European Journal of Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Interoception, Immunoception, and the Role of Insular Cortex in Cardiovascular Disease.","authors":"Michiaki Nagai, Satoshi Umeda, Hallum Ewbank, Faddi G Saleh Velez, Sunny Po, Tarun Dasari","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Whereas the brain-heart axis is an emerging field in neuropsychocardiology, a central autonomic network including the insular cortex (Ic) regulates the cardiovascular system via the intrinsic cardiac nervous system. Cardiac interoception, represented in Ic, has been studied in cardiovascular diseases and inflammation. Therefore, it is important to investigate how interoception is related to cardiovascular disease in terms of its prevention and treatment. To examine the role of the Ic in cardiovascular and immune regulation, we focus on converging evidence from human stroke cohorts, lesion-symptom mapping studies, and experimental models that implicate the Ic as a causal hub within the brain-heart-immune axis. In particular, Ic plays a pivotal role in processing interoception as well as immunoception, and based on this information, Ic regulates cardiovascular and immune systems via efferent autonomic networks. Furthermore, vagally mediated neuromodulation is likely to influence interoception and immunoception and plays a pivotal role in improving cardiovascular dysregulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"63 9","pages":"e70534"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate Pattern Analysis Identifies Potential Intertrial Resting-State EEG Biomarkers in Fibromyalgia.","authors":"Dino Soldic, María Carmen Martín-Buro, David López-García, Ana Belén Del Pino, Roberto Fernandes-Magalhaes, David Ferrera, Irene Peláez, Luis Carretié, Francisco Mercado","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fibromyalgia involves widespread musculoskeletal pain and hypersensitivity, often accompanied by neurological, cognitive, and affective disturbances. Resting-state electroencephalography studies have revealed abnormal brain activity in chronic pain conditions, with anxiety and symptom duration potentially exacerbating these alterations. This study applied multivariate pattern analysis to differentiate intertrial resting-state electroencephalography signals between fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls across frequency bands associated with pain processing, incorporating state and trait anxiety scores. It also examined differences between patients with short- and long-duration symptoms and identified the most relevant scalp regions contributing to the models. Fifty-one female participants (25 fibromyalgia patients, 26 controls; aged 35-65) were included. Patients were classified into short-term (12) and long-term (13) groups. Normalized power spectral density values were extracted from electroencephalography data and used to train machine learning classifiers, with Haufe-transformed weights computed to determine key scalp contributions. The models distinguished patients from controls with area under the curve values exceeding 0.75 across all frequency bands, reaching 0.99 in beta and gamma bands when anxiety was included. Symptom duration was also a relevant factor, as the model differentiated short- from long-term fibromyalgia patients with area under the curve values up to 0.96 in beta and gamma bands. Alterations in theta power within frontal and parietal regions, along with frequency-specific contributions, highlight disrupted pain processing in fibromyalgia and suggest cumulative effects of prolonged symptom duration. Future resting-state studies leveraging multivariate pattern analysis may support the development of potential biomarkers to improve diagnosis and guide treatment strategies in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"63 9","pages":"e70521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13121099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of the Anticonvulsant Topiramate on Acetylcholine-Induced Calcium Signals is Linked to Sirt-1 Activity.","authors":"Marie-Luise Kümmel","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70514","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejn.70514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although some forms of epilepsy directly result from mutations in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, none of the currently available antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is specifically designed to target the cholinergic system. However, there is growing evidence that some established AEDs, which were primarily designed to modulate excitatory glutamatergic and/or inhibitory GABAergic currents, may also influence cholinergic signalling. This study therefore investigated whether topiramate (TPM), a second-generation AED, directly affects calcium signals and whether the deacetylase sirtuin-1 (Sirt-1) contributes to this effect. Calcium imaging in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y was used to quantify acetylcholine- and nicotine-induced calcium signals following TPM treatment. To evaluate the role of protein deacetylases, TPM effects were further analysed in the presence of the deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA) and inauhzin. TPM treatment significantly enhanced acetylcholine- and nicotine-induced calcium signals. This effect of TPM was completely abolished in the presence of TSA. However, the presence of inauhzin resulted in an inhibitory effect of TPM on acetylcholine-induced calcium signals. These findings reveal a previously uninvestigated modulatory effect of TPM on cholinergic calcium signalling that is directly dependent on the activity of deacetylases, like Sirt-1. The results may contribute to a better understanding of TPM's anticonvulsive mechanisms of action.