European Journal of Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Amyloid-Beta Pathology Increases Synaptic Engulfment by Glia in Feline Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome: A Naturally Occurring Model of Alzheimer's Disease","authors":"Robert I. McGeachan,&nbsp;Lucy Ewbank,&nbsp;Meg Watt,&nbsp;Lorena Sordo,&nbsp;Alexandra Malbon,&nbsp;Muhammad Khalid F. Salamat,&nbsp;Makis Tzioras,&nbsp;Joao Miguel De Frias,&nbsp;Jane Tulloch,&nbsp;Fiona Houston,&nbsp;Danièlle Gunn-Moore,&nbsp;Tara L. Spires-Jones","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70180","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Feline cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS; a.k.a. feline dementia) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder, comparable to dementia in people, characterised by behavioural changes such as increased vocalisation, altered social interactions, sleep–wake cycle, disorientation and house-soiling. Although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, pathologies similar to those observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been identified in the brains of aged or CDS-affected cats, including brain atrophy, neuronal loss, amyloid-beta plaques, tau pathology and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Neuroinflammation and synapse loss, other important hallmarks of AD, may also play important roles in feline ageing and CDS, but these are yet to be explored. Several mechanisms of synapse loss have been described in human AD and mouse models of amyloidopathy, including synaptic accumulation of amyloid-beta and the aberrant induction of synaptic engulfment by microglia and astrocytes. In this study, immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy were used to examine the parietal cortex of young (<i>n</i> = 7), aged (<i>n</i> = 10) and CDS-affected (<i>n</i> = 8) cats. Linear mixed effect modelling revealed that amyloid-beta accumulates within synapses in the aged and CDS-affected brain. Additionally, in the aged and CDS groups, there was microgliosis, astrogliosis and increased synaptic engulfment by microglia and astrocytes in regions with Aβ plaques. Further, microglia and astrocytes show increased internalisation of amyloid-beta-containing synapses near plaques. These findings suggest that amyloid-beta exerts a pathogenic effect in the feline brain, with mechanisms mirroring those seen in human AD. Importantly, these results support the use of feline CDS as a naturally occurring, translational model of Alzheimer's disease, offering valuable insights into AD pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"62 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Glucocorticoid Receptor Co-Chaperone FKBP51 in the Adrenal Cortex Is Not Involved in Regulating Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Activity in the Mouse","authors":"London Aman,&nbsp;Vera Sterlemann,&nbsp;Veronika Kovarova,&nbsp;Sowmya Narayan,&nbsp;Margherita Springer,&nbsp;Daniela Harbich,&nbsp;Bianca Schmid,&nbsp;Benjamin Jurek,&nbsp;Mathias V. Schmidt","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70213","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP51) is a stress-modulating protein implicated in stress-related psychiatric disorders. While FKBP51 has been extensively studied in the brain and other tissues, its role in the adrenal gland, a key part of the stress response, remains unexplored. To investigate <i>Fkbp5</i> gene expression and FKBP51 function in the adrenal gland, we examined expression in C57Bl/6 male and female mice and generated an adrenal cortex-specific <i>Fkbp5</i> knockout (AS^{<i>Fkbp5</i>−/−}). We found <i>Fkbp5</i> mRNA expression throughout the adrenal gland in both male and female mice. However, deletion of <i>Fkbp5</i> in the adrenal cortex did not alter basal stress hormone levels or acute restraint stress responses in both sexes and had no effect on chronic social defeat stress responses in male mice. These findings suggest that FKBP51 in the adrenal cortex plays another role than critically mediating acute or chronic social stress responses and highlight the potential for peripheral FKBP51 manipulations in the treatment of stress-related disorders with no off-target effects at the adrenal level.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"62 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling Audiovisual Perception Across Space and Time: A Neuroinspired Computational Architecture","authors":"Cristiano Cuppini,&nbsp;Eleonore F. Di Rosa,&nbsp;Laura Astolfi,&nbsp;Melissa Monti","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70217","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate perception of audiovisual stimuli depends crucially on the spatial and temporal properties of each sensory component, with multisensory enhancement only occurring if those components are presented in spatiotemporal congruency. Although spatial localization and temporal detection of audiovisual signals have each been extensively studied, the neural mechanisms