European Journal of Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Intranetwork and Internetwork Functional Connectivity Changes Related to Speech Disorders in Adults With Cleft Lip and Palate","authors":"Yingying Wang,&nbsp;Chengdan Deng,&nbsp;Hailong Li,&nbsp;Yingxue Gao,&nbsp;Bing Shi,&nbsp;Xiaoqi Huang,&nbsp;Qiyong Gong","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cleft lip and palate (CLP) may induce alterations in functional connectivity (FC) throughout the whole brain, potentially leading to speech dysfunctions; however, the precise neurobiological mechanisms involved remain unknown. This study aimed to systematically examine the consequences of neurological impairments associated with CLP on whole-brain FC and speech functionality. A total of 33 CLP individuals and 41 control participants were included in this study. Eight meaningful brain networks were identified through independent component analysis (ICA). The intergroup differences and correlations with speech scores for both intranetwork and internetwork FC were calculated. We observed decreased FC within the sensorimotor network (SMN), default mode network (DMN), and cerebellar network (CN) and increased FC within the executive control network (ECN). Additionally, FC was enhanced between the SMN and the auditory network (AN), attention network (ATN), and salience network (SAN); between the DMN and the visual network (VN) and ECN; and between two independent components of the DMN. Furthermore, significant correlations were observed between altered FC and speech assessment scores. Our research demonstrated that brain plasticity in CLP individuals with speech deficits involves widespread changes in brain connectivity, significantly improving our understanding of the neural basis of speech impairment in CLP individuals.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Locus Coeruleus: Anatomy, Physiology, and Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders","authors":"Beverly A. S. Reyes","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The locus coeruleus–norepinephrine (LC-NE) system is involved in mediating a wide array of functions, including attention, arousal, cognition, and stress response. Dysregulation of the LC-NE system is strongly linked with several stress-induced neuropsychiatric disorders, highlighting the LC's pivotal role in the development of these disorders. Located in the dorsal pontine tegmental area, the LC contains noradrenergic neurons that serve as the main source of NE in the central nervous system. Activation of the LC and subsequent release of NE at different levels of the neuroaxis is adaptive, allowing the body to adjust appropriately amid a challenging stimulus. However, prolonged and repeated LC activation leads to maladaptive responses that implicate LC-NE dysfunction in stress-induced neuropsychiatric disorders. As the primary initiator of the stress response, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Following the discovery of CRF more than four decades ago, numerous studies established that CRF also acts as a neurotransmitter that governs the activity of other neurotransmitters in the brain neurotransmitter system. The LC-NE system receives abundant CRF afferents arising from several brain nuclei. CRF afferents to LC-NE are activated and recruited in the pathogenesis of stress-induced neuropsychiatric disorders. Presented in this review are the CRF neuroanatomical connectivity and physiological characteristics that modulate LC-NE function, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of stress-induced neuropsychiatric disorders. Additionally, this review illustrates the contribution of LC-NE to the apparent sex-dependent differences in stress-induced neuropsychiatric disorders. Hence, the LC-NE system is a promising target for the development of therapeutic strategies for stress-induced neuropsychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase-Amplitude Coupling of NREM Sleep Oscillations Shows Between-Night Stability and is Related to Overnight Memory Gains","authors":"Nathan Cross,&nbsp;Jordan O'Byrne,&nbsp;Oren M. Weiner,&nbsp;Julia Giraud,&nbsp;Aurore A. Perrault,&nbsp;Thien Thanh Dang-Vu","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is growing evidence in humans linking the temporal coupling between spindles and slow oscillations during NREM sleep with the overnight stabilization of memories encoded from daytime experiences in humans. However, whether the type and strength of learning influence that relationship is still unknown. Here we tested whether the amount or type of verbal word-pair learning prior to sleep affects subsequent phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) between spindles and slow oscillations (SO). We measured the strength and preferred timing of such coupling in the EEG of 41 healthy human participants over a post-learning and control night to compare intra-individual