European Journal of Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Tacit Creationism Encourages Oversimplified Views of Functions and Dysfunctions","authors":"Dan J. Stein,&nbsp;Randolph M. Nesse","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Notions of function and dysfunction are fundamental for neuroscience, psychology and psychiatry but remain contentious. We propose that some of these controversies arise from ‘tacit creationism’, which disavows a designer but nonetheless views bodies and brain-minds as if they are products of conscious planning with discrete parts that serve specific functions. Many philosophers agree that ‘failure to perform a normal function’ is fundamental to the concepts of physical disease and mental disorder. However, unlike machines and computers, no blueprint defines a single normal phenotype for bodies and brain-minds. Instead, varying genes interact with one another and environments to create individuals who vary in ways that give advantages and disadvantages that depend on the environment. Many clinically relevant variations influence the gain in control systems for adaptive responses such as anxiety and low mood, making it difficult to draw a bright line between normal and excessive activation of distressing emotions in a particular context. Literal interpretations of the metaphor of body as machine or brain-mind as computer encourage essentializing normality and pathology—expecting functions to be as specific as those for parts of machine and dysfunctions to involve discrete anatomo-physiological or molecular defects corresponding to broken parts. Rejecting tacit creationism, and accepting the messy reality of organic complexity, the fuzzy boundaries of disorders and the multiple difference-makers that contribute to pathogenesis offers a better way forward for neuroscience, psychology and psychiatry.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the Subthalamic Nucleus Sleeping Under Nitrous Oxide–Ketamine General Anesthesia?","authors":"Halen Baker Erdman,&nbsp;Hagai Bergman,&nbsp;Karin Abu Haya,&nbsp;Stefanie Glowinsky,&nbsp;Lotem Warhaftig,&nbsp;Juan F. León,&nbsp;Zvi Israel,&nbsp;Muneer Abu Snineh,&nbsp;Evgeniya Kornilov,&nbsp;Omer Zarchi,&nbsp;Idit Tamir,&nbsp;Johnathan Reiner,&nbsp;Tsvia Fay-Karmon,&nbsp;Sharon Hassin-Baer,&nbsp;Violeta Glauber,&nbsp;Tomer Nir,&nbsp;José Antonio Asprilla González,&nbsp;Lior Ungar,&nbsp;Zion Zibly","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nitrous oxide is a common gaseous anesthetic used in a wide range of medical procedures due to its desirable combination of anesthetic and analgesic properties. Deep brain stimulation surgery, a well-established treatment for movement disorders like Parkinson's disease, often requires precise microelectrode recordings of the awake brain's electrical signals for optimal results. However, the influence of anesthetics on these brain signals remains a critical consideration. This study investigated how nitrous oxide general anesthesia supplemented by ketamine affects the electrophysiology of the subthalamic nucleus compared to awake and low-dose ketamine sedation during deep brain stimulation procedures targeting the subthalamic nucleus of Parkinson's disease patients. Spectral analysis of subthalamic nucleus electrophysiological characteristics and statistical analysis of its electrophysiological dimensions were performed on retrospective data from three medical centers. Our findings revealed that nitrous-ketamine general anesthesia allows electrophysiological subthalamic nucleus identification, despite a slight decrease in overall activity level. Nevertheless, nitrous–ketamine showed significantly lower beta frequency power inside the nucleus compared to the ketamine and awake groups. At the group level, and in many trajectories, delineation of subthalamic nucleus subdomains can be achieved by detection of changes in the delta frequency oscillations. Notably, no differences in electrophysiological nucleus dimensions were found between the three groups. These findings suggest that it is possible to recognize the entrance and exit of the subthalamic nucleus with high confidence under nitrous oxide–ketamine anesthesia. However, the motor subregion of the nucleus is more difficult to delineate under nitrous anesthesia than ketamine sedation or awake, which may affect outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurophysiological Treatment Effects of Mesdopetam, Pimavanserin and Amantadine in a Rodent Model of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia","authors":"Abdolaziz Ronaghi,&nbsp;Tiberiu Loredan Stan,&nbsp;Sebastian A. Barrientos,&nbsp;Pär Halje,&nbsp;Azat Nasretdinov,&nbsp;Luciano Censoni,&nbsp;Sebastian Sulis