European Journal of Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"GABAB Receptors Mediate Intracellular Calcium Release in Astrocytes of the Prefrontal Cortex","authors":"Jennifer Bostel,&nbsp;Alina J. Kürten,&nbsp;Antonia Beiersdorfer","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70187","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a cortical brain region whose multifaceted functions are based on a complex interplay between excitatory pyramidal neurons, inhibitory GABAergic interneurons, and astrocytes maintaining a fine-tuned excitation/inhibition balance (E/I balance). The regulation of the E/I balance in cortical networks is crucial as the disruption leads to impairments in PFC-associated behavior and pathologies. Astrocytes express specific GABA receptors that mediate intracellular Ca²⁺ signaling upon stimulation by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), resulting in the release of gliotransmitters. GABA-mediated Ca²⁺ signaling in astrocytes has been of great interest in the past; however, especially, the signaling pathway greatly varies across brain regions and from development to adulthood. Here we took advantage of GLAST-promoter driven GCaMP6s expression in astrocytes to study GABAergic Ca²⁺ signaling, especially in young adult astrocytes of the PFC by confocal microscopy. The results show that GABA induces Ca²⁺ signaling via the stimulation of the metabotropic GABA_B receptor in astrocytes. GABA_B receptor-mediated Ca²⁺ signals greatly depend on intracellular Ca²⁺ stores rather than on extracellular Ca²⁺. Additionally, antagonists of the PLC/IP₃-signaling cascade significantly reduced GABA_B receptor-mediated Ca²⁺ signaling in astrocytes. Moreover, inhibition of the G_i/o signaling cascade did not have an effect on GABA_Breceptor-mediated Ca²⁺ transients, suggesting that astrocytic GABA_B receptors in the PFC of adolescent mice are coupled to the G_q-GPCR signaling pathway exclusively.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"White Matter Correlates of Psychopathic Traits in a Japanese Community Sample: Sex Matters!","authors":"S. C. Chester,&nbsp;J. C. Rogers,&nbsp;T. Ogawa,&nbsp;M. Terao,&nbsp;R. Nakai,&nbsp;N. Abe,&nbsp;S. A. De Brito","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70177","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Psychopathy is a personality disorder marked by distinct interpersonal, affective and behavioural abnormalities. Relatively little is known about associations between psychopathic traits and white matter (WM) microstructure among community samples, as most diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) research has focused on small clinical and forensic samples. These studies are also often limited to males from Western populations, leaving gaps in the understanding of females and non-Western populations. This study uses DTI data from a large community sample (<i>n</i> = 97) of well-functioning Japanese adults (45 males, aged 21–39 years). We used tract-based spatial statistics to investigate WM microstructural integrity (whole brain corrected using threshold-free cluster enhancement (TFCE), <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Psychopathy traits were measured using the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (SRP-SF). Region of interest analysis showed that callous affect scores negatively correlated with fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity in the left cingulum. Furthermore, analysis across the entire white matter skeleton revealed that sex acted as a moderator in the association between psychopathy trait scores and mean diffusivity (MD) in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus, anterior thalamic radiation, and corpus callosum. The interaction showed that psychopathy trait scores were positively associated with MD in females, whereas the opposite pattern was observed in males. Our findings offer novel insights into the white matter correlates of psychopathic traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circasemidian, Circadian, and Longer-Period Activity Rhythms in Caffeine-Treated Molecular Clock Deficient Cryptochrome (Cry) 1 and Cry 2 Double Knockout Mice","authors":"Satoru Masubuchi,&nbsp;Takako Yano,&nbsp;Kouji Komatsu,&nbsp;Keisuke Ikegami,&nbsp;Takeshi Todo,&nbsp;Wataru Nakamura","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70186","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mammalian circadian rhythms are driven by the transcriptional-translational feedback loop of clock genes in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. However, chronic methamphetamine treatment induces circadian activity rhythms in arrhythmic animals with suprachiasmatic nucleus lesions or clock gene deletions. Activation of dopaminergic neurotransmission by methamphetamine is considered to induce activity rhythms. Adenosine antagonizes the actions of dopamine at heteromers of dopamine and adenosine receptors (dopamine D1 and adenosine A1 receptors, dopamine D2 and adenosine A2A receptors). In