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"63 9","pages":"e70514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13126618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"People With Parkinson's Disease Who Freeze Exhibit Altered Quality of Daily-Life Walking Compared to Those Without Freezing.","authors":"Daniel S Peterson, Vrutangkumar V Shah, Patricia Carlson-Kuhta, Carla Silva-Batista, A Anjanibhargavi Ragothaman, Edward Ofori, Fay B Horak, Martina Mancini","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People with Parkinson's disease and freezing of gait (PD+FOG) exhibit altered gait and turning compared to nonfreezing peers with PD (PD-FOG). However, less work has examined the effects of FOG status on daily-life mobility. Therefore, we compared daily-life gait and turning across PD+FOG and PD-FOG and related gait deficits to self-reported FOG severity and health-related quality of life (QOL). We collected daily-life mobility data over 7 days from 119 people with PD (PD+FOG = 47). Inertial sensors on the feet and lower back assessed 33 gait and balance outcomes. One-way ANCOVAs assessed the effect of FOG status on mobility. Five variables reflecting gait and turning quality were significantly worse in PD+FOG compared to PD-FOG after Holm correction: smaller turn angles, smaller foot pitch at initial contact, and increased variability of double-support time, stride length, and pitch at toe-off. Of these outcomes, two (turn angle & stride length variability) were significantly correlated with freezing severity, and 4 (turn angle, stride length variability, pitch at initial contact and pitch at toe-off variability) related to QOL. Turns per hour also related to QOL. In sum, PD+FOG exhibited worse daily-life gait quality (small turn angle and foot angle at heel strike and increased gait variability) and these outcomes were related to QOL and FOG severity. Daily-life gait quantity (number of turns, strides, and gait bouts per hour) was less affected by FOG. These results provide insight into daily-life mobility of PD+FOG, and support interventions aimed at quality of gait and turning for PD+FOG.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"63 9","pages":"e70526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147812784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: \"The Disappointment Dilemma: Short- and Long-Term Learning From Negative Outcomes\".","authors":"Ines Ibañez-Tallon, Susanna Molas, Christophe D Proulx, Joaquin Piriz, Edgar Soria-Gómez","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70522","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejn.70522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this review, we synthesize key findings from the 2025 Spanish Society for Neuroscience (SENC) symposium \"Understanding Habenulae Function in Emotional Behavior\" and propose that the brain possesses a \"disappointment circuit\" that complements the classic dopaminergic reward system. The \"disappointment dilemma\" in financial investing-avoiding risk to prevent short-term disappointment, only to later experience greater long-term disappointment when safe choices underperform-illustrates how immediate and delayed negative outcomes can be traded off over time. We argue that this dilemma parallels partially specialized roles of the lateral habenula (LHb), which signals immediate disappointments as acute negative prediction errors, and the medial habenula (MHb), which shapes longer-lasting negative expectations or mood through the accumulation of disappointing experiences over time. We propose that LHb outputs implement fast, trial-by-trial adjustments in coping strategies via RMTg- and VTA-projecting pathways, whereas MHb-IPN circuits gradually reshape threat valuation, withdrawal states, and mood across repeated disappointing or stressful experiences. We discuss how LHb and MHb circuits contribute to short- and long-term disappointment by integrating information on stress resilience, aversive learning, threat and fear responses, drug-related behaviors, and mood adaptation from specific cell types and receptors that modulate fear, addiction, and motivation to circuit-level mechanisms underlying aversive learning and emotional responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"63 9","pages":"e70522"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13129642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural Tracking of Sustained