European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology最新文献

{"title":"Active piezoelectric bone conduction implant Osia^® 2 - evaluation of surgery and one-year audiological and quality of life benefits.","authors":"Wojciech Gawęcki, Renata Gibasiewicz, Magdalena Błaszczyk, Małgorzata Wierzbicka, Ewelina Bartkowiak","doi":"10.1007/s00405-024-09057-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00405-024-09057-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To present the surgical outcomes and one-year audiological and quality of life results of implantation of the Osia^®2 active piezoelectric bone conduction implant.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty adults with mixed and conductive hearing loss were implanted with the Osia^® 2 system and followed up for at least one year. The surgical course, healing, and soft tissue condition were assessed. Audiometric tests included pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry and direct bone conduction measurements. Participants completed the APHAB and SSQ questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All surgeries were successful. No soft tissue problems were observed. Pure tone audiometry showed a mean functional gain of 47.4 ± 5.6 dB HL (p = 0.000089). The Polish Monosyllabic Word Test showed mean improvements for silent, medium and loud speech of 59.5 ± 1.8%, 46.5 ± 32.3% and 13.3 ± 20.9% in quiet and 38.5 ± 24.4%, 62.0 ± 9.1%, and 36.5 ± 34.4% in noise (all p < 0.05). The Polish Matrix Test indicated a mean SNR improvement of 8.78 ± 2.31 dB SPL (p = 0.000155). BC in situ measurements were significantly better post-implantation compared to preoperative levels with Baha^®6 Max on the Softband. APHAB scores showed significant improvements in global, ease of communication, background noise and reverberation scores (all p < 0.001). SSQ scores improved significantly in speech, spatial and quality subscales (all p < 0.000001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Osia^®2 implantation is an effective treatment for patients with mixed and conductive hearing loss. The surgery is relatively easy and safe, with no significant postoperative or magnet pressure-related complications. Osia^®2 significantly improves speech understanding in noise and reduces communication problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11952,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology","volume":" ","pages":"1757-1768"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor regarding \"microplastics in different nasal irrigation options\" by Tuna et al.","authors":"Haonan Lin, Hao Chi, Ke Xu","doi":"10.1007/s00405-024-09155-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00405-024-09155-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11952,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology","volume":" ","pages":"2183-2184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142885419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical requirements for dacryocystorhinostomy ostium patency.","authors":"Víctor Manuel Asensio-Sánchez","doi":"10.1007/s00405-024-09168-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00405-024-09168-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11952,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology","volume":" ","pages":"2185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma in a toddler: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Tzu-Kung Wang, Ta-Jen Lee, Po-Hung Chang, Chia-Chen Wu, Chia-Hsiang Fu","doi":"10.1007/s00405-024-09121-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00405-024-09121-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma (BSNS) is an extremely rare malignant tumor characterized by neural and myogenic differentiation. No documented cases of BSNS have been reported in toddlers.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 1-year-11-month-old girl presented with significant unilateral nasal bleeding. Identification of the bleeding source during the initial assessment was particularly challenging given the patient's agitated state. Subsequent exploration under anesthesia revealed an exophytic tumor arising from the middle turbinate. Afterwards, the patient underwent tumor excision via transnasal endoscopy, with no immediate complications. Immunohistochemistry confirmed a diagnosis of BSNS. No signs of recurrence or distant metastasis were observed over a two-year follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Massive, persistent nasal bleeding due to sinonasal malignancies in very young children is exceedingly uncommon. For young patients with recurrent or atypical epistaxis, clinicians should consider a neoplastic origin, given the difficulty in pinpointing the bleeding source. This case aims to remind physicians to include such rare malignancies in differential diagnoses, stressing the need for heightened awareness during pediatric assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11952,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology","volume":" ","pages":"2165-2168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative safety analysis of coseasonal versus preseasonal Artemisia annua sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis.","authors":"Ying Liu, Feng Chen, Ning Wang, Chan He, Chunyan Tian, Yan Feng, Hui HuangFu","doi":"10.1007/s00405-025-09262-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00405-025-09262-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) usually seek treatment when symptoms become unbearable during the pollen season. It remains unclear whether initiating sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) during the pollen season affects patients' safety. This study aims to compare the tolerability of initiating Artemisia annua SLIT during the pollen season versus before the season.