underlying their joint influence, particularly in spatiotemporally misaligned contexts, remain poorly understood. Moreover, empirical dissection of their respective contributions to behavioral outcomes proves challenging when spatial and temporal disparities are introduced concurrently. Here, we sought to elucidate the mutual interaction of temporal and spatial offsets on the neural encoding of audiovisual stimuli. To this end, we developed a biologically inspired neurocomputational model that reproduces behavioral evidence of perceptual phenomena observed in audiovisual tasks, i.e., the modality switch effect (temporal realm) and the ventriloquist effect (spatial realm). Tested against the race model, our network successfully simulates multisensory enhancement in reaction times due to the concurrent presentation of cross-modal stimuli. Further investigation on the mechanisms implemented in the network upheld the centrality of cross-sensory inhibition in explaining modality switch effects and of cross-modal and lateral intra-area connections in regulating the evolution of these effects in space. Finally, the model predicts an amelioration in temporal detection of different modality stimuli with increasing between-stimuli eccentricity and indicates a plausible reduction in auditory localization bias for increasing interstimulus interval between spatially disparate cues. Our findings provide novel insights into the neural computations underlying audiovisual perception and offer a comprehensive predictive framework to guide future experimental investigations of multisensory integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"62 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Animal Testing: Bridging Neuroscience Innovation With Ethical Responsibility","authors":"Rand Suleiman","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70222","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ethical dilemmas surrounding animal testing in neuroscience are at the forefront of contemporary scientific debate. While animal models have been indispensable in advancing our understanding of complex neural functions and developing treatments for neurological diseases, the field is witnessing rapid innovation in alternative methodologies such as brain organoids, computational models, and artificial intelligence. This essay examines the necessity of animal research, the limitations of current alternatives, and the evolving legal and ethical frameworks that guide responsible neuroscience. By advocating a balanced approach that integrates scientific progress with ethical responsibility, this piece underscores the importance of bridging innovation with compassion in the pursuit of knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"62 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosomes as a Nanotheranostic Platform in Brain Diseases","authors":"Megha Kudpaje,&nbsp;Suresh Joghee,&nbsp;Ram Mohan Ram Kumar","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70215","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exosomes, nanoscale extracellular vesicles (30–150 nm), play a critical role in intercellular communication by transporting bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These vesicles have emerged as a transformative tool for drug delivery in brain diseases, particularly due to their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), a major challenge in treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of exosome-based therapies in treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, neuroinflammatory conditions, and brain tumors like glioblastoma. Exosomes can be engineered to enhance their targeting precision by modifying their surface to selectively deliver therapeutic agents to specific brain cells, including neurons, glial cells, and endothelial cells. This review explores the latest advancements in optimizing exosome-mediated drug delivery, focusing on surface modifications and other strategies to improve targeting efficiency and therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, exosomes are being investigated as diagnostic biomarkers for early disease detection and monitoring, offering a noninvasive alternative to traditional methods. Despite their promise, challenges such as large-scale production, cargo loading, safety concerns, and regulatory barriers remain. This review provides an overview of the current state of exosome-based therapies, critically evaluates the ongoing challenges, and explores future directions for optimizing their use in brain disease treatment, emphasizing enhancing targeted delivery and therapeutic efficacy.