European Journal of Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the Feasibility of Mitigating Alcohol-Induced Instability Using Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation","authors":"Nancy Barranco,&nbsp;Gustavo Arellano,&nbsp;Karla Pineda,&nbsp;Enrique Soto","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70627","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejn.70627","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alcohol consumption significantly impairs postural stability by disrupting vestibular function, increasing the risk of falls. This study investigated the feasibility of using galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) to mitigate alcohol-induced postural instability in healthy adults, employing acute alcohol intake as a transient model of vestibular dysfunction. Sixty participants were assigned to groups with or without alcohol consumption (estimated blood alcohol concentration [BAC] 0.06%–0.08%) and randomly received one of three GVS types: random noise (rnGVS), direct current plus random noise (rn-dcGVS), or a sham stimulation (fGVS). Static balance was assessed using a stabilometric platform with eyes closed on an unstable surface. As expected, alcohol consumption significantly worsened stabilometric parameters, resembling vestibular pathological hypofunction. fGVS produced no significant changes, ruling out a placebo effect. Notably, rnGVS significantly improved postural stability in subjects who consumed alcohol, reducing sway velocity, maximal anteroposterior (Max AP), and mediolateral displacements (Max ML) during and immediately after stimulation. In contrast, rn-dcGVS worsened stability in subjects in the no alcohol consuming group with no significant change in the alcohol consuming group. These results demonstrate that rnGVS can effectively attenuate alcohol-induced postural instability in a transient experimental model of vestibular dysfunction and support the use of acute alcohol intake as a controlled model for investigating vestibular modulation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"64 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148583551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spanish Neuroscience in Focus: Highlights From the SENC 2025 Meeting","authors":"Eloísa Herrera,&nbsp;Paola Bovolenta,&nbsp;Carlos Matute","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70643","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejn.70643","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The biennial meeting of the Spanish Society for Neuroscience has long served as a meeting point for a diverse, creative and internationally connected neuroscience community. The 20th Meeting of the Spanish Society for Neuroscience, held in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria in September 2025, offered a particularly vivid illustration of this breadth. Across symposia, plenary lectures, poster sessions and informal discussions, the meeting brought together researchers working at multiple levels of analysis, from molecular mechanisms and cellular identities to neural circuits, behaviour, cognition and neurological disease. This Special Issue of the &lt;i&gt;European Journal of Neuroscience&lt;/i&gt; was conceived as an opportunity to capture part of that scientific energy and to give broader visibility to the neuroscience currently being developed in Spain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The contributions collected here originate from organizers and speakers of symposia held during the SENC meeting. Rather than attempting to provide an exhaustive overview of the meeting, the Special Issue offers a selective snapshot of themes that are central to contemporary neuroscience and strongly represented within the Spanish research community. These include the mechanisms by which neural cell states are established and maintained, how immune and glial processes shape brain function and disease, how neural circuits support cognition and behaviour and how mechanistic insights can inform our understanding of neurological disorders.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A first set of contributions addresses how neural cells acquire, maintain or alter their identities in development, adulthood and disease. Bizzotto and colleagues discuss current approaches to cell fate in human neurodevelopment and disease, a field transformed by the convergence of human genetics, single-cell technologies, organoid systems and comparative developmental analyses. Together, these approaches are reshaping our understanding of how human neural diversity emerges, how developmental trajectories can be perturbed and how disease-relevant cellular phenotypes can be modelled in experimentally accessible systems. Complementing this developmental perspective, Fariñas and colleagues focus on quiescence as an active and dynamic regulator of adult neural stem cells. Their review highlights a major conceptual shift in the field: Quiescence is no longer viewed as a passive dormant state, but as a regulated condition that preserves stem cell potential while allowing context-dependent transitions into activation, differentiation or return to dormancy. This perspective is particularly relevant for understanding tissue maintenance, ageing and regenerative capacity in the adult nervous system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A second theme emerging from the issue concerns the central role of glial and immune mechanisms in neurological disease. De Santis and colleagues examine multiscale approaches to understanding the complex role of microglia in Alzheimer's disease. By integrating information acros","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"64 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13400897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148583633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autism Spectrum Disorder–Associated Genes Enrich in Discrete Cortical, Limbic and Cerebellar Brain Regions","authors":"G. Lorenzo Odierna,&nbsp;Vicki