Attention, Attention Switching, and Natural Conversation in Audiovisual Environments Using Wearable EEG.","authors":"Johanna Wilroth, Oskar Keding, Martin A Skoglund, Maria Sandsten, Martin Enqvist, Emina Alickovic","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Everyday communication is dynamic and multisensory, often involving shifting attention, overlapping speech, and visual cues. Yet, most neural attention tracking studies are still limited to highly controlled lab settings, using clean, often audio-only stimuli and requiring sustained attention to a single talker. This work addresses that gap by introducing a novel dataset from 24 normal-hearing participants. We used a wearable electroencephalography (EEG) system (44 scalp electrodes and 20 cEEGrid electrodes) in an audiovisual (AV) paradigm with three conditions: sustained attention to a single talker in a two-talker environment, attention switching between two talkers, and unscripted two-talker conversations with a competing single talker. Analysis included temporal response functions (TRFs) modeling, optimal lag analysis, selective attention classification with decision windows ranging from 1.1 to 35 s, and comparisons of TRFs for attention to AV conversations versus side audio-only talkers. Key findings show significant differences in the attention-related P2 peak between attended and ignored speech across conditions for scalp EEG. Interestingly, our results revealed strong cross-condition generalization, with models trained in one condition maintaining good performance when evaluated on the other two. No significant change in performance between switching and sustained attention suggests robustness for attention switches. Optimal lag analysis revealed a narrower peak for conversation compared to single-talker AV stimuli, reflecting the additional complexity of multi-talker processing. Classification of selective attention was consistently above chance (55%-70% accuracy) for scalp EEG, whereas cEEGrid data yielded lower correlations, highlighting the need for further methodological improvements. These results demonstrate that wearable EEG can reliably track selective attention in dynamic, multisensory listening scenarios and provide guidance for designing future AV paradigms and real-world attention tracking applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"63 9","pages":"e70538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147855634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dorsal Posterior Parietal Cortex Lesions Disrupt Spatial- but Not Motor-Based Inhibition.","authors":"Julie Ouerfelli-Ethier, Tristan Jurkiewicz, Isabella Comtois-Bona, Thomas Carrier, Aarlenne Z Khan, Laure Pisella","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spatial and response inhibition are two different types of inhibition processes. Spatial inhibition refers to the suppression of a specific location, whereas response inhibition involves cancelling a planned movement and is motor based. Here we examined the effects of lesions on the dorsal posterior parietal cortex on performance during two saccade tasks that separately assessed spatial (inhibition of return task) and response inhibition (stop signal task). We tested two stroke patients, one with unilateral and one with bilateral lesions to the dorsal posterior parietal cortex, as well as 21 age-matched controls. In our spatial inhibition task, control participants showed the typical inhibition of return effect, whereas patients exhibited no inhibition of return in their ataxic hemifields. In contrast, patients and their matched controls performed similarly on the stop signal task. These results reveal a simple dissociation in our patients, where motor-based inhibition is preserved following damage to the dorsal posterior parietal cortex, whereas spatial inhibition is impaired. This highlights the specific role of the dorsal posterior parietal cortex in spatial inhibition, notably related to spatial attentional mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"63 9","pages":"e70528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13147234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impacts of Pregnancy on Cognition and Cell Proliferation in a Live-Bearing Fish (Poeciliopsis gracilis).","authors":"Tiffany R Ernst, Alianne Keijzer, Sofia Vellere, Anthony Lee, Johan L van Leeuwen, Alexander Kotrschal, Aniko Korosi, Bart J A Pollux","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pregnancy is a high-energy process which temporarily decreases cognitive function and affects the neurogenic capacity of the maternal brain. Pregnant females exhibit decreased performance in spatial memory tasks which has been linked to altered neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. While these processes are well-resolved for mammals, whether they are conserved across other, nonmammalian, live-bearing animal lineages without placentation remains enigmatic. Here, we test the relationship between pregnancy and cognition in the live-bearing fish Poecilipsis gracilis. Female P. gracilis are almost continuously pregnant after sexual maturation meaning that any cognitive