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"62 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An In Vivo Wireless Passive Electrical Stimulation Device for Promoting Axon Regeneration and Enhancing Sensory Afferents After Contralateral Seventh Nerve Transfer Surgery","authors":"Gaowei Lei,&nbsp;Zhen Pang,&nbsp;Yiming Chen,&nbsp;Shuai Zhu,&nbsp;Xiaomin Wang,&nbsp;Yuchen Liu,&nbsp;Huitao Wang,&nbsp;Yundong Shen,&nbsp;Wendong Xu","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70208","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CC7 (contralateral cervical seventh nerve transfer) is an effective treatment for spastic hemiplegia caused by brain injury. After stroke, contralateral C7 nerve transfer facilitates the transmission of sensory information from the affected upper limb to the intact cerebral hemisphere. This process promotes cortical reorganization and ultimately enhances motor function recovery in the paralyzed limb. However, there is no effective method to accelerate motor function recovery and enhance sensory input following CC7 surgery. Electrical stimulation has been proposed as a valuable solution for nerve injuries, yet its effectiveness post-CC7 surgery remains unknown. In this study, we firstly investigated the potential of a wireless passive electrical (WPE) stimulation device in vivo as a rehabilitation approach. Subsequently, using the sciatic nerve model, we implanted the WPE electrodes to perform electrical stimulation and then evaluated nerve regeneration and motor function recovery using immunohistochemistry and behavioral analysis. Furthermore, we implanted the device in the transferred C7 nerve of CC7 mice and performed targeted electrical stimulation. We used immunofluorescence, electrophysiological, and behavioral assessments to explore the effects of repeated, targeted electrical stimulation on nerve regeneration, contralateral hemisphere remodeling, and motor function recovery in the paralyzed arm. The WPE stimulation protocol can effectively promote the regeneration of sensorimotor fibers after nerve repair. When applied to CC7 mice, it can accelerate the remodeling of the contralesional hemisphere by enhancing the ipsilateral sensory input and restore the impaired limb function. This stimulation modality can be considered a potential rehabilitation means to accelerate the efficacy of CC7 surgery.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"62 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Olfactory Nerve Transection Transiently Activates Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in Xenopus laevis Larvae","authors":"Melina Kahl,&nbsp;Lukas Weiss,&nbsp;Joshua Walter,&nbsp;Thomas Hassenklöver,&nbsp;Ivan Manzini","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70211","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) play a crucial role in supporting the continuous turnover of olfactory receptor neurons by promoting axon growth and targeting. While OECs have been extensively studied in mammals for their potential in treating nerve injuries, little is known about these cells in non-mammalian vertebrates. We identified and characterized the morphology of OECs, fibroblasts, and macrophages in the olfactory system of <i>Xenopus laevis</i> larvae. Additionally, we used antibodies against phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (p-rpS6) to visualize the activation of non-neuronal cells in the olfactory nerve (ON) after transection. Various non-neuronal cells in the ON, including OECs, fibroblasts, and macrophages, showed a transient increase in the p-rpS6 signal following transection. Our study provides the first description of non-neuronal cells populating the ON of larval <i>X. laevis</i>, and it suggests that rpS6 phosphorylation in these cells may be essential after injury and potentially supports regeneration of the ON. These findings contribute to a broader understanding of OECs and their role in nerve regeneration across species.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"62 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Postnatal Shank3 Downregulation in the Nucleus Accumbens Impairs Performance in Social Conditioning Paradigms in Male Mice","authors":"Alessandro Contestabile,&nbsp;Giulia Casarotto,&nbsp;Benoit Girard,&nbsp;Beatrice Righetti,&nbsp;Clément Solié,&nbsp;Camilla Bellone,&nbsp;Stamatina Tzanoulinou","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70203","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by reduced social interactions, as well as repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. Mutations in <i>SHANK3</i>, a scaffolding protein located postsynaptically at excitatory synapses, are associated with ASD, schizophrenia, and intellectual disability in humans. Similar autism-like phenotypes have been observed in <i>Shank3</i>-deficient rodent models. The mesolimbic dopamine pathway appears to be particularly sensitive to <i>Shank3</i> disruptions. We have previously shown that <i>Shank3</i> downregulation in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) (<i>Shank3-NAcKD</i>) during early postnatal development impaired social preference in the three-chamber test. Here, we aimed to assess whether this <i>Shank3</i> downregulation would lead to deficits in social conditioning paradigms. Specifically, using the social instrumental task (SIT), we found that <i>Shank3-NAcKD</i> male mice performed fewer lever presses to gain access to social interaction