this study, we considered that adenosine inhibition acts similarly to methamphetamine and administered an antagonist of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors, caffeine, in drinking water. Chronic caffeine treatment extended the circadian activity period of wild-type mice under constant darkness. The circadian period extension continued for 3 weeks after the replacement of caffeine with water. Chronic caffeine treatment induced circasemidian (~12 h), circadian, and longer-period activity rhythms in clock gene deficient, <i>cryptochrome (Cry) 1</i> and <i>Cry 2</i> double knockout mice under constant darkness. These activity rhythms changed periods spontaneously over time and became arrhythmic upon caffeine withdrawal. In humans, rhythms with periods shorter or longer than 24 h are hypothesized to cause internal desynchronization of the sleep–wake rhythm from the ~24 h body temperature rhythm under temporal isolation. Circasemidian rhythms are hypothesized to cause afternoon sleepiness and naps. Caffeine-induced rhythms may help understand rhythms with periods shorter or longer than 24 h in humans.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Modulation of Dopamine D2 Receptor on Somatostatin and Parvalbumin Interneurons in the CA1 Area of the Dorsal Hippocampus","authors":"Pola Tuduri,&nbsp;Audrey Mignon,&nbsp;Emmanuel Valjent,&nbsp;Jeanne Ster","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70176","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spatiomolecular mapping of hippocampal dopamine D2 receptor neurons revealed that in addition to hilar mossy cells, hippocampal somatostatin interneurons and, to a lesser extent, parvalbumin interneurons expressed dopamine D2 receptor. However, the consequence of dopamine D2 receptor activation on hippocampal somatostatin interneurons and parvalbumin interneurons is unknown. By combining pharmacological approaches and patch-clamp recordings in organotypic hippocampal slices from control mice or mice lacking <i>Drd2</i> selectively in somatostatin or parvalbumin interneurons, we found that dopamine D2 receptor activation increases excitability in somatostatin interneurons while it decreases it in parvalbumin interneurons in the CA1 area. These changes depend on voltage-gated K channels and rely on distinct intracellular pathways, involving the non-canonical β-arrestin-dependent pathway in somatostatin interneurons and the G protein-dependent pathway in parvalbumin interneurons. Finally, our study unveils that activation of dopamine D2 receptor in somatostatin interneurons modulates methacholine-induced rhythmic synaptic activity at 4–15 Hz.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of External Cue Overlap and Internal Goals on Selective Memory Retrieval as Revealed by Electroencephalographic (EEG) Neural Pattern Reinstatement","authors":"Arianna Moccia,&nbsp;Matthew Plummer,&nbsp;Ivor Simpson,&nbsp;Alexa M. Morcom","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70194","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For past experiences to guide our actions, we need to retrieve the relevant memories. Here, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate how memories are selected for retrieval and to test how current goals and external retrieval cues drive selection during the retrieval cascade. We analysed data from two studies in which people studied objects in picture or auditory word formats and later recalled them using either written words (Experiment 1, <i>n</i> = 28) or line drawings (Experiment 2, <i>n</i> = 28) as retrieval cues. We used multivariate decoding to quantify the reinstatement of study phase neural patterns when people successfully identified items that had been studied in a format currently designated as targeted, compared with non-targeted items. Neural reinstatement emerged at around 500 ms post-stimulus, like the established left parietal event-related potential (ERP) signature of recollection. Reinstatement was target-selective (greater for targets than non-targets) when test cues overlapped more with targets, a pattern previously shown for the left parietal ERP. In contrast, when cues overlapped more with non-targets, neural reinstatement was reversed—greater for non-targets—unlike the left parietal ERP. We also tested for goal-directed mental reinstatement proposed to guide selection prior to retrieval cues. When words were cues, there was strong evidence of this proactive reinstatement, but it was not detected when pictures were cues. Together, the data suggest that selection can act at multiple stages of memory retrieval and depends on both external cues and goal-directed control.