Bitsika,&nbsp;Christopher F. Sharpley","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70638","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejn.70638","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental condition with a well-characterised genetic architecture, yet how ASD-associated genes map onto discrete brain regions remains poorly understood. This study applied a recently validated analysis pipeline (ATLANTE) to discover regions of the human brain enriched for high expression of 234 high-confidence ASD-associated genes. Eleven discrete brain regions were identified, spanning cortical, limbic and cerebellar systems including the anterior orbitofrontal gyrus, cerebellar cortex, flocculonodular lobe, vermis, posterior cingulate cortex, temporo-occipital transitional zone, hippocampal subfields CA1 and CA3, postcentral gyrus, occipital cortex and perirhinal gyrus. Notably, the anterior orbitofrontal gyrus exhibited significant enrichment for syndromic ASD genes, suggesting a core role in the neuropsychiatric features of syndromic presentations. Network and community clustering analyses revealed three major gene communities corresponding to distinct biological processes: synaptic dysfunction in limbic regions, histone modification in cerebellar regions and axonal ion channel regulation in cortical regions. Nodal analysis identified eight high-priority genes with broad relevance across multiple brain regions, including <i>NR3C2</i>, <i>GABRB2</i> and <i>NBEA</i>. These findings provide a refined neuroanatomical framework for ASD pathophysiology, identify understudied brain regional targets and imply that ASD-associated genes exert primary effects in specific brain regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"64 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13400753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148583548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cochlear Functional Changes and CGRP Modulation in a Chronic Nitroglycerin Migraine-Like Rat Model","authors":"Pelin Koçdor,&nbsp;Narges Shomalizadeh,&nbsp;Fatmanur Akpunar Salman,&nbsp;Feride Demirhan,&nbsp;Begün Erbaba,&nbsp;Ibrahim Kulac,&nbsp;Esra Özkan,&nbsp;İlke Kara Taş,&nbsp;Şevin Elif Şanioğlu,&nbsp;Mahmoud Mahmoudi,&nbsp;Zeynep Dikmen,&nbsp;Manohar Bance,&nbsp;Yasemin Gürsoy Özdemir","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70635","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejn.70635","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Auditory and vestibular symptoms in vestibular migraine, cochlear migraine, and Ménière's disease overlap, yet mechanisms linking migraine biology to inner ear dysfunction remain unclear. Calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP) is a key mediator of trigeminovascular activation and a major therapeutic target in migraine, but its contribution to cochlear dysfunction is not well defined. Using a repeated nitroglycerin (NTG) paradigm in male Wistar rats, we investigated whether a systemic migraine-like state affects cochlear function and whether these effects are dependent on CGRP. Rats received saline, NTG, or NTG followed by the CGRP receptor antagonist olcegepant (OLC). NTG increased plasma TNF-<i>α</i> and elevated trigeminal c-Fos; olcegepant partially normalized these markers, whereas behavioral changes in the open-field test were interpreted cautiously because baseline immobility differed across groups before treatment. NTG produced frequency-dependent changes in distortion-product otoacoustic emissions and auditory brain stem response thresholds. Electrocochleography showed limited changes, and scala media proportions did not differ significantly among groups, indicating no evidence of overt endolymphatic hydrops at the studied time point. Inner hair-cell synaptic markers showed no significant group differences for CtBP2, whereas GluR2 puncta differed between NTG and NTG + OLC (<i>p</i> = 0.012). Olcegepant attenuated NTG-associated cochlear functional changes and was associated with differences in postsynaptic GluR2 puncta, alongside region-specific changes in cochlear CGRP immunoreactivity. These findings support a mechanistic link between migraine-like trigeminovascular activation and early cochlear dysfunction and suggest that CGRP receptor blockade may benefit migraine patients with cochlear or vestibular symptoms. Future studies should assess females, estrous cycle tracking, hormones, and sex-specific auditory responses.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"64 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148561221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Assessment of Stroke Severity: Development of a Visual Infarct and Comprehensive Scoring System in Ischemic Rats With Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion","authors":"Changqing Mu,&nbsp;Yuchuan Ding,&nbsp;Omar Elmadhoun,&nbsp;Fengwu Li,&nbsp;Xiaokun Geng","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70611","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejn.70611","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reliable assessment of infarct severity is essential in experimental stroke research, yet commonly used approaches such as 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and magnetic resonance imaging require additional tissue processing, specialized equipment, or substantial time and cost. In this study, we developed and validated a rapid visual Infarct Score to determine infarct volume and evaluate neuroprotective efficacy in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models. A retrospective analysis was performed using data from 315 male Sprague–Dawley rats, including TTC-derived infarct volume, visual Infarct Score, neurological deficit scores, and body weight changes. The Infarct Score demonstrated the strongest correlation with infarct volume among individual indicators in both nontreatment (Rho = 0.71) and treatment cohorts (Rho = 0.68). We further developed a Comprehensive Score by integrating the Infarct Score with the Longa 5-point score at 