with a nonfamiliar juvenile mouse. Moreover, these mice failed to develop a preference for the chamber associated with social stimuli in a conditioned place preference (CPP) task. Unsupervised analysis of locomotor motifs during CPP revealed distinct exploratory strategies, with an altered allocation of exploratory behaviors between the socially paired and unpaired chambers, suggesting a suboptimal direction of exploration towards relevant social-associated cues. Our current data expand on our previous research to understand the involvement of mesolimbic <i>Shank3</i> expression in autism-like phenotypes. Additionally, our results underline that local <i>Shank3</i> manipulation during early postnatal life leads to intricate social behavior deficits, highlighting the need for an in-depth dissection of behavioral phenotypes in rodent models of ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"62 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging Conflicting Views on Eye Position Signals: A Neurocomputational Approach to Perisaccadic Perception","authors":"Nikolai Stocks,&nbsp;Fred H. Hamker","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70207","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Saccades are an integral component of visual perception, yet the accuracy and role of eye position signals in the brain remain unclear. The classical model of perisaccadic perception posits that the dorsal visual system combines an imperfect eye position signal with visual input, leading to systematic perisaccadic mislocalizations under specific experimental conditions. However, neurophysiological studies of eye position information have produced seemingly conflicting results. One team of researchers observed the eye position signal directly in gain-field neurons in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) and found them incompatible with the classical model. In contrast, another team reported evidence for an eye position signal consistent with the classical model, even showing that accurate eye position can be decoded from neural activity. We modeled two subpopulations of neurons in LIP receiving input from two different sources, one representing the corollary discharge containing predictive presaccadic signals, the other representing a slowly updating proprioceptive eye position signal. By decoding eye position from the neural activity of these subpopulations, we observed the model containing sufficient information to allow the decoder to accurately predict and track the perisaccadic eye position. Our findings reconcile the apparent contradiction between the different neurophysiological studies by providing a unified framework for understanding eye position signals in perisaccadic perception. Our results suggest that a combination of a late-updating proprioceptive signal and a predictive corollary discharge is sufficient for accurately decoding eye position.</p>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"62 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejn.70207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fronto-Parietal and Cerebellar Circuits Characterize Individuals With Higher Trait Anxiety","authors":"Teresa Baggio,&nbsp;Alessandro Grecucci,&nbsp;Fabrice Crivello,&nbsp;Marc Joliot,&nbsp;Christophe Tzourio","doi":"10.1111/ejn.70210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70210","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anxiety is a diffuse condition ranging from milder manifestations to severe disorders, impacting individuals' lives significantly. Specific sensitive periods such as adolescence and young adulthood are particularly vulnerable to anxious states, often associated with psychological traits like impulsivity, aggression and varying coping strategies. The goal of the present study is to address the need for a comprehensive analysis of trait anxiety by employing Parallel ICA, a data fusion machine learning technique, in a sample of young individuals divided into a lower anxiety group (<i>n</i> = 252) and a higher anxiety group (<i>n</i> = 302), aiming to identify the joint grey–white matter networks characterizing higher versus lower trait anxiety. Additionally, we aim to characterize higher anxiety individuals for their usage of maladaptive coping strategies, and other affective dimensions. In higher anxious individuals, we identified a fronto-parieto-cerebellar network with decreased grey matter concentration, linked to bodily awareness and threat modulation, and a parieto-temporal network with increased white matter concentration, emphasizing insula and precuneus role. At the psychological level, we found higher stress, cognitive and motor impulsivity and avoidance/emotional coping in higher anxious individuals. These findings may enhance the understanding of anxiety's neural underpinnings in young individuals, supporting early interventions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11993,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"62 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}