European Journal of Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"BSD: A Bayesian Framework for Parametric Models of Neural Spectra","authors":"Johan Medrano,&nbsp;Nicholas A. Alexander,&nbsp;Robert A. Seymour,&nbsp;Peter Zeidman","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70149","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The analysis of neural power spectra plays a crucial role in understanding brain function and dysfunction. While recent efforts have led to the development of methods for decomposing spectral data, challenges remain in performing statistical analysis and group-level comparisons. Here, we introduce Bayesian spectral decomposition (BSD), a Bayesian framework for analysing neural spectral power. BSD allows for the specification, inversion, comparison and analysis of parametric models of neural spectra, addressing limitations of existing methods. We first establish the face validity of BSD on simulated data and show how it outperforms an established method [fit oscillations and one-over-<i>f</i> (FOOOF)] for peak detection on artificial spectral data. We then demonstrate the efficacy of BSD on a group-level study of electroencephalography (EEG) spectra in 204 healthy subjects from the LEMON dataset. Our results not only highlight the effectiveness of BSD in model selection and parameter estimation but also illustrate how BSD enables straightforward group-level regression of the effect of continuous covariates such as age. By using Bayesian inference techniques, BSD provides a robust framework for studying neural spectral data and their relationship to brain function and dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Left Ventral Caudate Functional Connectivity Mediates the Relationship Between Habitual Responding and Alcohol Use","authors":"Lindsey R. Fisher-Fox,&nbsp;Mario Dzemidzic,&nbsp;McKenzie R. Cox,&nbsp;David Haines,&nbsp;James Hays,&nbsp;Mayande K. Mlungwana,&nbsp;Zachary Whitt,&nbsp;Andrea Avena-Koenigsberger,&nbsp;Ann E. K. Kosobud,&nbsp;David A. Kareken,&nbsp;Sean O'Connor,&nbsp;Martin H. Plawecki,&nbsp;Melissa A. Cyders","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70150","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Preclinical studies posit that habitual behaviour is an important mechanism in the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD), but human findings are unclear. The goals of this study were to test a behavioural measure of habit formation, the Slips of Action Task (SOAT), in humans and identify brain-based mechanisms explaining the relationship between habit and alcohol use. Thirty-six participants (63.9% female, mean age = 30.58, SD = 9.73, 69.4% White, 83.3% Not Hispanic/Latino) who endorsed heavy drinking completed self-report measures, the SOAT (lower scores = higher habit formation), a 2.5-h intravenous alcohol self-administration session, and a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Three seed regions—bilateral ventral caudate, nucleus accumbens and dorsal caudate—were assessed for significant whole brain functional connectivity (FC) associations with SOAT (cluster-level <i>p</i>_<i>FWE</i> &lt; 0.05 at a cluster-forming threshold <i>p</i> = 0.001). Two clusters survived Bonferroni correction (cluster <i>p</i>_<i>FWE</i> = 0.008): FC between the left ventral caudate and the left middle frontal gyrus correlated negatively, while FC between the left NAc and the right central operculum correlated positively, with SOAT score. SOAT score was unrelated to drinking outcomes; however, there was a significant indirect relationship between SOAT and average drinks per drinking day through FC between the left ventral caudate and the left middle frontal gyrus. A similar trend seen with cumulative work for alcohol fell short of significance. Habit formation's relationship with alcohol use may function through neuroadaptations in the ventral caudate. More work is needed to better characterize objective habit formation in the human alcohol laboratory with additional laboratory-, alcohol-specific, imaging- and ambulatory-based alcohol use metrics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraperitoneal Single Injection of Dexamethasone Leads to Region-Specific Changes in the Profile of Neuron-Specific Proteins in the Rat Brain","authors":"Tatiana Valentinovna Tiutiunnik,&nbsp;Valentina Mikhailovna Kudrinskaya,&nbsp;Daria Alexeevna Obukhova,&nbsp;Valeria Andreevna Vilnikova,&nbsp;Viktoria Olegovna Burdinskaya,&nbsp;Zamira Muruzheva,&nbsp;Marina Nikolaevna Karpenko","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to investigate the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) injection on the production of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), the protein that promotes calpain-2 activation. Increased levels of GAP-43 in the central nervous system can stimulate plastic and regenerative processes in the brain, which can be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. However, GAP-43 is a target for the specific apoptotic protease calpain-2, whose hyperactivation may have negative consequences for the CNS. We found that DEX stimulates GAP-43 mRNA and