48 h, which showed the highest overall correlation with infarct volume (Rho = 0.75 in both cohorts) and strong discrimination of infarct severity (AUC = 0.90). Interrater reliability analysis demonstrated excellent agreement among independent raters (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.89; Kendall's <i>W</i> = 0.83, both <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Neuroprotective interventions, including therapeutic hypothermia, nitroglycerin, and remote ischemic conditioning combined with physical exercise, significantly reduced infarct volume, Infarct Score, Comprehensive Score, neurological deficits, and weight loss. These findings indicate that the Infarct Score offers a rapid, practical, and cost-effective method for infarct assessment, whereas the Comprehensive Score further improves the predictive accuracy and may serve as a useful tool for evaluating stroke severity and treatment outcomes in preclinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"64 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13391210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148561152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of Real-Time Autonomous Functional Electrical Stimulation for Freezing of Gait","authors":"Ayham AlAkhras,&nbsp;Scott Pardoel,&nbsp;Ensieh Jafari,&nbsp;Edward D. Lemaire,&nbsp;Julie Nantel","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70633","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejn.70633","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Freezing of gait is a debilitating walking disturbance that can severely worsen quality of life for people with Parkinson's disease. However, current Parkinson's disease treatments do not effectively address freezing of gait, leading researchers to explore cueing to mitigate the symptom. Somatosensory stimulation is an emerging cueing strategy that could be discreet and practical to mitigate freezing of gait duration. Twenty-six participants (seven females) attempted walking trials in a freeze-inducing path while wearing a functional electrical stimulation cueing device. Functional electrical stimulation cueing was activated autonomously in real time. Constrained random sampling was used to designate each trial as cueing system on or off, providing a control for within-participant analysis. A total of 576 freezing episodes were recorded with the device on. Of those, 492 were successfully stimulated. To assess cueing performance, freezing of gait time per trial in the on and off device states was calculated for each participant. On average, freezing of gait time per trial decreased from 5.84 to 5.69 s (2.44%). Freezing of gait time per trial increased for half the participants and the other half experienced a decrease. There were no statistically significant group-level effects, though electrical stimulation cueing elicits a wide range of responses from different participants, with the technology mitigating freezing of gait for some individuals. Because functional electrical stimulation has numerous modifiable parameters that influence sensation and nervous system response, personalizing these parameters could enhance the effectiveness of freezing of gait mitigation and provide deeper insights into freezing of gait.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"64 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13390587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148548208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurophysiological Response of Spinal Mobilization and Manipulation in Individuals With and Without Musculoskeletal Spine Disorders: A Scoping Review","authors":"Mostafa Mehraban Jahromi,&nbsp;Dylan Basset,&nbsp;Jordan A. Borrell,&nbsp;Neena K. Sharma","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70632","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spinal manipulation (SMA) and spinal mobilization (SMO) are two of the most widely used manual therapy techniques (SMT) for spine-related musculoskeletal pain management. Although their neuromuscular effects have been reported, emerging evidence suggests that SMT may also induce neurophysiological changes within the central nervous system (CNS). This review aimed to synthesize the current literature on the neurophysiological effects of SMT with multiple brain imaging and neurophysiological methods. A scoping review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Eight databases were searched for studies using brain imaging techniques (e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation [TMS], functional magnetic resonance imaging [fMRI] or electroencephalography [EEG]) to assess the impact of SMT on healthy individuals or those with musculoskeletal spine pain. Twenty-six studies were included: eight TMS, seven fMRI, five somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) and six with other imaging methods (e.g., EEG, positron emission tomography [PET] or magnetic resonance spectroscopy [MRS]). Most studies reported significant postintervention neurophysiological changes, particularly in motor cortex excitability (TMS), functional connectivity (fMRI) and sensorimotor integration (SEP). However, heterogeneity in study design, manipulation protocols, imaging outcomes and timing of assessments limited generalizability of the results. Although many studies reported reductions in pain intensity, none of them linked cortical changes directly to clinical improvements. Overall, SMT can induce changes in cortical activity and connectivity, particularly in pain processing and motor control regions. However, significant methodological variation across studies limits the strength of conclusions. Future research should aim for standardized protocols and investigate the clinical significance of neurophysiological changes in large, diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"64 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70632","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148534480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Action Intentions