European Journal of Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Cerebral Blood Flow Responses to Trigeminal Olfactory Stimulation and Their Nicotinic Cholinergic Regulation in Anesthetized Rats","authors":"Daichi Morihara,&nbsp;Jura Moriya,&nbsp;Fusako Kagitani,&nbsp;Sae Uchida","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70135","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Information about the sense of smell is conveyed by the olfactory nerve, or by the trigeminal nerve when irritating odors. We recently reported that olfactory nerve stimulation increases regional cerebral blood flow (BF) in the olfactory bulb, and the activation of nicotinic receptors in the brain potentiates olfactory bulb BF responses in anesthetized rats. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of intranasal trigeminal nerve stimulation on regional cerebral BF compared to the olfactory nerves, as well as the impact of nicotinic receptor activation on these BF responses. Regional BF in the olfactory bulb and frontal cortex was measured by laser Doppler flowmeter or laser speckle contrast imager in anesthetized and artificially ventilated rats. Electrical stimulation of the intranasal trigeminal nerve (0.5 ms, 5 mA, 20 Hz, and 5 s) produced a small increase in olfactory bulb BF and robust increases in both frontal cortical BF and arterial pressure. Transecting the upper thoracic spinal cord eliminated the pressor response, and although intranasal electrical stimulation did not elevate the olfactory bulb BF, it increased BF in the frontal cortex. Intravenous injection of nicotine (30 μg/kg), a nicotinic receptor agonist, did not influence the olfactory bulb BF but augmented increased BF in the frontal cortex following the intranasal trigeminal nerve stimulation. In conclusion, this study showed that the intranasal trigeminal nerve stimulation increased BF in the frontal cortex, but not in the olfactory bulb, independent of blood pressure changes. Furthermore, activation of nicotinic cholinergic transmission potentiated the frontal cortical BF responses to intranasal trigeminal stimulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes of the Primary Cilia in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis","authors":"Angyang Guo,&nbsp;Han Wang,&nbsp;Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Hongbin Huang","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder intricately linked with aging, poses an escalating global health challenge. Currently, no effective treatment exists for AD. Although the pathological characteristics of AD predominantly emerge in older age, numerous structural and functional alterations in the nervous system may commence early in life or even during developmental stages. Primary cilia, organelles associated with age-related diseases, have not been extensively studied in the context of AD progression. This study initiated an examination of the common pathological features of AD and identified that amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque deposition resulted in the shortening of primary cilia. In the hippocampus of familial AD mice, there was a significant upregulation of somatostatin receptor 3 (SSTR3) expression. To further elucidate the role of SSTR3 in AD pathology, we knocked out SSTR3 expression in 5 × FAD mice, which resulted in an exacerbation of AD-related pathological features. Our study offers novel insights into the pathological alterations associated with AD.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation Enhances Habitual Behavior in a Neuro-Computational Basal Ganglia Model During a Reward Reversal Learning Task","authors":"Oliver Maith,&nbsp;Dave Apenburg,&nbsp;Fred Hamker","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70130","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) within the basal ganglia is a widely used therapeutic intervention for neurological disorders; however, its precise mechanisms of action remain unclear. This study investigates how DBS may affect decision-making processes through computational modeling of the basal ganglia. A rate-coded model incorporating direct, indirect, and hyperdirect pathways was utilized alongside a cortico-thalamic shortcut known for promoting habitual behavior. Simulations of a two-choice reward reversal learning task were conducted to replicate data from patients with dystonia in ON and OFF DBS conditions. We demonstrate that plasticity in the cortico-thalamic shortcut, which bypasses the basal ganglia, is crucial for reproducing the patients' behavioral data, emphasizing the role of habit formation. Simulated DBS increased habitual behavior following reward reversal. Integrating different DBS mechanisms revealed that suppression of stimulated neurons, stimulation of efferent axons, and a combined variant promoted habitual behavior. Analyses of thalamic inputs showed that, despite differing effects on the model's activity and plasticity, these