protein production in the rat hippocampus. DEX administration at a dose of 8 mg/kg (once intraperitoneally) leads to an increase in GAP-43 protein levels and calpain-2 activation in the striatum and prefrontal cortex of rats; however, calpain-2 protein production is increased in the striatum and decreased in the prefrontal cortex. Our data support the hypothesis that DEX can be used to enhance the production of GAP-43 and other proteins crucial for brain function, such as tyrosine hydroxylase and calpains. This approach could potentially be employed to stimulate regenerative processes in the brain following acute injury or as a pulse therapy for chronic neurodegenerative conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to ‘Toward an Automatic Classification of the Different Stages of Sleep: Exploring Patterns of Neural Activity in the Subthalamic Nucleus’","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70148","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Barbe, N.</span>, <span>Connolly, M.</span>, <span>Devergnas, A.</span>, <span>Torrès, N.</span>, <span>Hervault, M.</span>, <span>Bonis, M.</span>, <span>Billères, M.</span>, <span>Chabardes, S.</span> and <span>Piallat, B.</span> (<span>2025</span>), <span>Toward an Automatic Classification of the Different Stages of Sleep: Exploring Patterns of Neural Activity in the Subthalamic Nucleus</span>. <i>Eur J Neurosci</i><i>,</i> <span>61</span>: e70107. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70107.\u0000 </p><p>In the paper by Barbe et al. (2025), the author's name Mario Hervault was misspelt. This has been corrected in the original article.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informative Auditory Cues Enhance Motor Sequence Learning","authors":"Li-Ann Leow,&nbsp;An Nguyen,&nbsp;Emily Corti,&nbsp;Welber Marinovic","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Motor sequence learning, or the ability to learn and remember sequences of actions, such as the sequence of actions required to tie one's shoelaces, is ubiquitous to everyday life. Contemporary research on motor sequence learning has been largely unimodal, ignoring the possibility that our nervous system might benefit from sensory inputs from multiple modalities. In this study, we investigated the properties of motor sequence learning in response to audiovisual stimuli. We found that sequence learning with auditory–visual stimuli showed a hallmark feature of traditional unimodal sequence learning tasks: sensitivity to stimulus timing, where lengthier interstimulus intervals of 500 ms improved sequence learning compared to briefer interstimulus intervals of 200 ms. Consistent with previous findings, we also found that auditory–visual stimuli improved learning compared to a unimodal visual-only condition. Furthermore, the informativeness of the auditory stimuli was important, as auditory stimuli which predicted the location of visual cues improved sequence learning compared to uninformative auditory stimuli which did not predict the location of the visual cues. Our findings suggest a potential utility of leveraging audiovisual stimuli in sequence learning interventions to enhance skill acquisition in education and rehabilitation contexts.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Making Space for People With Disabilities: Part of the Diversity Matters Series","authors":"Catarina Oliveira Miranda,&nbsp;Rhiannon Victoria McNeill,&nbsp;Donna Rose Addis,&nbsp;Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo,&nbsp;Heather Macpherson,&nbsp;Mathilde Maughan,&nbsp;John J. Foxe,&nbsp;Dana L. Helmreich","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70133","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We at EJN are pleased to present the next installment of our Diversity Matters series. Our position is that Diversity Matters—it is only when we can dissolve the hurdles and challenges that keep us from achieving an inclusive scientific community that we will fully gain from the entire spectrum of innovative ideas and creative thought in the scientific enterprise and thus serve the entire gamut of humanity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To support this, we coalesced on the idea that EJN will run a series where we present the work of organizations across the world whose primary commitment is to enhance diversity, equity, and inclusion in the neurosciences. The first editorial focused on the ALBA network, a global initiative to foster equity and inclusion in the brain sciences for all underrepresented groups in neuroscience, including gender (Helmreich et al. &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). The second installment focused on Black in Neuro (Smith et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). This current editorial is inspired by the ALBA Disability and Accessibility Working Group.