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Maturation and Experience-Dependent Plasticity in Adult-Born Olfactory Bulb Dopaminergic Neurons","authors":"Candida Tufo,&nbsp;Menghon Cheah,&nbsp;Marcela Lipovsek,&nbsp;Darren J. Byrne,&nbsp;Krishna Kothandapani,&nbsp;Lorcan P. Browne,&nbsp;Matthew S. Grubb","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70188","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Continued integration of new neurons persists in only a few areas of the adult mouse brain. In the olfactory bulb (OB), immature adult-born neurons respond differently to olfactory stimuli compared to their more mature counterparts and have heightened levels of activity-dependent plasticity. These distinct functional features are thought to bestow unique properties onto existing circuitry. OB interneurons, including those generated through adult neurogenesis, consist of a set of highly distinct subtypes. However, we do not currently know the different cell-type-specific mechanisms underlying their functional development and plastic potential. Here, we specifically characterised electrophysiological maturation and experience-dependent plasticity in a single, defined subtype of adult-born OB neuron: dopaminergic cells. We selectively live-labelled both adult-born and ‘resident’ dopaminergic cells, and targeted them for whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in acute mouse OB slices. Surprisingly, we found that from the time—at ~1 month of cell age—that live adult-born dopaminergic neurons could first be reliably identified, they already possessed almost fully mature intrinsic firing properties. We saw significant maturation only in increased spontaneous activity and decreased medium afterhyperpolarisation amplitude. Nor were adult-born dopaminergic cells especially plastic. In response to brief sensory deprivation via unilateral naris occlusion we observed no maturation-specific plastic alterations in intrinsic properties, although we did see deprivation-associated increases in spike speed and amplitude across all adult-born and resident neurons. Our results not only show that adult-born OB dopaminergic cells rapidly functionally resemble their pre-existing counterparts, but also underscore the importance of subtype identity when describing neuronal maturation and plasticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of Auditory Novelty Processing by Dexmedetomidine and Natural Sleep: A Human Intracranial Electrophysiology Study","authors":"Kirill V. Nourski,&nbsp;Mitchell Steinschneider,&nbsp;Ariane E. Rhone,&nbsp;Rashmi N. Mueller,&nbsp;Matthew I. Banks","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70181","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Identifying neural signatures of loss of consciousness is a major goal of neuroscience. The local/global auditory novelty paradigm has been useful in characterizing sensory processing across arousal states. Propofol suppresses responses to long-term novelty (global deviance, GD) at subhypnotic doses; suppression of responses to short-term novelty (local deviance, LD) outside auditory cortex may represent a biomarker of loss of consciousness. Dexmedetomidine is an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that induces sleep-like sedation. This study examined whether the changes in auditory novelty processing observed with propofol, a GABA-ergic agent, also occur with dexmedetomidine and during sleep. Intracranial recordings were obtained in neurosurgical patients undergoing monitoring for refractory epilepsy. Stimuli were vowel sequences incorporating LD and GD. Neural activity was recorded during wakefulness, administration of dexmedetomidine, and sleep and was examined as the averaged evoked potential (AEP) and high gamma (70–150 Hz) power. AEP responses were more broadly distributed than high gamma activity. Results previously observed with propofol were replicated with dexmedetomidine. Subhypnotic doses led to decreased LD effects and a precipitous decline in GD effects. Loss of responsiveness was associated with loss of LD effects outside the auditory cortex. Likewise, daytime sleep was associated with cessation of GD effects and confinement of LD effects to the auditory cortex. Results support the generalizability of changes in auditory novelty processing to dexmedetomidine and sleep. Preservation of LD effects in the auditory cortex indicates that the auditory cortex continues to monitor the environment following loss of responsiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced Accumbal Dopamine Efflux Via Orexin OX2 Receptors in Chronic Pain Models","authors":"Hiroki Kawashima,&nbsp;John L. Waddington,&nbsp;Tadashi Saigusa","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70192","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We have shown using isolated C-fiber-like neurons that chronic pain may reduce orexinergic neural activity and that the nucleus accumbens, a major terminal area of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system, contains OX₂-receptors, a subtype of orexin receptors that inhibits accumbal basal dopamine efflux. It has been suggested that stimulation of OX₂ receptors in the brain may suppress chronic pain. To investigate how chronic pain affects orexin receptor-mediated changes in accumbal dopaminergic neural activity, we analyzed the effects of intra-accumbal infusion of orexin receptor ligands on