administrations. The comparative analysis on therapeutic effects of different routes of administration and methods essential oil extraction are lacking. The bioavailability and toxicity studies are also limited for these therapeutic studies. Furthermore, the detailed molecular mechanism of <em>in vivo</em> therapeutic actions is not yet established in the studies. Ultimately, this investigation adds to the expanding knowledge base on essential oil administration routes, providing valuable guidance for healthcare professionals and researchers in the field of natural medicine. However, extensive <em>in vivo</em> pre-clinical studies are warranted for translation of essential oil therapy to clinical usage. Also all the traditional uses of essential oil for therapy must be validated <em>via</em> scientific studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory benzophenones from the barks of mango (Mangifera indica L.)","authors":"Runfa Liao ,&nbsp;Junjie Cai ,&nbsp;Wenxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yihai Wang ,&nbsp;Jingwen Xu ,&nbsp;Xiangjiu He","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mango (<em>Mangifera indica</em> L.)<em>,</em> commonly known as the “king of fruits”, has been cultivated in South Asia for thousands of years. Its barks are a rich source of naturally occurring phytochemicals, such as benzophenones, phenolic acids, and sterols. Meanwhile, mango has been commonly used as a traditional Chinese medicine for inflammation-related diseases. In this study, phytochemicals in the barks of mango have been carried out and twenty-two benzophenones, including eight undescribed compounds were isolated and purified. Their structures were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic method. Anti-neuroinflammatory effects of the isolated benzophenones were evaluated in BV-2 microglia cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The benzophenones exhibited significant inhibitive effects on the production of nitric oxide (NO), IL-6 and IL-1<em>β</em>. Notably, compound <strong>16</strong> exhibited the strongest activity (IC₅₀ = 12.93 ± 0.67 μM), outperforming minocycline (IC₅₀ = 34.73 ± 4.06 μM). Further mechanistic studies on compounds <strong>19</strong> and <strong>22</strong> revealed they concentration-dependently suppressed of iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and CCL2, alongside inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation, which suggested NF-κB pathway involvement. These results suggest that the benzophenones from mango barks might be explored as a healthy benefit agent to be used for neurodegenerative diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143890785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ramulus Cinnamomi (Cinnamomum cassia)-Radix Glycyrrhizae (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) herb treat hypoxia-induced injury H9c2 cells by modulating the PI3K/Akt pathway","authors":"Fei Xu ,&nbsp;Qixiao Wang ,&nbsp;Ran Li ,&nbsp;Michael Adu-Frimpong ,&nbsp;Linna Zhu ,&nbsp;Xu Miao ,&nbsp;Hongbei Liu ,&nbsp;Yuchu Chen ,&nbsp;Qilong Wang ,&nbsp;Shanshan Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ramulus Cinnamomi (RC) and Radix Glycyrrhizae (RG) are two herbs commonly used for the combined treatment of hypoxia-induced injury, including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, coronary heart disease and so on. However, the mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of “RC-RG” herbal single decoction and co-decoction on hypoxia-induced injury, and to explore the main active substances and their pathways that exert therapeutic effects. This study systematically investigated the optimal extraction method of “RC-RG” using fingerprint analysis, identified potential active compounds through molecular docking, and elucidated its therapeutic mechanisms through comprehensive in vitro experiments from multiple experimental perspectives. The results demonstrated that the co-decoction of “RC-RG” extract exhibited superior extraction effect compared to the single decoction and the therapeutic effect on Hypoxia-Induced Injury H9c2 Cells was slightly improved. Coumarin (CO), cinnamic acid (CA), cinnamaldehyde (CL), and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) were identified as potential active compounds responsible for the therapeutic effects. Furthermore, treatment with RC-RG and its active monomers significantly ameliorated the damage in hypoxia-induced H9c2 cells, highlighting their protective and restorative potential. Compared with the model group, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was significantly activated following treatment with “RC-RG” extract and CO, CA, CL, GA. In conclusion, this study is the first to reveal that “RC-RG” and its extracts exert therapeutic effects against hypoxia-induced injury by modulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and CO, CA, CL, and GA may be potential active substances that exert therapeutic effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction, purification, structural characterization, bioactivities and application of polysaccharides from different parts of pine","authors":"Jingqun Liu ,&nbsp;Xiang Yuan ,&nbsp;Yuxin Wei ,&nbsp;Wenhui Yuan ,&nbsp;Zhibin Wang ,&nbsp;Changhong Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pine plant belongs to the genus <em>Pinus</em> and the <em>Pinaceae</em> family. Approximately 100 species are predominantly distributed in the northern hemisphere. Historically, various parts of pine trees, including pollen, needles, cones, and nuts, have been used in traditional medicine for their therapeutic properties. Polysaccharides have emerged as key bioactive constituents of pine in recent decades, attracting significant scientific interest due to their immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Despite extensive studies on extraction methods and biological functions of pine polysaccharides, major gaps remain in understanding their structure–activity relationships. Current structural analyses are predominantly limited to monosaccharide composition and molecular weight. Moreover, systematic comparisons of polysaccharides from different pine tissues are scarce. Therefore, the mechanisms underlying the bioactivity and full pharmaceutical potential of pine polysaccharides need elucidation. This study aimed to comprehensively review recent advances in the extraction, purification, structural characterization, and biological activities of polysaccharides derived from distinct pine components. Comprehensive information on the <em>Pinus</em> species was collected <em>via</em> electronic searches (<em>e.g.</em>, GoogleScholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and CNKI) and from reference books. Existing data on structure–activity correlations and applications were integrated, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for future research on pine polysaccharides as novel therapeutic agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106569"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted isolation of isopentenyl flavonoids from Daphne giraldii Nitsche based on feature-based molecular networking and their cytotoxic activities","authors":"Fu-Xin Hu ,&nbsp;Ben-Song Xin ,&nbsp;Gu-Xue Zhang ,&nbsp;Zi-Hao Ge ,&nbsp;Shuang Qiu ,&nbsp;Guo-Dong Yao ,&nbsp;Xiao-Xiao Huang ,&nbsp;Shao-Jiang Song","doi":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Isopentenyl flavonoids were important chemical components in <em>Daphne giraldii</em> Nitsche with significant cytotoxic activities against hepatocellular carcinoma cells in previous study. In this study, Feature-Based Molecular Networking was utilized to perform the targeted isolation of the phytochemical investigation of <em>D. giraldii</em>. As a result, five undescribed isopentenyl flavonoids (<strong>1</strong>, <strong>2a</strong>/<strong>2b</strong>, <strong>3</strong>, and <strong>4</strong>) were isolated from <em>D. giraldii.</em> Their structures and configurations were established by comprehensive spectral analysis and comparing experimental ECD and calculated data. In addition, all isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activities against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines. Specifically, compound <strong>2</strong> exhibited significant cytotoxic activities with IC₅₀ values of 11.63 ± 0.22 μM and 0.10 ± 0.02 μM, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12147,"journal":{"name":"Fitoterapia","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}