&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; The actions of the ALBA Network are conceptualized in working groups which cover different aspects of diversity or underrepresentation. This group aims to organize initiatives to raise awareness and increase the visibility of scientists with disabilities and to encourage best practices within scientific institutions to ensure equal access to opportunities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;FENS and EJN hold a fundamental core belief that all individuals, irrespective of personal identities, should be treated with dignity and respect and that an individual's choices should not be limited by structural or cultural barriers. Providing equity, reducing inequities, and removing obstacles—both tangible (brick and mortar) and intangible (biases and prejudices)—allows space and equal opportunities for everyone, opportunities that fit their individual preferences, interests, and skills.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At the heart of this series is another core belief that Diversity Matters, that increasing diversity increases the quality of science (Swartz et al. &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Willis et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Helmreich et al. &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). Having more diverse participants in the identification and development of a hypothesis, and in the interpretation of data and results, leads to more diverse perspectives, more creativity, and better questions, all of which lead to better science.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, the current (academic) Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) culture does not feel welcoming to everybody (Pester et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Lerback et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Jilani &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;) and is challenging for many (Hammoudi Halat et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). This selection pressure may narrow the field to a particular and select type of person, with specific perspectives, experiences, and viewpoints. Ideally, there should be room for everyone at the table—room for everyone's input, experience, strengths, and perspectives—which ultima","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-Chaperones: Bridging Therapeutics for Amyloid Aggregation in Alzheimer's Disease and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Faiza Siddiqui,&nbsp;Pooja Mishra,&nbsp;Sheeba Khanam,&nbsp;Sachin Ranjan,&nbsp;Pravej Alam,&nbsp;Thamer Albalawi,&nbsp;Salman Khan,&nbsp;Snober S. Mir","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nano-chaperones represent an innovative therapeutic approach targeting amyloid aggregation in Alzheimer's disease (<span>AD</span>) and Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), two diseases linked by similar pathogenic mechanisms involving protein misfolding and insulin resistance. Current treatments primarily address symptoms, yet nano-chaperones can potentially intervene at the molecular level by mimicking natural chaperone proteins to prevent or reverse amyloid aggregation. In <span>AD</span>, nano-chaperones target amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides, reducing neurotoxicity and preserving neuronal function, while in T2DM, they inhibit islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) aggregation, alleviating cytotoxic stress on pancreatic β-cells. These nanoparticles exhibit a dual capacity for cellular penetration and selectivity in interacting with misfolded proteins, showing promise in mitigating the shared amyloidogenic pathways of both diseases. Preclinical studies have demonstrated significant reductions in amyloid toxicity with potential applications in crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to enhance central nervous system (CNS) delivery. Nano-chaperones transformative role in developing multi-targeted precision therapies for complex diseases is highlighted, underscoring their capacity to modulate disease progression through targeted biomimetic interactions. Nano-chaperone designs for clinical application focus on enhancing therapeutic efficacy and safety. This innovative approach may redefine treatment paradigms for amyloid-related diseases, offering a new frontier in personalized medicine.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mind–Matter Dichotomy: A Persistent Challenge for Neuroscientific and Philosophical Theories","authors":"Wolf Singer","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Several areas of cognitive neuroscience tackle traditional philosophical questions. Among the range of problems, two closely related issues will be addressed in more detail from both neurobiological and philosophical perspectives: the relationship between mind and matter and the nature of perception. Neuropsychological and neurophysiological studies are reviewed that examine the connection between neuronal processes and consciousness. The most prominent theories on the neuronal correlates of consciousness (NCC) are then compared with philosophical attempts to address the epistemic gap between the material processes in the brain and mental phenomena. Before exploring whether neurobiological discoveries can help resolve philosophical problems, the epistemic challenges are discussed, stemming from the fact that perceptions are shaped by the brain's functional architecture. It is suggested that the ‘hard problem of consciousness’—the challenge of explaining how the qualia of subjective experience can arise from neuronal processes—can be alleviated if two conditions are met: first, that perception depends on priors and, second, that some of these priors are formed through interactions with the immaterial realities of cultural concepts. Although this approach offers a coherent naturalistic explanation for the emergence of mental phenomena, it does not resolve the cognitive dissonance between our intuitions and scientific evidence regarding the relationship between matter and mind.