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety patients with Artemisia-induced SAR were recruited and equally randomized into the coseasonal initiation treatment (COS-SLIT) group and the preseasonal initiation treatment (PRE-SLIT) group. The COS-SLIT group started SLIT when allergic symptoms occurred during the 2022 pollen season, while the PRE-SLIT group began SLIT four months before the expected season in 2022. Patients were categorized as mild symptoms or moderate-severe symptoms group based on the level of visual analog scale (VAS) scores evaluated during the 2021 pollen season. The incidence, frequency, performance, and alleviating measures of adverse events (AEs) were analyzed after the up-dosing phase (5 weeks), at three months (13 weeks), six months (26 weeks), and twelve months (52 weeks).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 72 patients (32 patients in the COS-SLIT group and 40 patients in the PRE-SLIT) were included in the analysis. Among these patients, 33 reported a total of 78 AEs. No significant difference was found in the frequency and number of patients experiencing AEs between the COS-SLIT and PRE-SLIT groups during the four follow-up periods (all p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the symptoms or alleviating measures of AEs between the two groups in general (all p > 0.05). Furthermore, the most common AEs in the COS-SLIT group were nasal symptoms (n = 14), lip edema (n = 10), and cough (n = 4), while in the PRE-SLIT group were nasal symptoms (n = 12), lip edema (n = 8), and ocular pruritus (n = 6). Symptomatic drugs were the most common alleviating measures in both groups (61.29% in COS-SLIT and 64.52% in PRE-SLIT, p > 0.05). Patients with mild and moderate-severe symptoms showed comparable tolerability at different initiation timing (all p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This prospective study demonstrates the comparable safety and tolerability of initiating Artemisia annua SLIT during the pollen season and before the season.</p>","PeriodicalId":11952,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology","volume":" ","pages":"1941-1950"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical factors behind acquired primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction and acute dacryocystitis.","authors":"Titap Yazıcıoğlu, Anıl Ağaçkesen, Özge Adıgüzel Karaoysal","doi":"10.1007/s00405-024-09193-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00405-024-09193-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the nasolacrimal and nasal anatomical parameters in cases of acquired primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction and acute dacryocystitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 62 eyes of 31 patients. The eyes were divided into three groups: Group A, comprising eyes presenting with acute dacryocystitis; Group B, comprising eyes with nasolacrimal duct obstruction but no previous episodes of dacryocystitis; and Group C, comprising eyes with an patent nasolacrimal duct. The coronal, axial, and sagittal computed tomography images of the cases were examined to assess parameters such as the canal's entry and exit, the narrowest transverse and anteroposterior diameters, the anatomical type of the canal, inferior turbinate thickness, the angle between the inferior turbinate and the medial maxillary wall, and the direction of septal deviation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant difference was found in any parameter when comparing eyes with acquired primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction to the contralateral eyes without obstruction (p > 0.05). Among the three groups, eyes with acute dacryocystitis (Group A) had significantly wider exit transverse and narrowest anteroposterior diameters compared to the other two groups (p = 0.000, p = 0.001, and p = 0.006, p = 0.042), with the narrowest transverse diameter also being significantly wider compared to Group B (p = 0.007). The angle of the inferior turbinate was significantly lower in Group A compared to Group B (p = 0.038). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the anatomical type of the canal (p = 0.981).