DBS variants consistently reduced the influence of the basal ganglia while enhancing the role of the cortico-thalamic shortcut. Notably, the DBS variants were distinguishable by their divergent behavioral effects following discontinued stimulation. These findings underscore the potential multifaceted effects of DBS on decision-making processes. In particular, our model proposes that DBS modulates the balance between reward-guided and habitual behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of Neural Oscillations Supports Auditory-Motor Synchronization","authors":"Rebecca Scheurich,&nbsp;Valentin Bégel,&nbsp;Ella Sahlas,&nbsp;Caroline Palmer","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70127","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Previous findings suggest that auditory-motor synchronization is supported by increased coactivation of auditory and motor brain networks. Here, we compare synchronization accuracy and consistency with the temporal dynamics of neural signals during auditory-motor synchronization. Recurrence quantification analysis, a nonlinear technique for characterizing the temporal dynamics of complex systems, was applied to participants' neurophysiological activity recorded via electroencephalography (EEG) during an auditory-motor synchronization task. Changes in participants' neural predictability and stability were compared with their behavioral synchronization accuracy and consistency. EEG was recorded while participants produced a familiar melody at a comfortable rate as a measure of optimal temporal stability. Then, participants synchronized their taps with an auditory metronome presented at each participant's optimal rate and at rates 15% and 30% slower. EEG-based outcomes of determinism (predictability) and meanline (stability) were compared with behavioral synchronization measures. Participants showed decreased synchronization accuracy and higher EEG-based determinism at slower rates, consistent with lower flexibility. Furthermore, neural stability measures correlated with synchronization consistency across stimulus rates; as neural stability increased, so did behavioral synchronization consistency. Recurrence-based measures of neural stability may indicate a general mechanism supporting the maintenance of auditory-motor synchronization.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Peripheral Nerve Aging and Degeneration: Cellular Changes and Mechanism Exploration From the Perspective of Single-Cell Sequencing","authors":"Yuyang Zhuo,&nbsp;Yingcai Xu,&nbsp;Xinzhe Qu,&nbsp;Qupeng Li,&nbsp;Maji Sun,&nbsp;Xiao Gao,&nbsp;Feng Yuan,&nbsp;Menghan Cao,&nbsp;Bin Pan","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70129","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As age increases, there are structural and functional alterations in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), significantly affecting movement, sensation and autonomic function. Understanding the characteristics and mechanisms of PNS aging is crucial for preventing and treating related diseases. This study employed single-cell sequencing technology to analyse the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and sciatic nerve (SN) of aging rats, in comparison with adult rats. The research investigated the mechanisms underlying PNS aging and degeneration, revealing the transcriptional profiles of various cell types. Significant differences were observed in the proportion of Schwann cells between the DRG and SN of adult and aged rats. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that pathways related to neurodegeneration were upregulated in Schwann cells. Additionally, lipid metabolism pathways were upregulated in the SN of aged rats, suggesting that certain lipid signalling molecules may influence cell proliferation. Through further re-clustering of myelinating Schwann cells, six distinct subtypes were identified. The anti-aging protein protocadherin 9 (PCDH9) was preliminarily screened and found to be significantly downregulated with age. In vitro experiments confirmed that PCDH9 expression is associated with Schwann cell proliferation and differentiation. By using gene expression analysis and cell type across several age groups, this study offers important insights into the mechanisms of PNS aging and degeneration.