accumbal dopamine efflux in rats using in vivo microdialysis. To experimentally induce two types of chronic pain, i.e., inflammatory and neuropathic pain, we performed, respectively, intra-plantar injection of the proinflammatory compound carrageenan into the hind paws and sciatic nerve ligation. Decreased paw withdrawal threshold following carrageenan treatment or sciatic nerve ligation was inhibited by morphine. However, meloxicam, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, inhibited these changes in carrageenan-treated rats but not in those with sciatic nerve ligation. Neither carrageenan injection nor sciatic nerve ligation altered basal accumbal dopamine efflux. Both in carrageenan-treated and in sciatic nerve-ligated rats, the OX₁- and OX₂-receptor antagonist MK-4305 and OX₂-receptor antagonist EMPA-induced increase in accumbal dopamine efflux was reduced, as compared to their respective controls. The OX₂-receptor agonist orexin-B counteracted the EMPA-induced increase in dopamine efflux both in carrageenan-treated and in sciatic nerve-ligated rats. These results suggest that inflammatory and neuropathic pain each lead to decreased stimulation of accumbal OX₂-receptors by their endogenous agonists, orexin-A and/or orexin-B, thereby inhibiting dopamine efflux.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxytocin Neuropeptide in the Control of Drug Dependence: A Review of Past Studies and Future Challenges","authors":"Peyman Esmaili-Shahzade-Ali-Akbari,&nbsp;Arshia Bozorgnia,&nbsp;Mohammad Shaterian,&nbsp;Samiya Jandaghian,&nbsp;Samaneh Moghimi Shahri","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70197","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oxytocin has been the focus of much research today. Although initially thought to be a simple peptide involved in uterine contractions, further research has shown that it is a neurotransmitter that influences human social behavior and also plays a role in anxiety and addiction. Interestingly, oxytocin receptors are present throughout the brain, and the oxytocin system interacts with the reward and glutamate systems at several sites. Therefore, many studies have investigated the effect of oxytocin administration on drug tolerance and dependence. Given the importance of the subject, the present literature specifically summarizes the results of studies (clinical and preclinical) conducted on the effect of oxytocin on drug dependence. We then review the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-addictive effects of oxytocin, and finally address the challenges of clinical application of oxytocin. Despite some conflicting results, many findings have clearly demonstrated that oxytocin administration can reduce drug-induced dependence. The present review suggests further studies to address some of the challenges of the clinical application of oxytocin in addiction treatment, such as dose-dependent effects in different brain regions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disinhibition of the Ventral Tegmental Area After Trauma Restores REM Sleep Disturbances and Reduces Long-Term Behavioral Indices of Fear Memory","authors":"Ingrid Buller-Peralta,&nbsp;Javier Diaz,&nbsp;Valeria Gonzalez,&nbsp;Alejandro Bassi,&nbsp;Adrian Ocampo-Garcés,&nbsp;José L. Valdés","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70189","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a pathological condition mainly characterized by the inability to extinct fear responses associated with a traumatic event and profound alteration in REM sleep. A decrease in the activity of dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) after trauma has emerged as a potential neurophysiological substrate for PTSD development through reciprocal interactions between fear extinction and REM sleep. We disinhibited the neuronal activity of the VTA by blocking GABA transmission immediately after a foot shock trauma. Rats were treated during a six-hour sleep recording with bilateral microinjections of picrotoxin or vehicle. A group of picrotoxin and REM sleep deprivation was included to test the role of REM sleep. Conditioned fear was tested 24 h following a 5-day fear extinction protocol, after which extinction learning was evaluated before another 6 h of sleep recording. Animals treated with picrotoxin could extinguish fear and did not show REM sleep disturbances compared to vehicle-treated animals. This improvement was REM sleep–dependent, as deprived rats evidenced similar REM sleep decrease and memory fear extinction impairments compared to the vehicle group. The effect on REM sleep was achieved by preserving the number of bouts but not increasing their duration, suggesting a protective effect over the ability to transition towards REM. Our results suggest that the disinhibition of dopaminergic neurons during a critical window after trauma could reduce the REM sleep and memory fear extinction disturbances induced by trauma, opening new avenues for therapeutic interventions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}