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While anatomical parameters do not show significant differences between eyes with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction and those without obstruction in the same individual, the wider canal diameters in eyes with acute dacryocystitis suggest that secondary changes associated with dacryocystitis or a predisposition to dacryocystitis might be present in eyes with nasolacrimal duct obstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":11952,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology","volume":" ","pages":"2135-2140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical outcomes of simultaneous subtotal petrosectomy and cochlear implantation: a single institutional study.","authors":"Gianfranco Velasco, Hamzah Alshaikh, Chan Mi Lee, Min Chae Jeon, Jae Sang Han, Jae Hyun Seo, Shi Nae Park","doi":"10.1007/s00405-024-09063-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00405-024-09063-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To report our institution's experience with patients who underwent subtotal petrosectomy (STP) for refractory ear disease who are candidates for cochlear implant (CI) and to highlight simultaneous STP with CI its advantages, surgical outcomes, post-operative complications management, and considerations for staging a procedure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was performed in a single tertiary referral university hospital. The medical records of seventy patients (70 ears) who underwent STP for refractory ear disease who were candidates for CI were retrospectively evaluated.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Seventy adults (age range 30-85) underwent STP with a median follow-up of 4.8 years (range 1.5-18.2). Twenty-seven (38.5%) had previous mastoid surgeries before STP. Most patients underwent simultaneous STP and CI (n = 36, 51.5%), followed by STP only (n = 28, 40%), with a smaller group having staged CI after STP (n = 6, 8.5%). Patients who underwent simultaneous STP and CI showed significant improvements in several measures, with mean pre-operative pure tone audiometry (PTA) of 98.7 dB HL (range 85-118; SD: ± 9.2) improving to 39.3 dB HL post-operatively (range 25-50; SD: ± 9.3, p < 0.001), mean pre-operative categories of auditory performance (CAP) score of 1.6 (range 0-4; SD: ± 1.3), increasing to 5.6 post-operatively (range 4-7; SD: ± 1.3, p < 0.001), and mean pre-operative open-set adult sentence score of 6.8% (range 0-40%), improving to 78.4% post-operatively (range 40-100%, p < 0.001). Three of the 36 patients (8.3%) who had simultaneous STP and CI developed post-operative complications (median follow-up: 4.2 years). No disease recurrence was reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>STP is an effective intervention for refractory middle ear and mastoid diseases. It allows for a thorough disease removal and prepares the ear for subsequent implantation procedures. Simultaneous STP and CI provide the advantage of hearing rehabilitation, disease control, and a comparable complication rate to that of conventional CI procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":11952,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology","volume":" ","pages":"1791-1799"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Office-based flexible endoscopic guided biopsy: single-center feasibility analysis.","authors":"Nisha, Vimmi Gautam, Smriti Panda, Alok Thakar, Akshara Palreddy, Rajeev Kumar, Chirom Amit Singh, Kapil Sikka","doi":"10.1007/s00405-024-09076-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00405-024-09076-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Direct laryngoscopy and biopsy have been the standard of care for biopsy of lesions arising from the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT). The requirement of general anesthesia is often a prerequisite. Procedures performed under the laryngeal block and local anesthesia are not viewed as appropriate from the point of view of patient comfort. Office-based flexible guided biopsy offers a less invasive alternative for obtaining biopsies from UADT.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the yield, accuracy, feasibility, and safety of office-based flexible fiber-optic endoscope-directed biopsy (FEB) for laryngeal & pharyngeal lesions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Setting- Tertiary care referral center.Retrospective cohort of FEB procedures undertaken in the period from June-December 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study sample included 181 consecutive patients (median age 59 years) with lesions in supraglottis-25.4%, glottis-20.4%, nasopharynx-6%, oropharynx (base tongue/vallecula)-24.8%, and hypopharynx(pyriform fossa)-23.2%. The median time from outpatient visit to FEB was 1.9 days (1-4 days). Malignancy was confirmed in 166/181 patients, with 8 pre-malignant and 7 benign lesions. FEB confirmed the appropriate diagnosis in 159/181 (88.1%), and a repeat FEB in the 22 non-diagnostic situations yielded a diagnosis in another 8 (92.8% overall). The remaining 14 patients were appropriately diagnosed by a subsequent operating room endoscopy. The rate of conversion to direct laryngoscopy biopsy was approximately 7.73%. FEB demonstrated sensitivity (86.8%), specificity (100%), Positive Predictive Value (100%), Negative Predictive Value (23.3%), and overall Accuracy (87.29%). Univariate analysis indicated poor diagnostic yield for nasopharynx subsite (OR - 0.15; p = 0.003) and post-radiation/chemoradiation cases(OR - 7.04; p = 0.05). Multivariate analysis of the impact of patient characteristics, lesion subsite/morphology, and prior tracheostomy did not