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Related Differences in Neural Correlates of Auditory Spatial Change Detection in Real and Virtual Environments","authors":"Benjamin Stodt,&nbsp;Daniel Neudek,&nbsp;Rainer Martin,&nbsp;Edmund Wascher,&nbsp;Stephan Getzmann","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70141","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although virtual environments are increasingly used in research, their ecological validity in simulating real-life scenarios, for example, to investigate cognitive changes in aging populations, remains relatively unexplored. This study aims to evaluate the validity of a virtual environment for investigating auditory spatial change detection in younger and older adults. This evaluation was performed by comparing behavioral and neurophysiological responses between real and virtual environments. Participants completed an auditory change detection task, identifying sound source position changes relative to a reference position. In the real environment, sounds were presented through physical loudspeakers in a reverberant room. In the virtual environment, stimuli were delivered through headphones, accompanied by a head-mounted display showing a visual replica of the room. Participants showed higher accuracy for azimuth than for distance changes, regardless of age or environment, emphasizing humans' larger sensitivity to lateralized sounds. Event-related potentials were mostly consistent across environments, with significantly higher N1 and P2 amplitudes in older compared with younger adults. Mismatch negativity was reduced in older adults, and both reduced and delayed in the virtual environment. The P3b showed larger amplitudes and shorter latencies for azimuth changes, reflecting greater salience of directional cues, whereas responses in the virtual environment were slightly diminished, especially among older adults. Bayesian analyses validated the observed effects. Results support virtual environments as reliable tools for exploring spatial perception and underlying neural and behavioral processes in realistic contexts. Furthermore, differences in the processing of spatial changes in azimuth and distance, as well as age-related effects, could be highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gestational Valproate Exposure Induces Tissue-Specific Transcriptomic Changes in the Neonatal Brain and Choroid Plexus in a Rat Model of Epilepsy, GAERS","authors":"Fiona Qiu,&nbsp;Yifan Huang,&nbsp;Katarzyna M. Dziegielewska,&nbsp;Mark D. Habgood,&nbsp;Norman R. Saunders","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Valproate is an antiseizure drug required by many epileptic patients to manage their symptoms. During pregnancy, its use has been shown to increase the risk of neurobehavioral deficits in the offspring. The present study used a rat model of absence epilepsy, Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rat from Strasbourg (GAERS), to investigate the effects of gestational valproate exposure on early postnatal brain cortex and lateral choroid plexus transcriptomes. Females were provided with either a control diet or a valproate-laced diet (20 g/kg) from 2 weeks prior to mating and throughout gestation. At parturition, all dams received a control diet. Pups at Postnatal Day 5 were used for RNA sequencing. Differential expression analyses were conducted between transcriptomes from valproate-exposed and control animals. In the choroid plexus, 5694 genes significantly altered their expression compared to 214 in the cortex, a difference of nearly 25 times. Dysregulation was identified in choroidal expression of ion channels and metal transporters including six members of the <i>Slc4a</i> family, <i>Cacna1h</i> and <i>Kcne2</i>. Several drug transporting ATP-binding cassette transporters and solute carriers were significantly upregulated and drug-metabolising enzymes downregulated. In the cortex, 11 genes associated with the development of the central nervous system were differentially expressed. Finally, in both tissues, foetal valproate exposure appeared to result in dysregulation of genes related to adaptive and innate immune responses. These results indicated that gestational exposure to valproate resulted in distinct and greater effects on the choroid plexus transcriptome compared to the cortex, potentially suggesting additional targets related to developmental valproate neurotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}