Sato,&nbsp;Evgenya Malinina,&nbsp;Joakim Tedroff,&nbsp;Nicholas Waters,&nbsp;Per Petersson","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Levodopa provides effective symptomatic treatment for Parkinson's disease. However, nonmotor symptoms are often insufficiently relieved, and its long-term use is complicated by motor fluctuations and dyskinesia. To clarify mechanisms of levodopa-induced dyskinesia and pharmacological interventions aimed at reducing dyskinetic symptoms, we have here characterized the neurophysiological activity patterns in sensorimotor and cognitive-limbic circuits in dyskinetic rats, comparing the effects of amantadine, pimavanserin, and the novel prospective antidyskinetic and antipsychotic treatment mesdopetam. Parallel recordings of local field potentials from 11 cortical and subcortical regions revealed suppression of narrowband gamma oscillations (NBGs) in sensorimotor structures by amantadine and mesdopetam in conjunction with alleviation of dyskinetic signs. Concomitant gamma oscillations in cognitive-limbic circuits were not directly linked to dyskinesia and were not affected by antidyskinetic treatments to the same extent, although treatment-induced reductions in functional coupling were observed in both sensorimotor and cognitive-limbic circuits, in parallel. In a broad frequency spectrum (1–200 Hz), mesdopetam treatment displayed greater similarities to pimavanserin than to amantadine. These findings point to the reduction of NBGs as a valuable biomarker for the characterization of antidyskinetic treatment effects and provide systems-level mechanistic insights into the antidyskinetic efficacy of mesdopetam, with potential additional benefits for the treatment of Parkinson's-related psychosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Field Potential Biomarkers of Non-Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease: Insights From the Subthalamic Nucleus in Deep Brain Stimulation","authors":"Marc-Antoine Gobeil,&nbsp;Albert Guillemette,&nbsp;Meziane Silhadi,&nbsp;Laurence Charbonneau,&nbsp;David Bergeron,&nbsp;Adan-Ulises Dominguez-Vargas,&nbsp;Numa Dancause,&nbsp;Nicolas Jodoin,&nbsp;Elie Bou Assi,&nbsp;Florin Amzica,&nbsp;Sami Obaid,&nbsp;Marie-Pierre Fournier-Gosselin","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Non-motor symptoms can severely affect the quality of life of Parkinson's disease-afflicted patients, with the most common ones being pain, sleep impairments, and neuropsychiatric manifestations. In advanced cases, complex fluctuations of motor and non-motor symptoms can occur despite optimal medication. Research on deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus suggests that it may provide benefits for treating non-motor symptoms in addition to improving motor symptoms. With recent advancements in deep brain stimulation technology, simultaneous recording of local field potentials and delivery of therapeutic stimulation is possible. This opens new possibilities for better understanding the pathophysiology of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease and for identifying potential electrophysiological biomarkers that accurately represent these symptoms. Specifically, this review aims to highlight potential local field potential biomarkers of non-motor symptoms in the subthalamic nucleus. The main findings indicate that activities in the beta frequency band are associated with nociception and sleep impairments such as insomnia and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorders. Additionally, activities in the theta and alpha frequency bands seem to reflect neurocognitive manifestations, including depression and impulse control disorders. A better understanding of these biomarkers could improve the clinical management of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. They hold promise for adjusting deep brain stimulation parameters in open-loop settings and might eventually be applied in closed-loop deep brain stimulation systems, though their true impact remains uncertain.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"μ-Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Induces Phasic Entrainment and Plastic Facilitation of Corticospinal Excitability","authors":"Asher Geffen,&nbsp;Nicholas Bland,&nbsp;Martin V. Sale","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has been proposed to modulate neural activity through two primary mechanisms: entrainment and neuroplasticity. The current study aimed to probe both of these mechanisms in the context of the sensorimotor μ-rhythm using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) to assess entrainment of corticospinal excitability (CSE) during stimulation (i.e., online) and immediately following stimulation, as well as neuroplastic aftereffects on CSE and μ EEG power. Thirteen participants received three sessions of stimulation. Each session consisted of 90 trials of μ-tACS tailored to each participant's individual μ frequency (IMF), with each trial consisting of 16 s of tACS followed by 8 s of rest (for a total of 24 min of tACS and 12 min of rest per session). Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were acquired at the start and end of the session (<i>n</i> = 41), and additional MEPs were acquired across the different phases of tACS at three epochs within each tACS trial (<i>n</i> = 90 for each epoch): early online, late online and offline echo. Resting EEG activity was recorded at the start, end and throughout the tACS session. The data were then pooled across the three sessions for each participant to maximise the MEP sample size per participant. We present preliminary evidence of CSE entrainment persisting immediately beyond tACS and have also replicated the plastic CSE facilitation observed in previous μ-tACS studies, thus supporting both entrainment and neuroplasticity as mechanisms by which tACS can modulate neural activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to ‘Laser-Induced Olfactory Bulbectomy in Adult Zebrafish as a Novel Putative Model for Affective Syndrome: A Research Tribute to Brian Leonard’","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Nekhoroshev, E.</span>, <span>Kleshchev, M.</span>, <span>Volgin, A.</span>, <span>Shevlyakov, A.</span>, <span>Bao, X.</span>, <span>Wang, S.</span>, <span>Abreu, M.</span>, <span>Amstislavskaya, T.</span> and <span>Kalueff, A.</span> (<span>2025</span>), <span>Laser-Induced Olfactory Bulbectomy in Adult Zebrafish as a Novel Putative Model for Affective Syndrome: A Research Tribute to Brian Leonard</span>. <i>European Journal of Neuroscience</i>, <span>61</span>: e16660.\u0000 </p><p>In the paper by Nekhoroshev et al. (2025), the author's name Anton Shevlyakov was misspelled.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrete Repetition Effects for Visual Words Compared to Faces and Animals, but No Modulation by Expectation: An Event-Related Potential Study","authors":"Bingbing Song,&nbsp;Werner Sommer,&nbsp;Urs Maurer","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Repetition suppression (RS) refers to the reduction of neuronal responses to repeated stimuli as compared to nonrepeated stimuli. The predictive coding account of RS proposes that its magnitude is modulated by repetition probability (P(rep)) and that this modulation increases with prior experience with the stimulus category. To test these proposals, we examined RS and its modulation by P(rep) for three stimulus categories for which participants had different expertise (Asian faces, written Chinese words and animals) using EEG. Cantonese speakers watched paired stimuli (S1–S2) of a given category with S2 being the same or a different stimulus as S1. Attributes of S1 (e.g., the sex of the first face) served as a cue for the repetition probability of S2. There were significant repetition effects and distinct topographic distributions across stimulus categories. Repetition effects in the N250 component were present in all stimulus categories, but in words, they appeared earlier and showed distinct topographic patterns compared to faces and animals. These results suggest that repetition effects differ between stimulus categories, presumably depending on prior experience and stimulus properties, such as spatial frequency. Importantly, we failed to find evidence for effects of P(rep) across any of the three categories. These null findings of P(rep) effects are putatively indicating an absence of expectancy modulation of repetition effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Roles of Neuroinflammation in l-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia: Dissecting the Roles of NF-κB and TNF-α for Novel Pharmacological Therapeutic Approaches","authors":"Mohammad Yasin Zamanian,&nbsp;Maryam Golmohammadi,&nbsp;Zhanna R. Gardanova,&nbsp;Mohammad Rahimi,&nbsp;Lusine G. Khachatryan,&nbsp;Mojtaba Khazaei","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a common and debilitating complication of long-term Parkinson's disease treatment. This review explores the roles of NF-κB and TNF-α signalling pathways in LID pathophysiology and potential therapeutic approaches targeting these mechanisms. Chronic levodopa treatment leads to aberrant neuroplasticity and neuroinflammation, involving activation of NF-κB and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α. NF-κB activation in glial cells contributes to sustained neuroinflammation and exacerbates dopaminergic neuron loss. TNF-α levels are