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Walking on the Edge: Brain Connectivity Changes in Response to Virtual Height Challenges","authors":"Layla Cupertino,&nbsp;Emanuele Los Angeles,&nbsp;Nathalia Mendes Pellegrino,&nbsp;Thayna Magalhães-Novaes,&nbsp;Brenda Luciano de Souza,&nbsp;Mohamed Bouri,&nbsp;Daniel Boari Coelho","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Virtual reality (VR) environments simulating height offer a unique platform to investigate neural adaptations to emotionally salient contexts during locomotion. These simulations allow for controlled analysis of motor-cognitive interactions under perceived threat. This secondary analysis of a previously dataset aimed to explore regional and global brain network adaptations, focusing on connectivity, modularity, and centrality, during gait under neutral and height-induced negative conditions. Seventy-five healthy participants performed a VR task involving a virtual plank at two heights: street level (neutral) and 80 floors up (negative). EEG was recorded using 32 scalp electrodes. Functional connectivity was analyzed using local efficiency, modularity, and eigenvector centrality across frontal, central, parietal, temporal, and occipital regions during two tasks: preparation (elevator) and active walking (plank). Repeated-measures ANOVAs examined the effects of task and condition. Frontal connectivity was significantly higher in the negative condition across tasks, suggesting increased cognitive-emotional regulation. Central connectivity showed a task × condition interaction, with elevated values during walking under threat, indicating increased sensorimotor integration. Occipital connectivity was higher during preparation, independent of condition, likely reflecting greater visual scene processing. Modularity was reduced in the negative condition, consistent with decreased functional segregation, while eigenvector centrality was greater in frontal and parietal regions during walking, highlighting their role as integrative network hubs. Height-related threat in VR modulates both regional and global brain network properties, enhancing integration in cognitive, motor, and visual systems. These findings advance our understanding of adaptive brain responses and support the use of VR in rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Neuromodulation Effects of Theta Burst Stimulation to the Prefrontal Cortex Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Electroencephalography (TMS-EEG)","authors":"Stevan Nikolin,&nbsp;Adriano H. Moffa,&nbsp;Donel Martin,&nbsp;Colleen Loo,&nbsp;Tjeerd W. Boonstra","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Theta burst stimulation (TBS), a form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), is capable of non-invasively modulating cortical excitability. TBS is gaining popularity as a therapeutic tool for psychiatric disorders such as depression, in which the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is the main therapeutic target. However, the neuromodulatory effects of TBS on prefrontal regions remain unclear. Concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) can assess neuromodulation in non-motor regions using TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) and event-related synchronisation/desynchronisation (ERS/D). We assessed 24 healthy participants (13 males, mean age 25.2 ± 9.9 years) in a single-blinded crossover study design, following intermittent TBS, continuous TBS and sham applied to the left DLPFC. TEPs and ERS/D were obtained at baseline and 2-, 15- and 30-min post-stimulation. Four TEP components (N40, P60, N100 and P200) and two frequency bands (theta and gamma) were analysed using mixed effects repeated measures models (MRMM). Results indicated no significant effects for any assessed components or frequency bands. Relative to sham, the largest TEP effect size was obtained for the N100 component at 15 min post-iTBS (<i>d</i> = −0.50), and the largest frequency effect was obtained for gamma ERS at 15 min post-cTBS (<i>d</i> = 0.53). These results were in the same direction but smaller than found in previous studies, suggesting that effect sizes of the neuromodulatory effects of TBS may be lower than previously reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synaptic Function and Sensory Processing in ZDHHC9-Associated Neurodevelopmental Disorder: A Mechanistic Account","authors":"Rebeca Ianov Vitanov,&nbsp;Jascha Achterberg,&nbsp;Danyal Akarca,&nbsp;Duncan E. Astle,&nbsp;Kate Baker","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Loss-of-function <i>ZDHHC9</i> variants are associated with X-linked intellectual disability (XLID), rolandic epilepsy (RE) and developmental language difficulties. This study integrates human neurophysiological data with a computational model to identify a potential neural mechanism explaining <i>ZDHHC9</i>-associated differences in cortical function and cognition. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) data was collected during an auditory roving oddball paradigm from eight individuals with a <i>ZDHHC9</i> loss-of-function variant (ZDHHC9 group) and seven age-matched individuals without neurological or neurodevelopmental difficulties (control group). Auditory-evoked fields (AEFs) were larger in amplitude and showed a later peak latency in the ZDHHC9 group but demonstrated normal stimulus-specific properties. Magnetic mismatch negativity (mMMN) amplitude was also increased in the ZDHHC9 group, reflected by stronger neural activation during deviant processing relative to the standard. A recurrent neural network (RNN) model was trained to mimic group-level auditory-evoked responses, and subsequently perturbed to test the hypothesised impact of <i>ZDHHC9</i>-driven synaptic dysfunction on neural dynamics. Results of model perturbations showed that reducing inhibition levels by weakening inhibitory weights recapitulates the observed group differences in evoked responses. Stronger reductions in inhibition levels resulted in increased peak amplitude and peak latency of RNN prediction relative to the pre-perturbation predictions. Control experiments in which excitatory connections were strengthened by the same levels did not result in consistently stable activity or AEF-like RNN predictions. Together, these results suggest that reduced inhibition is a plausible mechanism by which loss of ZDHHC9 function alters cortical dynamics during sensory processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of Brain Activity During a Supine Bilateral Leg Press and Association With Concurrent 3D Knee Joint Biomechanics","authors":"HoWon Kim,&nbsp;Taylor M. Zuleger,&nbsp;Alexis B. Slutsky-Ganesh,&nbsp;Manish Anand,&nbsp;Shayla M. Warren,&nbsp;Jed A. Diekfuss,&nbsp;Bryan R. Schlink,&nbsp;Justin L. Rush,&nbsp;Janet E. Simon,&nbsp;Gregory D. Myer,&nbsp;Dustin R. Grooms","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Previous neuroimaging studies have established a foundation of knowledge regarding the supraspinal control of lower extremity movements. However, the relationship between subtle differences in lower extremity kinematics and concurrent brain activity during motor tasks is mainly unknown. Additionally, there is limited information regarding the consistency of brain activation measures during a lower extremity motor task. The current study evaluated the within-session reliability of knee joint kinematics and brain activation during a supine bilateral leg press task using functional magnetic resonance imaging in 67 adolescent female athletes. Knee joint kinematics, including the number of leg press repetitions (cycles), as well as sagittal and frontal ranges of motion and their standard deviations, were analysed with concurrent blood-oxygen-level-dependent signals to explore the relationship between these biomechanical variables and brain activation. The results showed good reliability for knee joint kinematics and moderate reliability for brain activation in sensorimotor regions (precentral and postcentral gyri, supplementary motor cortex, brainstem, and anterior cerebellum lobules). Greater knee sagittal range of motion correlated with increased activation in motor planning and sensory integration regions, such as the dorsal striatum and lateral occipital cortex. These findings establish the supine bilateral leg press task as a reliable paradigm for investigating lower extremity motor control, providing insights into the neural mechanisms underlying movement variability. Additionally, brain regions exhibiting reliable activation could serve as valuable regions of interest for future investigations, enhancing the statistical power and reproducibility of research findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher Order Visual Location Learning Does Not Explain Multisensory Enhancement of Sound Localization (Reply to Vroomen and Stekelenburg 2021)","authors":"Patrick Bruns,&nbsp;Hubert R. Dinse,&nbsp;Brigitte Röder","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In a recent study, we reported that multisensory enhancement (ME) of auditory localization after exposure to spatially congruent audiovisual stimuli and crossmodal recalibration in the ventriloquism aftereffect (VAE) are differently affected by the temporal stimulation frequency with which the audiovisual exposure stimuli are presented. Because audiovisual stimulation at 10 Hz rather than at 2 Hz selectively abolished the VAE but did not affect the ME, we concluded that distinct underlying neural mechanisms are involved in the two effects. A commentary on our paper challenged this interpretation and argued that the ME might have been spared simply because participants had acquired higher order knowledge about the loudspeaker locations from the visual stimulus locations in the ME condition, or because the ME was generally more reliable than the VAE. To test this alternative explanation of our results, we conducted an additional control experiment in which participants localized sounds before and after exposure to unimodal visual stimulation at the loudspeaker locations. No significant reduction of auditory localization errors was found after unimodal visual exposure, suggesting that higher order visual location learning cannot sufficiently explain the significant ME that was observed after audiovisual exposure in our previous study. These new results confirm previous findings pointing toward dissociable neural mechanisms underlying ME and VAE.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}