Shape Task- and Phase-Specific Integration of Object Features","authors":"Nina Lee,&nbsp;Matthias Niemeier","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70639","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Theories of object-based attention suggest that attending to an object binds its features together. Yet, there is a growing body of work to suggest that the intention to grasp an object can alter the representation of features such that they are separately represented during different stages of motor planning and execution, whereas some object features such as shape and size might form integrated representations when afforded by motor control. However, it remains untested whether these features were integrated as an outcome of the requirements of grasping motor control, or due to attention towards the object in general. Therefore, here we investigated how task-relevancy modulates the integration of grasp-relevant object features. To this end, we recorded electroencephalography while human participants grasped or reached for objects that varied in their orientation and size. Using multivariate analyses, we found a superadditive integration of object orientation and size during action planning for grasping but not reaching. These integrated representations likely facilitated the calculation of stable grasp points as further evidenced by the representations of grasp-specific visual size and grip size emerging at similar times. Our results provide novel insights into the vital role of action intention on cognitive representations in the human brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"64 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70639","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148534478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral Neuron Pairs Share Redundant Network Roles Despite Incomplete Connection Symmetry in Caenorhabditis elegans","authors":"Pyeong Soo Kim,&nbsp;Youngjo Song,&nbsp;Jerald D. Kralik,&nbsp;Jaeseung Jeong","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70629","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bilateral organization is a prominent feature of the <i>C. elegans</i> nervous system, yet bilateral neuron pairs differ substantially in their individual left–right connections. Whether, and how, such pairs nonetheless come to occupy similar roles in the network is not fully understood. Here we analyze the adult hermaphrodite and male <i>C. elegans</i> connectomes to examine bilateral redundancy using three complementary graph-theoretic measures: connectivity similarity, which captures overlap in shared in- and out-neighbours; motif-fingerprint difference, which captures the difference in local motif participation (with lower differences indicating greater overlap); and path compensation, which quantifies the extent to which paired neurons make overlapping contributions to global communication. Across measures, bilateral pairs showed elevated redundancy relative to other neuron pairs. Null-model comparisons further supported this finding, demonstrating that these patterns cannot arise from preserving symmetry alone: e.g., for connectivity similarity, randomizing the asymmetric edges while holding the symmetric ones reduced bilateral similarity, suggesting that bilateral asymmetry is itself what enables paired neurons to share neighbours and converge on similar network roles. Redundancy was not uniform across the nervous system: in the hermaphrodite it was more pronounced among interneurons than among sensory neurons across all three measures, while in the male this gradient was only significant for path compensation. Together, these results show that bilateral redundancy is a systematic multiscale principle of the <i>C. elegans</i> connectome, one that cannot be explained by bilateral symmetry alone.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"64 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148534202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrophysiological Recording With Activated Iridium Oxide: Effective Electrode Area, Not Total Impedance, Determines Performance","authors":"Alexander R. Harris,&nbsp;Ben J. Allitt,&nbsp;Antonio G. Paolini","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70640","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Platinum electrodes are used in many bionic devices; however, they have limited charge injection capacity (CIC) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), restricting performance. Iridium oxide has substantially larger CIC and reduced impedance compared to platinum. While these types of electrochemical measurements are typically used to infer improved electrophysiological performance, there are no studies demonstrating this correlation. This article compares the electrochemical and acute electrophysiological recording performance of iridium and electrochemically activated IrOx. Increased iridium activation reduced total impedance at low-intermediate frequencies and steady-state electroactive area but had no impact on linear diffusion electroactive area. The total impedance had a poor correlation with background noise, SNR and spike count. The results contribute to the previous literature indicating linear diffusion electroactive area determines the number of neurons within recording distance of the electrode, impacting SNR and spike count. Measurements of impedance are mainly of benefit as an indirect measure of linear diffusion electroactive area, in which case the measurement and analysis must be performed appropriately. A wide range of IrOx activation states can be produced with increased CIC, without concern of neural recording performance impacts. However, higher oxidation states resulting in electrode dissolution or increase in electrode resistance may limit IrOx chronic performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"64 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70640","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148534203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}