elevated in brain regions affected by LID and correlate with dyskinesia severity. Several compounds are involved in mitigating LID by modulating these pathways. Agmatine reduces NF-κB activation and NMDA receptor expression while protecting dopaminergic neurons. Resveratrol and doxycycline demonstrate antidyskinetic effects by attenuating neuroinflammation and TNF-α production. The Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitor fasudil and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) receptor agonists also show efficacy in reducing LID severity and neuroinflammation. Hydrogen gas inhalation decreases pro-inflammatory cytokine levels associated with LID. These findings highlight the complex interplay between NF-κB, TNF-α and other neurotransmitter systems in LID pathogenesis. Targeting neuroinflammation and glial activation through these pathways represents a promising strategy for developing novel LID treatments. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms and optimize therapeutic approaches targeting NF-κB and TNF-α signalling in LID.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valence Effects on Episodic Memory in Young and Old Adults Following Exposure to Emotional Stimuli","authors":"Marianna Constantinou,&nbsp;Ala Yankouskaya,&nbsp;Hana Burianová","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Episodic memory benefits from arousal, with better retrieval linked to arousing to-be-remembered information. Arousal's impact on subsequent memory processes, particularly for nonarousing stimuli, remains unclear. Healthy ageing is associated with emotion regulation changes and declines in episodic memory, which may influence how arousal affects memory processes. This functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) study examined the effects of valence on episodic memory in young and old adults, focusing on memory of neutral information following arousal exposure. Neural activity was assessed at three time points: during exposure to arousing and nonarousing images, encoding of neutral videos following image exposure, retrieval of the encoded videos. We hypothesised that valence would induce distinct neural activation across task stages, and exposure to negative stimuli would be associated with worse retrieval. Old adults were expected to show stronger neural responses to positive valence and less disruption from negative valence on memory performance. Behavioural results revealed that only negative valence was associated with impaired retrieval. fMRI results replicated age-related differences in memory performance, with old adults compensating through increased hippocampal and frontal gyri activity. Negative valence was associated with increased activity in the occipital cortex and precentral gyri, also affecting upcoming encoding with heightened activity in the left insula, precuneus and middle temporal gyrus. In old adults, positive valence prompted increasing neural engagement from initial exposure to retrieval, reflecting changes in emotion regulation strategies. Findings emphasise the enduring impact of negative valence on subsequent cognitive processes and suggest that age-related changes in emotional regulation influence memory-related neural processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hippocampal CaMKII Regulates the Consolidation of Recognition Memory","authors":"Janine I. Rossato,&nbsp;Maria Carolina Gonzalez,&nbsp;Gênedy Apolinário,&nbsp;Andressa Radiske,&nbsp;Elis Brisa,&nbsp;Livia Maria Carneiro,&nbsp;Martín Cammarota","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Object recognition memory (ORM) is a hippocampus-dependent form of memory essential for distinguishing items and constructing episodic representations of the past. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase highly enriched in the hippocampal formation, where it acts as a memory-relevant calcium effector. We found that, in rats, training in an ORM inducing learning task rapidly increased CaMKII autophosphorylation in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus. Moreover, early post-acquisition intra-dorsal CA1 injection of the substrate-competitive CaMKII inhibitor AIP impaired long-term ORM without affecting short-term ORM or previously consolidated ORMs. The amnesia induced by AIP was replicated by the calmodulin-competitive CaMKII inhibitor KN93, but not by the inactive analogues of either KN93 or AIP. Notably, these effects occurred regardless of the subject's sex and age or the time of day when learning took place. Together, our findings indicate that hippocampal CaMKII activity is necessary shortly after training for the normal consolidation of ORM.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}