changes with inter-individual differences. We leveraged learning paradigms of varying word-pair (WP) load: 40 WP learned to a minimum criterion of 60% correct (<i>n</i> = 11); 40 WP presented twice (<i>n</i> = 15); 120 WP presented twice (<i>n</i> = 15). There were no significant differences in the preferred phase or strength between the control and post-learning nights, in all learning conditions. We observed an overnight consolidation effect (improved performance at delayed recall) for the criterion learning condition only, and only in this condition was the overnight change in memory performance significantly positively correlated with the phase of SO−spindle coupling. These results suggest that the coupling of brain oscillations during human NREM sleep is stable traits that are not modulated by the amount of pre-sleep learning, yet are implicated in the sleep-dependent consolidation of memory—especially when overnight gains in memory are observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Killer Cells in Alzheimer's Disease: From Foe to Friend","authors":"Milos Kostic,&nbsp;Nikola Zivkovic,&nbsp;Ana Cvetanovic,&nbsp;Jelena Basic,&nbsp;Ivana Stojanovic","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The neuroinflammatory aspect of Alzheimer's disease (<span>AD</span>) has been largely focused on microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain; however, recent evidence increasingly points to the importance of multiple alterations in the systemic immune response during disease development. Natural killer (NK) cells are also components of innate immunity, whose role in <span>AD</span> pathogenesis has been sporadically investigated and often conflicting results have been reported. Recent clinical trial has suggested the potential beneficial effects of <span>AD</span> immunotherapy based on ex vivo–expanded, genetically unmodified, NK cells. This has led to increased interest in understanding the function of these cells in the central nervous system in both physiological and pathological contexts such as <span>AD</span>. Considering that <span>AD</span> is predominantly a disease of the elderly population, in this review, we summarized the current state of knowledge on the physiological changes that occur in the NK cell compartment during the normal aging process and the pathophysiological alterations that occur throughout the <span>AD</span> continuum that could potentially explain the therapeutic efficacy of these cells.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reasoning Goals and Representational Decisions in Computational Cognitive Neuroscience: Lessons From the Drift Diffusion Model","authors":"Ari Khoudary,&nbsp;Megan A. K. Peters,&nbsp;Aaron M. Bornstein","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Computational cognitive models are powerful tools for enhancing the quantitative and theoretical rigor of cognitive neuroscience. It is thus imperative that model users—researchers who develop models, use existing models, or integrate model-based findings into their own research—understand how these tools work and what factors need to be considered when engaging with them. To this end, we developed a philosophical toolkit that addresses core questions about computational cognitive models in the brain and behavioral sciences. Drawing on recent advances in the philosophy of modeling, we highlight the central role of model users' <i>reasoning goals</i> in the application and interpretation of formal models. We demonstrate the utility of this perspective by first offering a philosophical introduction to the highly popular drift diffusion model (DDM) and then providing a novel conceptual analysis of a long-standing debate about decision thresholds in the DDM. Contrary to most existing work, we suggest that the two model structures implicated in the debate offer complementary—rather than competing—explanations of speeded choice behavior. Further, we show how the <i>type</i> of explanation provided by each form of the model (parsimonious and normative) reflects the reasoning goals of the communities of users who developed them (cognitive psychometricians and theoretical decision scientists, respectively). We conclude our analysis by offering readers a principled heuristic for deciding which of the models to use, thus concretely demonstrating the conceptual and practical utility of philosophy for resolving meta-scientific challenges in the brain and behavioral sciences.