reveal a statistically significant association with histological yield. Mean biopsy time was 8 min with minor complications (pain/ minor bleeding) in 29/203 FEB procedures (14.28%), and major complications in 12(5.9%) (significant bleeding-2, airway compromise-9; death-1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Office-based FFB is a viable alternative to direct laryngoscopic guided biopsy with acceptable sensitivity and specificity. Appropriate utilization of FFB will reduce the need for direct laryngoscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11952,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology","volume":" ","pages":"2095-2103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of performance status on the therapeutic effect of nivolumab in recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.","authors":"Ari Nishimura, Chie Ishida, Akihisa Tanaka, Takahiro Kimura, Yumi Yoshii, Hirokazu Uemura, Masayuki Takeda, Tadashi Kitahara","doi":"10.1007/s00405-024-09065-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00405-024-09065-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Systemic chemotherapy is the primary treatment strategy for recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (RM-SCCHN). Therapeutic strategies are changing considerably with the introduction of molecular-targeted and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies in addition to conventional cytotoxic therapy. The CheckMate-141 and KEYNOTE-048 trials have enabled the use of ICIs as first-line treatment to improve the overall prognosis of RM-SCCHN. However, background factors affecting treatment responses, including performance status (PS), remain poorly defined. Therefore, we investigated the effect of PS in patients treated with nivolumab.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed the treatment outcomes and backgrounds of 31 patients with RM-SCCHN who received nivolumab monotherapy between April 2017 and March 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient background was male/female = 29/2, median age was 68 years (range 39-85), PS0/1/2 = 14/15/2, and oral/oropharynx/hypopharynx/larynx = 2/12/12/5. Median overall survival was 8.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.3-30.6 months), median progression-free survival was 3.0 months (95% CI 1.7-9.1 months), and objective response rate was 22.6% (95% CI 11.1-40.1%). Immune-related adverse events of grade 3 or higher were observed in three patients (9.7%). Eight (29.6%) of the 27 patients (excluding four patients who maintained complete response for over 2 years) were successfully transferred to post-treatment. In the multivariate analysis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) PS (Hazard Ratio: 9.87, 95% CI 1.79-54.56) was associated with poor survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The efficacy of nivolumab is reduced in patients with poor PS.</p>","PeriodicalId":11952,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology","volume":" ","pages":"2071-2076"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dupilumab in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis and concomitant cystic fibrosis: a real-life experience.","authors":"Marco Govoni, Arianna Soncini, Maria Luce Bardon, Enrico Pasanisi, Gabriele Oretti","doi":"10.1007/s00405-024-09125-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00405-024-09125-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been distinguished in primary CRS, a primary inflammatory disorder limited to airways and secondary CRS, in which the sinonasal pathology is caused by a systemic disease or a local pathologic condition. Primary CRS is in turn classified in Type 2 and Non-type 2 on the basis of the endotype and of the pattern of the immune response. Advance in the knowledge of CRS has led to new therapeutic options, among which Dupilumab (anti-IL4R). We report the clinical response to Dupilumab in two patients with cystic fibrosis and nasal polyposis, in which the coexistence of a primary and secondary CRS could not be excluded.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nasal endoscopy, smell and quality of life of the patients were evaluated at each follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the first case, increased blood eosinophils, allergy to inhalants and NSAIDs intolerance supported the suspect of primary CRS with type 2 inflammatory pattern, in addition to cystic fibrosis and the therapy was effective. In the second case the patient did not show atopy or peculiar blood test and even if the phenotype could suggest a primary CRS combined with a secondary one, the treatment was ineffective and it was suspended.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Even though classifications can be helpful, they can be reductive in cases where different aetiologies overlap. The presence of a concomitant primary CRS must not be excluded a priori in patients affected by secondary CRS. Each patient must be investigated to identify endotype characteristics and select the most appropriate therapeutic option.</p>","PeriodicalId":11952,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology","volume":" ","pages":"2169-2172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}