deficits due to pregnancy may be constant throughout adulthood. To determine the consequences of this continuous pregnancy on maternal cognition, we compared the performance of pregnant and virgin females in two ecologically relevant cognitive assays, a spatial memory task and a reversal learning task. To further assess pregnancy-induced changes in brain plasticity, the brains of each female were then assessed using immunohistochemical staining for the neurogenic proliferation marker ki67. We found that pregnant females showed a decline in spatial learning performance, exhibiting more non-choice trials. Although pregnant females did not exhibit decreased cell proliferation in the hippocampal-analogous region of the brain, they did show decreased proliferation in the olfactory bulb and ventral telencephalon. Our results indicate that, just like in mammals, pregnancy in fish impacts female cognitive capacity and cell proliferation, even though those poeciliid fishes do not have a placenta.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"63 9","pages":"e70523"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Neural Correlates of Numerical Symbol Processing During Symbol-and-Numerosity Paired Learning.","authors":"Shuangrao Qi, Mengyi Li, Zhijun Cui, Yujie Lu, Li Wang, Tian Li, Hantao Zhou, Xinlin Zhou","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerical symbol processing develops dynamically from initial learning to proficiency, yet the neural mechanisms underlying this progression remain poorly understood. This study employed an artificial symbol learning paradigm to capture neural responses at different proficiency levels of numerical processing and further explored how these responses relate to task-specific behavioral performance and overall math achievement. Forty-eight adults participated in the artificial symbol learning paradigm, during which event-related potential (ERP) data were recorded. Subsequently, they completed a behavioral math achievement test. A trial-based ERP-behavior correlation approach was used to enhance statistical power. The results showed significant correlations between the N1 and P2 components at occipitoparietal electrodes and reaction time in the numerical comparison task. Additionally, significant correlations were found between the N1 and P2 components and math achievement scores across all sessions. More importantly, the association between the occipital P2 component and reaction time in the comparison task increased across sessions, while the association between the parietal P2 component and math achievement scores decreased. These patterns were not observed in ERP amplitudes. The findings suggest that the P2 component, rather than the N1, serves as a key neural marker for the development of numerical symbol processing. They also highlight the critical role of brain-behavior correlations in elucidating this developmental process.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"63 9","pages":"e70527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grafts of Embryonic A9 Dopamine Neurons in a Rat Organotypic Culture Model of Parkinson's Disease Indicates the Potential and Limits of Nigro-Striatal Circuitry Reformation.","authors":"Douglas A Caruana, Timothy Goodman, Monte A Gates","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary dopaminergic cell transplantation is a potential therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease. However, the procedure commonly involves placing donor neurons heterotopically into the host striatum. To gain insights into the potential to reform circuitry between the substantia nigra and striatum, a sagittal explant system, including the striatum, medial forebrain bundle (MFB) and ventral mesencephalon (VM), was generated from postnatal rats. This ex vivo system provided a platform to test the potential for heterotopic or homotopic grafts of whole embryonic day 14 (E14) rat VM or sub-dissected regions of the A9 or A10 cell groups to reform midbrain dopaminergic circuitry. Results showed that homotopically placed whole VM tissue and sub-dissected A10 donor tissue were able to extend tyrosine hydroxylase+ (TH+) projections along the full rostro-caudal extent of the MFB. However, homotopically grafted A9 dopamine neurons showed little capacity to extend TH+ neurites beyond the graft region. In addition, heterotopic placement of A9 tissue adjacent to the host striatum revealed selective infiltration of TH+ projections into the dorsal striatum, where they displayed functional electrophysiological responses in host striatal neurons. This was in opposition to A10 heterotopic grafts, where TH+ projections were more random with no evidence of synaptic coupling in the host. Such results illustrate the fundamental utility of this system for exploring dopaminergic circuitry reconstruction ex vivo and indicate that the reformation of nigrostriatal circuitry may be limited for the A9 group in isolation, but that the A10 neurons can project along the full extent of the MFB.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"63 9","pages":"e70532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}