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Glymphatic Function, Global Brain Activity, and Cognitive Performance in Adolescents Living With Perinatal HIV Exposure","authors":"Xiao Yu,&nbsp;Lei Gao,&nbsp;Zhuang Yin,&nbsp;Ling Feng,&nbsp;Dan Xu","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70105","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The discovery of the glymphatic system has provided a theoretical framework for understanding neurofluid dynamics and waste clearance within the brain. Recent studies suggest that the function of the glymphatic system is also reflected in the resting-state spontaneous brain activity. However, whether and how these functions change in perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) adolescents, a population characterized by neuroviral infection and antiviral treatment, is largely unknown. This study aims to investigate whether PHIV-exposed infected and uninfected adolescents exhibit changes in glymphatic function and spontaneous brain activity that differ from their healthy, typically developing peers, and if these changes are associated with pathways involving related gene and receptor expression. Sixteen adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV infection (HIV+), 18 perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected adolescents (HEU), and 30 demographically matched typically developing (TD) adolescents were enrolled. Cognitive, clinical, structural, and functional MRI data were collected. Diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) was employed to characterize glymphatic function, and whole-brain functional connectivity based on resting-state fMRI was used to investigate the diffusion of global oscillatory signals. Further mediation analysis was conducted to delineate the interactive relationships among DTI-ALPS, whole-brain signal dynamics, and cognitive assessments. HIV+ and HEU adolescents exhibited comparable DTI-ALPS scores (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05), yet both groups showed significantly higher DTI-ALPS compared with TD peers (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). These findings suggest that not only perinatal HIV infection but also perinatal HIV exposure significantly and profoundly impacts subsequent adolescent brain glymphatic function and whole-brain signal dynamics.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable Enhancement of Corticospinal Excitability by the Combination of Paired Associative Stimulation and Interlimb Cortical Network","authors":"Tatsuya Kato,&nbsp;Naotsugu Kaneko,&nbsp;Kimitaka Nakazawa","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Inter-individual variability is a common issue of noninvasive brain stimulation. This study aimed to augment neuroplasticity induced by paired associative stimulation (PAS) through leveraging interlimb neural interactions. Specifically, we assessed lower-limb corticospinal excitability when voluntary ipsilateral upper-limb muscle contraction (UMC) was integrated into lower-limb PAS in 19 able-bodied young adults. PAS targeted the right soleus muscle (i.e., a lower-limb muscle), pairing peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to modulate cortical excitability. Experiment 1 evaluated motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) after PAS + UMC, PAS, and UMC interventions. Experiment 2 investigated the modulation of MEP and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) following PAS + UMC and PAS interventions, with focused attention on PNS. During PAS + UMC intervention, participants performed right wrist flexion at 30% maximum voluntary contraction coinciding with stimulation. Results showed a significant increase in MEPs 30 min after PAS + UMC intervention, with enhanced increase under controlled attention. The H-reflex slightly increased 15 and 30 min after PAS + UMC intervention. SICI increased 30 min after PAS + UMC intervention, though the correlation between MEP and SICI observed in PAS intervention was absent in PAS + UMC intervention. Our findings suggest that combining lower-limb PAS with UMC can facilitate lower-limb corticospinal excitability more effectively than conventional PAS, despite the complex neural mechanism underlying PAS.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TissueProf: An ImageJ/Fiji Plugin for Tissue Profiling Based on Fluorescent Signals","authors":"Emre Düşünceli,&nbsp;Seiya Yamada,&nbsp;Takashi Namba","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fluorescence immunohistochemistry to detect multiple molecules of interest (e.g., proteins and RNA) has been an essential experimental method used to analyse cell populations in tissues. There are two challenges in the image analysis of tissues due to the high density of cells and the higher background of signals that originate from extracellular spaces such as extracellular matrix. These are cell identification and analysis of marker coexpression. Although some programmes are available for the analysis of microscopy images, tools that support automated, yet flexible, image analysis are needed to reduce the workload of researchers. In this study, we have developed a user-friendly ImageJ/Fiji plugin that provides a semiautomated image analysis pipeline with a flexibility to reflect inputs from users. The plugin consists of three steps: segmentation of cells expressing each molecule, manual correction of cell segmentation if needed and molecule coexpression analysis. The output of the pipeline comprises Excel files containing the number of cells which express each molecule and/or combination of molecules and their signal intensities. It does so by automatizing the identification of region-of-interests (ROI) based on fluorescent signals and the process of counting cells expressing various combinations of these molecules in each zone the user is interested in. The automatization of localization of fluorescent signals relies on available deep learning networks and the analysis of coexpression from the ROIs is based on spatial analysis of ROIs. This plugin mitigates the workload and time-consumption of the analysis of multichannel microscopy images, which are widely used in neuroscience.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Immune Response Induced by Probiotic Treatment After Th9 Compression: The Interplay Between Spinal Cord and Jejunum","authors":"Mária Ileninová,&nbsp;Katarína Kiss Bimbová,&nbsp;Alexandra Kisucká,&nbsp;Mária Bačová,&nbsp;Dagmar Mudroňová,&nbsp;Tomáš Kuruc,&nbsp;Ján Gálik,&nbsp;Karolína Kuchárová,&nbsp;Lenka Ihnátová,&nbsp;Nadežda Lukáčová","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of our study was to limit the inflammatory response after spinal cord injury (SCI) using the probiotic strain <i>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Ž2</i> (5 × 10⁹, CFU/mL). The relationship between pro- and anti-inflammatory markers was studied in a rat model after Th9 compression (40 g/15 min) and daily application (7 or 14 days) of probiotics. The probiotic treatment strongly reduced pro-inflammatory markers specific for microglia/macrophages (CD11b), microglia (CD68, IL-6, and iNOS), astrocytes (C1q), and TLR/NF-κB signaling pathway at lesion site and to a lesser extent cranially and caudally (0.3 cm) 7 days postinjury. In the spinal cord segments, 2-week probiotic therapy affected the expression of these targets depending on the intensity of their damage (cranially &gt; caudally &gt; lesion site). It was also noted that the impact of 14-day probiotic therapy in the jejunum was more pronounced than after a shorter treatment. Additionally, probiotic therapy significantly boosted the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory milieu in the spinal cord tissues. Seven days post-SCI probiotic therapy had the potential to modulate the unfavorable environment around the injury site by increasing the anti-inflammatory microglial (IL-4Rα, TGF-β, and SOCS3) and astroglial (Ptx3) transcripts and by overexpression of immunoregulatory (TLR9 and IFN-γ) markers leading to functional remodeling and mitigation of hematuria. Longer post-SCI probiotic treatment upregulates the neuroprotective molecules at the injury site and simultaneously regulates the anti-inflammatory response in the jejunum. Herein we show that probiotic strain <i>L. paracasei Ž2</i> has the potential to manage inflammation induced by SCI in both the gut and affected spinal cord within both subacute phases.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Might a ‘Philosopher's Toolkit’ Help Advance Neuroscience? Let's Ask Some Neuroscientists","authors":"John Bickle,&nbsp;Patricia Churchland,&nbsp;Stuart Firestein,&nbsp;Michael N. Lehman,&nbsp;David J. Parker,&nbsp;Alcino J. Silva,&nbsp;Bradley J. Walters,&nbsp;Robert W. Williams","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the terms adopted by the editors of this special issue concerning how a ‘philosopher's toolkit’ might contribute to progress in neuroscience, this paper reports posing that question to several neuroscientists, all with a track record of successfully interacting with philosophers. These discussions took the form of structured interviews following the methods of Barwich. The results highlight a number of issues that these neuroscientists think philosophers can help them solve. Different views emerged about what a ‘philosopher's toolkit’ consists of; but each of these neuroscientists saw some important roles that philosophers can play within neuroscience itself. Transcripts of these interviews and the accompanying analyses reveal to philosophers that some prominent neuroscientists welcome their contributions, to central outstanding questions within their specific research fields and to more general concerns that confront scientists beyond those specific to neuroscience. These discussions and analyses based upon them should be welcome to philosophers of science-in-practice, especially to a subset recently dubbed ‘philosophers-in-science’. They also reveal to neuroscientists who are less familiar with interacting professionally with philosophers a glimpse of what some of their colleagues find potentially valuable about such interactions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"61 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}